"Global cancer statistics 2022" based on the latest GLOBCAN data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) was recently released, providing a systematic analysis of the incidence and mortality of 36 types of cancer across 185 countries worldwide. The international burden of cancer is expected to continue to increase over the next 30 years, posing a severe public health and social challenge for many countries, including China. This article offers a key point interpretation of the "Global cancer statistics 2022", focusing on the evolution of cancer epidemiology and future development trends. The aim is to broaden the international perspective on cancer prevention and treatment, with the hope of providing reference and guidance for cancer prevention and treatment efforts in our country.

OBJECTIVE Nowadays, the development of pharmacy discipline has a new trend, which is reflected in the close connection with the national strategy, the integration of basic and applied research, the high degree of discipline intersection, the long achievement cycle, and the high career access, etc. The traditional model of pharmacy talent cultivation can no longer meet the needs of the development of pharmacy discipline and the creation of new drugs in the new era, therefore, it puts forward new paths of the cultivation of innovative talents in pharmacy. METHODS On the basis of analyzing the main problems existing in the process of cultivation of existing pharmacy talents, to describe the new trends and new paths of cultivation of top-notch innovative pharmacy talents in the new era. RESULTS Propose to start from the four aspects of the trinity of the guidance mechanism, the mechanism of the science education and human resources mechanism, the regularization of the joint mechanism, and the mechanism of the cultivation of talents. CONCLUSION It is proposed to build a talent cultivation model with a "Student-Scholar" orientation, to provide new ideas for the cultivation of future pharmacy talents in the new era.

In the original publication, Figure 4G was incorrectly published. The correct version of Figure 4G is presented in this correction. This correction does not affect the conclusions of the paper.

The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects of Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) on depression-like behaviors in mice and to explore the potential mechanisms. These results revealed that a single facial injection of BoNT/A induced a rapid and prolonged improvement of depression-like behaviors in naïve and space-restriction-stressed (SRS) mice, reflected by a decreased duration of immobility in behavioral despair tests. BoNT/A significantly increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in several brain regions, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus, in SRS mice. BoNT/A increased the expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B in the hippocampus, which were significantly decreased in SRS mice. Furthermore, BoNT/A significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, which were decreased in SRS mice. Finally, BoNT/A transiently increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), which were suppressed in the hippocampus of SRS mice. Collectively, these results demonstrated that BoNT/A treatment has anti-depressant-like activity in mice, and this is associated with increased 5-HT levels and the activation of BDNF/ERK/CREB pathways in the hippocampus, supporting further investigation of BoNT/A therapy in depression.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Zhanjinhuoxue Formula combined with the tower-type pad natural traction for the treatment of pure thoracolumbar compression fracture.Methods Fifty patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures treated in our hospital from January to December 2014 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=25) and control group(n=25).The control group was given the tower-type natural traction method,while the observation group was given Zhanjinhuoxue Formula combined with the tower-type pad natural traction method.The curative effect,pain score,activity ability score,analgesic drugs score,bone mineral density (BMD) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA) score were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate was 92.00％ in the observation group and 68.00％ in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =4.50,P＜0.05).The pain score,activity ability score and analgesic drugs score after 6-month treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05);the BMD and JOA scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Condusion Zhanjinhuoxue Formula coordinated by the tower-type pad natural traction method can conduce to alleviate the pain symptom in the patients with pure thoracolumbar compression fracture,increases the movement function and improves the treatment effect.

Objective To explore the impact of different hemoglobin on postoperative cognitive functions in female patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. Methods 215 female patients who were underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy or laparoscopic myomectomy from January 2016 to December 2016 in our hospital were selected. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their hemoglobin:Group N with normal hemoglobin ,Group A with hemoglobin concentration of 9 ~ 11 g/L ,and Group B with hemoglobin concentration of 6 ~ 9 g/L. Same anesthesia and recovery plan were performed in all patients. Basic and operative information were recorded. The score of MoCA on the day before surgry ,the day after surgry ,3 days after surgry and 30 days after surgry were recorded. Blood samples were collected on the day before surgry and the day after surgry for the determina-tion of serum S-100β protein and IL-6 concentrations. Results No significant difference was found in basic and operative information among three groups. The recovery time was much longer in Group B than that in Group N. No difference were found among three group in the score of MoCA on the day before surgry and 30 days after surgry ,while the score in the day after surgry and 3 days after surgry were lower in Group B com-pared with Group N. The incidence of POCD were higher in Group B compared with Group N. Compared with the day before surgry ,the concentration of serum S-100β protein and IL-6 were much higher. And compared with Group N ,the concentration of serum S-100β protein was higher in Group A and B in the day after surgry , while IL-6 was higher in Group B. The concentration of serum S-100βprotein and IL-6 were much higher in Group B compared with Group A in the day after surgry. Conclusion Female patients with hemoglobin concen-tration of 6 ~ 9 g/L are susceptible to POCD ,which might be contributed by operative central nerve system damage induced by excessive inflammation.

Objective To investigate the effect of liver kinase B1(LKB1) on the radiosensitivity of subcutaneous xenograft tumor of lung cancer H460 cells in nude mice.Methods Human lung cancer H460 cells were implanted into female nude mice (BALB/c-nu) to establish a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of lung cancer.A total of 24 female nude mice in which the model was successfully established were equally and randomly divided into four groups:pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid (empty vector plasmid) group, irradiation (IR)+pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid group, pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid (overexpressing LKB1) group, and IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group.The growth of xenograft tumors was observed and the tumor inhibition rate and enhancement factor (EF) were calculated.The expression of LKB1 in each group was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot to analyze the relationship between LKB1 and radiosensitivity.Results Compared with the pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid group, the IR+pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid group, pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group, and IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group showed varying degrees of inhibition of tumor growth, particularly in the IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group, and the tumor inhibition rates were 31.30%, 14.78%, and 43.48%, respectively.The EF of LKB1 in the IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group was 1.18.The immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that LKB1 could be effectively expressed in the pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group and IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group, but not in the other two groups.Conclusions The subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of human lung cancer H460 cells has been successfully established in nude mice.LKB1 has a radiosensitizing effect on the subcutaneous xenograft tumor of lung cancer H460 cells in nude mice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential expressions of nucleolin in invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) and normal cervical epithelial tissues and explore the role of nucleolin in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSFifty specimens of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 65 specimens of CIN, and 60 adjacent normal cervical epithelial tissue specimens were examined immunohistochemically for nucleolin expression. The correlation of nucleolin expression levels with histological grades of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma and CIN were analyzed.

RESULTSThe specimens of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma showed a significantly higher positivity rate for nucleolin expression than CIN and normal cervical epithelial tissues, and the rate in CIN tissues was significantly higher than that in normal cervical epithelial tissues (P<0.01). The expression level of nucleolin was significantly higher in invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma than in CIN and normal cervical epithelia tissues, and higher in CIN than in normal cervical epithelia tissues, whose immunostaining scores were 7.6±0.3, 6.1±0.2, and 3.0±0.2, respectively (P<0.01). The mean nucleolin immunostaining score was significantly higher in poorly and moderately differentiated than in highly differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (7.9 vs 7.1, P<0.01), and higher in high grade CIN than in low grade CIN tissues (6.0 vs 4.0, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of nucleolin plays an important role during carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and is positively correlated with tumor progression of CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

In this study, we searched multiple databases for all relevant original articles (1996-2013). To investigate blood lead levels (BLL) and possible risk factors for lead exposure among children in China A total of 388 articles met our inclusion criteria. The overall geometric mean (GM) BLL was 71 µg/L, and the prevalence of elevated BLL (EBLL, defined as BLL ⋝ 100 µg/L) was 18.48% among children. The prevalence of EBLL remained significantly higher among boys. In children less than 6 years of age, there were significantly increasing trends in both BLL and prevalence of EBLL in an age-dependent manner. The ban on leaded gasoline significantly reduced the BLL as well as EBLL prevalence; however, children whose parents had lower educational levels or were exposed to lead in the workplace had a higher EBLL prevalence. Despite its decline over time, the average BLL among children in China remains higher than the average level most recently reported in the United States. Childhood lead poisoning remains a public health problem in China.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of monoamine neurotransmitters and its metabolites after pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride.

METHODSThe C(18) chromatograph column (150 mm×4.6 mm×5 µm) was selected for detection, and derived by dansyl chloride (10 mg/ml) under the condition of 50°C water bath by pH11 buffer solution. 20 µl acetic acid acetone solution (1.0 mol/L) was then mixed in for termination of the reaction. Then the solution was cooling to room temperature, 0.1 mol/L acetic acid zinc-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran solution was adopted for mobile phrase, with the volume ratio at 62:35:3. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min between 0-10 min, 2.0 ml/min between 10-35 min. The ultraviolet detection wavelength was 286 nm. The above method separately detected monoamine neurotransmitters and its metabolites and evaluated the limit of detection, accurate degree and accuracy degree.

RESULTSThe linear relations between each component was good in the range of 1 - 20 µg/ml (r = 0.999). The lowest detection limit of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and the metabolites 3-methoxy-4-benzoglycols, homovanillic acid and 5-heteroauxin were separately 0.60, 0.80, 0.41, 0.21, 0.19 and 0.1 µg/ml; while the average recovery rates were between 78.5% - 95.9%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 6.62%, 7.64%, 2.98%, 3.60%, 5.09% and 3.09%, respectively. In the process of selection and optimization of the chromatographic conditions, we observed the importance of metal ions to discretion, and discussed the temperature, pH of the buffer solution and dosage of dansyl chloride in derivation. Under the above conditions, the reaction was perfect, and the baseline of the detected materials thoroughly separated.

CONCLUSIONThe method to detect monoamine neurotransmitters and its metabolites by HPLC and pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride was established; and this method could provide reference for the detection of polyamine by HPLC.

Biogenic Monoamines ; analysis ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dansyl Compounds ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; analysis ; metabolism