In the field of dental aesthetics,digital aesthetic design plays a crucial role in helping dentists to predict treatment outcomes vis-ually,as well as in enhancing the consistency of knowledge and understanding of aesthetic goals between dentists and patients.It serves as the foundation for achieving ideal aesthetic effects.However,there is no clear standard for this digital process currently in China and abroad.Many dentists lack of systematic understanding of how to carry out digital aesthetic design for treatment.To establish standardized processes for dental aesthetic design and to improve the homogeneity of treatment outcomes,Chinese Society of Digital Dental Industry(CSD-DI)convened domestic experts in related field to compile this consensus.This article elaborates on the key aspects of digital aesthetic data collection,integration steps,and the digital aesthetic design process.It also formulates a decision tree for dental aesthetics at macro level and outlines corresponding workflows for various clinical scenarios,serving as a reference for clinicians.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Setaria italica extract on improving insomnia model mice and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS The mice were randomly assigned into blank group， model group， positive control group （diazepam， 2.6 mg/kg）， and S. italica extract low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1.2， 2.4， 4.8 g/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， all other groups received intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine （PCPA） to establish the insomnia model. After modeling， the blank group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， with a volume of 0.01 mL/g， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. After the administration， the open-field test was conducted to observe the praxiological changes of mice， and to determine the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid （5-HTAA） in the hippocampal tissue， as well as the contents of 5-HT， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， interleukin-2 （IL-2）， IL-6， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl- 2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） in the serum. The expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor- κB （PI3K/Akt/NF-κB） signaling pathway related protein was determined in the hippocampus of mice. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the total exercise time of mice in S. italica extract high-dose group was significantly prolonged， but the total rest time was significantly shortened （P＜0.01）； the number of standing times and modification times were significantly reduced （P＜ 0.01）. The contents of 5-HT， BDNF， and Bcl-2 in serum， and Bcl-2/Bax were significantly increased， while the contents of IL-2， IL-6， and Bax were significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. The content of 5-HTAA in the hippocampal tissue and 202104010910029）；the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt proteins were increased significantly， while the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 protein was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONS High-dose of S. italica extract demonstrates significant therapeutic effects on insomnia in mice， and the mechanism of which may be associated with the regulation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS The data of 40 newly diagnosed AML patients admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively collected and divided into observation group and control group according to treatment plan， with 20 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given Daunorubicin hydrochloride for injection+Cytarabine for injection， and the patients in the observation group were given Venetoclax tablets+ Homoharringtonine injection+Cytarabine for injection. The patients in both groups were given relevant medicine， with 28 days as one cycle. The short-term efficacy， negative rate of minimal residual disease （MRD）， duration of granulocyte deficiency， duration of platelet （PLT） ＜20×109 L－1， transfusion volume of suspended red blood cells and platelet， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were evaluated in both groups after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS The complete remission or complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery （CR/CRi） rate in the observation group was significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）， and the negative rate of MRD in the observation group was also significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）. However， in low-， medium- and high-risk patients， there was no statistical significance in CR/CRi rates between the two groups （P＞0.05）. There were no significant differences in the duration of agranulocytosis， the duration of PLT ＜20×109 L－1， the amount of suspended red blood cell transfusion， the amount of platelet transfusion， the incidence of hematologic toxicity and the incidence of non-hematologic toxicity between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine show good short-term efficacy and safety in the treatment of AML.

Aiming at the obstacle avoidance in simulated prosthetic vision,an improved instance segmentation model SOLOv2-RS is proposed for providing a basis for implant recipients to accurately perceive the relevant instance objects of navigation tasks in low-resolution prosthetic vision.According to the visual attention mechanism,the distance from the center of the visual field and the target scale are adopted as the importance calculation criteria for each instance,and the obtained importance score is used as the basis for the hierarchical representation of the obstacles to be avoided.Meanwhile,edge information is used to cue the tactile paving,and it is morphologically inflated for avoiding the edge information loss caused by the limited phosphene.The prosthetic vision simulation results demonstrate that the hierarchical optimization processing strategy for simulated prosthetic vision can effectively achieve the optimal representation of tactile paving and obstacles,thus facilitating the implant recipients to accomplish outdoor obstacle avoidance tasks more efficiently,and providing ideas for the research on the image processing of visual prosthetic devices.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for concentration determination of caffeine and its three metabolites， theophylline， paraxanthine and theobromine in urine， and apply it in clinical practice. METHODS Using caffeine-13C3-d3 as internal standard （IS）， and the urine samples were protein precipitated with acetonitrile； HPLC-MS/MS method was adopted to determine the concentrations of caffeine and its three metabolites. The determination was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC® BEH HILIC column with mobile phase consisting of 60 mmol/L ammonium acetate （A）-acetonitrile （B） （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 38 ℃ ， and the sample size was 2 μL. The electrospray ionization detection was operated in a positive mode by multiple reaction monitoring. The detection ions for quantitative analysis were m/z 195.1→110.0 for caffeine， m/z 181.1→124.0 for theophylline， m/z 181.1→124.0 for paraxanthine， m/z 181.1→138.0 for theobromine， and m/z 198.1→ 140.1 for IS. The above method was used to determine the concentrations of caffeine and its three metabolites in the urine of 19 infants with apnea of prematurity （AOP）. RESULTS The linear ranges of mass concentration of caffeine， theophylline， paraxanthin and theobromine were 0.200-200， 0.050-50.0，0.050 0-50.0， and 0.100-100 μg/mL， respectively. The lower limits of quantification were 0.200， 0.050， 0.050 and 0.100 μg/mL （r＞0.990）， respectively. RSDs of intra-day and intra- day precision were not above 10.37%， and matrix factors were 85.68%-109.90%； extraction recoveries were 93.53%-109.40% （RSD≤15%）， and RSDs of stability tests were all lower than 15%. The concentrations of caffeine and its three metabolites in the urine of 19 cases were （27.346±7.951）， （0.351±0.223）， （0.428±0.395） and （0.472±0.374） μg/mL， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC-MS/MS method is simple， sensitive and can be used for the determination of caffeine and its three metabolites in urine samples of AOP.

Objective:To explore and analyze the reliability and safety of sham feeding in facilitating the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), by using a new device, the Artificial Intelligence Bowel Tone Monitoring System.Methods:The data of 100 cases in Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from Dec. 2020 to Sep. 2022 with acute appendicitis operated by LA who met the inclusion criteria. In this prospective study, participants were divided by random number table into a control group and an experimental group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group performed routine postoperative LA care, and the experimental group performed routine postoperative LA care and sham-feeding state care. The age, gender, recovery time of postoperative bowel sounds, time of first postoperative anal discharge, postoperative nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, dry mouth and halitosis, and postoperative abdominal pain and other complications were recorded. GraphPad Prism 9.0 and SPSS 22.0 software were adopted to conduct data organization and analysis.Results:There were 100 valid cases in this trial. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, duration of surgery, abdominal pain and other symptoms ( P>0.05). The recovery time of bowel sounds after surgery was (8.92±0.56) h in the experimental group and (10.55±0.88) h in the control group, which was statistically significant ( t=10.99, P<0.0001); the recovery time of bowel sounds after surgery was (20.10±0.50) h in the experimental group and (20.96±0.59) h in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t=7.84, P<0.0001); there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group (22%) and the control group (42%) for postoperative nausea and vomiting ( χ2=4.60, P=0.032); there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group (16%) and the control group (52%) for postoperative abdominal distension ( χ2= There was a statistical difference between the experimental group (40%) and the control group (68%) ( χ2=7.89, P=0.005). The number of hospitalization days in the control group was (11.40±2.47) days and the days in the experimental group was (9.30±2.01) d, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=4.65, P<0.001); the hospitalization cost in the control group was (27 270.11±2 645.30) yuan and the cost in the experimental group was (23 669.68±2 841.28) yuan, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=6.56, P<0.001). Conclusion:To a certain extent, sham feeding can accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after LA, reduce the common postoperative discomfort, length of stay and hospital costs of patients.

Zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based monolithic stationary phases have attracted increasing attention for their use in hydrophilic interaction chromatography.In this study,a novel hydrophilic polymeric monolith was fabricated through photo-initiated copolymerization of 3-(3-vinyl-1-imidazolio)-l-propanesulfonate(SBVI)with pentaerythritol triacrylate using methanol and tetrahydrofuran as the porogenic system.Notably,the duration for the preparation of this novel monolith was as little as 5 min,which was significantly shorter than that required for previously reported sulfobetaine-based monoliths prepared via conventional thermally initiated copolymerization.Moreover,these monoliths showed good morphology,permeability,porosity(62.4％),mechanical strength(over 15 MPa),column efficiency(51,230 plates/m),and reproducibility(relative standard deviations for all analytes were lower than 4.6％).Mechanistic studies indicated that strong hydrophilic and negative electrostatic interactions might be responsible for the retention of polar analytes on the zwitterionic SBVI-based monolith.In particular,the resulting monolith exhibited good anti-protein adhesion ability and low nonspecific protein adsorption.These excellent features seem to favor its application in bioanalysis.Therefore,the novel zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based monolith was successfully employed for the highly selective separation of small bioactive compounds and the efficient enrichment of N-glycopeptides from complex samples.In this study,we prepared a novel zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based monolith with good performance and developed a simpler and faster method for preparation of zwitterionic monoliths.

External apical root resorption is among the most common risks of orthodontic treatment, and it cannot be completely avoided and predicted. Risk factors causing orthodontic root resorption can generally be divided into patient- and treatment-related factors. Root resorption that occurs during orthodontic treatment is usually detected by radiographical examination. Mild or moderate root absorption usually does no obvious harm, but close attention is required. When severe root resorption occurs, it is generally recommended to suspend the treatment for 3 months for the cementum to be restored. To unify the risk factors of orthodontic root resorption and its clinical suggestions, we summarized the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of more than 20 authoritative experts in orthodontics and related fields in China. After discussion and summarization, this consensus was made to provide reference for orthodontic clinical practice.
Humans ; Tooth Movement Techniques/adverse effects* ; Root Resorption/etiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Cementum ; Risk Factors

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic methods of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA).Methods:The clinical data and coronary angiography of 32 patients confirmed by coronary angiography as coronary aneurysm in Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University and Shenzhen People′s Hospital were collected. They were followed up, and the different therapeutic methods were analyzed.Results:Thirty-two cases (1.8%) of coronary artery aneurysms were found in 1 778 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The main sites of coronary ectasia were right coronary artery, anterior descending branch and circumflex branch, and the left main branch was rare. Among the patients with coronary artery aneurysms, there were 25 patients with coronary artery stenosis. All the 32 patients were given anticoagulant, antiplatelet, improvement of coronary spasm and statin therapy, among whom 2 patients were treated with stent implantation and 6 patients were treated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and ligation of coronary aneurysm. During the follow-up (average 15 months) of 1 patient, acute myocardial infarction reoccurred, and coronary angiography indicated that the stenosed coronary segments after artery ectasia was occluded because of thromboembolism. In the remaining patients, there were no major cardiovascular events such as angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.Conclusions:Coronary artery aneurysm is not a rare heart disease. Coronary thromboembolism, thrombosis and vasospasm are the main causes of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antispasmodic drugs and suitable coronary artery bypass can significantly improve the clinical prognosis of patients with coronary artery aneurysm.

Liver metastasis is one of the main causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer. About 15%-25% of patients with colorectal cancer have synchronous liver metastasis at the initial diagnosis. With the development of new evidence and concept of surgery, there is a improvement in the understanding of the surgical treatment, transformation treatment, criteria of surgical resectability and prognosis of patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Based on latest progress, specialized multi-disciplinary team decides the best individualized treatment strategy. This paper reviews the current situation and progress of CRLM.