Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) possess a rich historical background, unique theoretical framework, remarkable therapeutic efficacy, and abundant resources. However, the modernization and internationalization of TCMs have faced significant obstacles due to their diverse ingredients and unknown mechanisms. To gain deeper insights into the phytochemicals and ensure the quality control of TCMs, there is an urgent need to enhance analytical techniques. Currently, two-dimensional (2D) chromatography, which incorporates two independent separation mechanisms, demonstrates superior separation capabilities compared to the traditional one-dimensional (1D) separation system when analyzing TCMs samples. Over the past decade, new techniques have been continuously developed to gain actionable insights from complex samples. This review presents the recent advancements in the application of multidimensional chromatography for the quality evaluation of TCMs, encompassing 2D-gas chromatography (GC), 2D-liquid chromatography (LC), as well as emerging three-dimensional (3D)-GC, 3D-LC, and their associated data-processing approaches. These studies highlight the promising potential of multidimensional chromatographic separation for future phytochemical analysis. Nevertheless, the increased separation capability has resulted in higher-order data sets and greater demands for data-processing tools. Considering that multidimensional chromatography is still a relatively nascent research field, further hardware enhancements and the implementation of chemometric methods are necessary to foster its robust development.

Objective To establish an early prediction model for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis based on the improved machine learning models,and to analyze its clinical value.Methods A case-control study was conducted on 352 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Surgery Departments of the Army Medical Center of PLA and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Department of No.945 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2014 to August 2023.According to the severity of the disease,the patients were divided into the severe group(n=88)and the non-severe group(n=264).The RUSBoost model and improved Archimead optimization algorithm was used to analyze 39 routine laboratory biochemical indicators within 48 h after admission to construct an early diagnosis and prediction model for severe acute pancreatitis.The task of feature screening and hyperparameter optimization was completed simultaneously.The ReliefF algorithm feature importance rank and multivariate logistic analysis were used to analyze the value of the selected features.Results In the training set,the area under curve(AUC)of the improved machine learning model was 0.922.In the testing set,the AUC of the improved machine learning model reached 0.888.The 4 key features of predicting severe acute pancreatitis based on the improved Archimedes optimization algorithm were C-reactive protein,blood chlorine,blood magnesium and fibrinogen level,which were consistent with the results of ReliefF algorithm feature importance ranking and multivariate logistic analysis.Conclusion The application of improved machine learning model analyzing the laboratory examination results can help to early predict the occurrence of severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of circular RNA(circRNA)has_circ_0003304(circAZIN1)in regulating chondrocyte degeneration in osteoarthritis(OA).Methods Gene chip was used to detect the expression level of circRNA during the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-de-rived stem cells(hADSC).The circAZIN1 was further screened through the chondrocyte inflammation model constructed with interleukin-β(IL-β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)from the top 10 circRNAs with the most differentiated expression detected by gene chip.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain re-action PCR(qPCR)was used to detect the effect of circAZIN1 overexpression(transfected with pcDNA3.1-circAZIN1-EF1-ZsGreen plasmid)on the metabolism of chondrocyte extracellular matrix(ECM).RNA-Pull down test was conducted to detect the protein bound by circAZIN1,miRNA-circRNA Interactions predicted the microRNAs(miRNAs)and their sites that circAZIN1 may be sponge-adsorbed,further TargetMiner,miRDB and TargetScan databases were applied to predict miRNAs which circAZIN1 may sponge-adsorbed.circAZIN1,miRNA and downstream mRNA were detected to find whether there was mirror regulation phe-nomenon after overexpression of miRNA.Results CircAZIN1 had the most significant differential expression during the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSC(day 3 and day 21)and in the chondrocyty inflammation model constructed by IL-β,TNF-α(day 3 group vs.day 21 group,the conttrol group vs.the IL-β group,the control group vs.the TNF-α group).Overexpression of circAZIN1 could promote the ECM synthesis in chon-drocytes and inhibit its decomposition.RNA-Pull down test result showed that circAZIN1 obviously bound AGO2 protein,suggesting that circAZIN1 had a high possibility of sponge adsorbing miRNAs.Further data-base predicted that its downstream was hsa-miR-654-3p,and the downstream mRNA of hsa-miR-654-3p was CACNA1I.After the overexpression of hsa-miR-654-3p,qPCR test found that circAZIN1,hsa-miR-654-3p and CACNA1I had a mirror image regulation phenomenon.Conclusion circAZIN1 inhibits the silencing effect of CACNA1I through sponge adsorption of hsa-miR-654-3p and thus plays a role in inhibiting chondrocyte de-generation,which provides a reference for the study of the regulatory mechanism of circRNA in the develop-ment of OA.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shenling Weixiao capsules combined with XELOX(oxaliplatin+capecitabine)chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of patients with spleen-qi deficient colorectal cancer.Methods Eighty patients with spleen-qi deficient colorectal cancer treated at the Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM·Hebei from January 2020 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into the control group and the observation group by using the random number table,with 40 patients in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with XELOX regimen,and the patients in the observation group were treated XELOX regimen and Shenling Weixiao capsules.The patients in both groups were treated for 4 treatment cycles,with 21 days as one treatment cycle.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of patients in the two groups was evaluated according to the evaluation criteria in solid tumors,and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score was recorded.The quality of life of patients in the two groups was assessed by using the functional assessment of cancer theraphy-colorectal(V4.0).Serum levels of tumor markers like squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC-Ag),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),and carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)were measured by using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Serum levels of inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+T lymphocyte subpopulations in blood were detected by using the flow cytometry,and the CD4+/CD8+ratio was calculated.The incidence of adverse reactions was recorded.Results The overall effective rate of patients in the observation group[75.0％(30/40)]was significantly higher than that of patients in the control group[52.5％(21/40)](x2=4.381,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the TCM syndrome score and the quality of life score between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with before treatment,there was a significant decrease in the TCM symptom score and a significant increase in the quality of life score in the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the TCM symptom score of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the quality of life score was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in serum SCC-Ag,CEA and CA199 levels of patients between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with before treatment,the serum SCC-Ag,CEA and CA199 levels of patients in the two groups were significantly reduced after treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the serum SCC-Ag,CEA and CA199 levels of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,CRP and VEGF of patients between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with before treatment,the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,CRP and VEGF of patients were significantly reduced in the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,CRP and VEGF of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the CD3+,CD4+and CD8+levels and the CD4+/CD8+ratio of patients between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with before treatment,the CD3+and CD4+levels and the CD4+/CD8+ratio of patients increased and the CD8+level decreased in the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).The CD3+and CD4+levels and the CD4+/CD8+ratio were significantly higher and the CD8+level was significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group after treatment(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group and observation group was 32.50％(13/40)and 12.50％(5/40),respectively,and the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(x2=4.588,P=0.032).Conclusion Shenling Weixiao capsules combined with XELOX chemotherapy regimen can improve clinical symptoms,reduce inflammatory responses,and enhance the immune function of patients with spleen-qi deficient colorectal cancer.

‍Liver failure is a serious clinical syndrome of liver disease with critical condition and high mortality， and besides liver transplantation， there is still a lack of satisfactory radical treatment methods. The pathogenesis of liver failure is complex and remains unclear， involving a variety of factors that affect the balance of hepatocyte necrosis and regeneration. This article summarizes autophagy as the key pathway for maintaining cell homeostasis and points out that autophagy plays an important protective role in the pathogenesis of liver failure by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation， reducing oxidative stress， and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Meanwhile， it is believed that the molecular signaling pathways targeting autophagy， such as exosomes and peroxisome proliferator－activated receptor α， participate in antagonizing the development and progression of liver failure and will become important ideas and directions for molecular targeted therapies for liver failure.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term outcome of Viabahn stent graft in the treatment of complex femoropopliteal occlusive lesions.Methods:From Sep 2013 to Mar 2020, clinical data of TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions treated with Viabahn were retrospectively analyzed. Patency rates, the freedom rate from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (F-TLR), limb salvage and survival after five years were calculated.Results:A total of 65 patients (67 lower limbs) were included. 20 limbs were TASC C lesions, 47 limbs were TASC D lesions. The mean lesion length was (29.1±9.4) cm, including 48 chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions (71.6%) with mean lesion length of (26.1±10.4) cm. Technique success rate was 98.6%. Mean length of stent graft was (31.3±10.1) cm.Major amputation was performed in 4.2% cases within 5 years. All-cause mortality in 5 years was 23.1%. Primary patency rates at 1,3,and 5 years were 76.8%,59.4%,50.9%, Assisted primary patency rates were 88.4%, 83.4%, 83.4% and secondary patency rates were 88.4%, 85.8%, and 85.8% . F-TLR at 1, 3 and 5 year was 88.2%,76.9%,73.1% .Conclusion:Viabahn for complex and long femoropopliteal artery occlusions is an acceptable treatment with fair long-term outcome.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of endoluminal treatment of complex renal artery aneurysm (RAA).Methods:The clinical data and follow-up results of 19 patients with complex RAA admitted to Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from November 2014 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Two patients were treated with simple spring coil embolization into the aneurysmal artery, 14 patients were treated with simple spring coil embolization of the aneurysmal cavity, and 3 patients were treated with stent-assisted + spring coil embolization technique. Based on the location of the aneurysm, RAA were classified into type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ. 7 patients with type Ⅰ, 10 patients with type Ⅱ, and 2 patients with type Ⅲ were studied. Variance analysis was used to compare the differences in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) of the affected side when the tumor was located at different locations, and Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between the number of coils implanted and the size of the tumor and GFR.Results:Ten of the 19 patients who were underwent successful endoluminal intervention. The average size of the patients′ aneurysms was (20.89±6.65) mm, and the average number of spring coils implanted was 8.22±3.08. The preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine were in the normal range, and no RAA tumor enlargement or recurrence was found during the follow-up period. The postoperative GFR was abnormal in patients with type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ renal aneurysms, and the mean GFR value differed among the three types of patients( P=0.003). There was a negative correlation between the postoperative GFR values of the affected kidney and the number of spring coils implanted ( P=0.047), and no significant relationship between GFR and aneurysm size. Conclusion:The endovascular technique is an effective and safe means of treating complex RAA.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) with paclitaxel in the treatment of femoropopliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO).Methods:From Dec 2016 to Dec 2018, clinical data of femoropopliteal artery disease patients treated with paclitaxel DCB in Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 83 patients (95 lower limbs) underwent DCB therapy. Including 50 chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions (52.6%) with mean lesion length of (18.35±10.61) cm. Twenty-four lesions (25.3%) were moderately or severely calcified. Bail-out stent implantation was performed in 29.5% cases. The mean follow-up time was 17.5 months. Twelve months after intervention, the all-cause mortality rate was 6.0%, the major amputation rate was 4.3%, the primary patency rate was 60.6%, the primary assisted patency rate was 72.4%, the secondary patency rate was 83.4%, and the freedom rate from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization(F-TLR) was 77.0%. Moderate to severe calcification was an independent risk factor for the primary patency of DCB therapy.Conclusion:DCB is a safe and effective endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal artery disease.

Objective:To observe the effect of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) combined with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and the impacts on serum interleukin-8 (IL-8), CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10).Methods:From July 2014 to May 2017, 60 patients with LDH were randomly divided into two groups according to the random digital table method, with 30 patients in each group.The combination group was given RFTC combined with PRF therapy, while the PRF group was given single foraminal nerve PRF therapy.The visual analogue scale (VAS), the curative effect score of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed in the two groups before treatment, 7 days after treatment and 3 months after treatment.The serum levels of IL-8, CXCL10 were determined simultaneously.Results:After treatment, the VAS score and ODI in the two groups were decreased(VAS score: t=12.14, 27.85, all P<0.05; ODI: PRF group t=4.932, 7.414, all P<0.05; combination group t=4.235, 9.706, all P<0.05), and the JOA scores increased(PRF group: t=5.329, 7.576, all P<0.05; combination group: t=5.980, 9.526, all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in VAS score, JOA score and ODI between the two groups at 3 months after treatment( t=7.329, 5.719, 2.255, all P<0.05), which of the combination group after treatmentwere superior to the PRF group (all P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-8 in the two groups after treatment were decreased (PRF group: t=3.621, 4.631, all P<0.05; combination group: t=3.393, 5.370, all P<0.05), and the CXCL10 levels in the two groups after treatment were increased(PRF group: t=2.251, 3.559, all P<0.05; combination group: t=3.393, 5.370, all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in IL-8, CXCL10 levels between the two groups at 3 months after treatment, and the regulation of IL-8 and CXCL10 levels in the combination group was significantly better than those in the PRF group ( t=20258, 2.237, all P<0.05). Conclusion:RFTC combined with PRF is effective in the treatment of LDH, which can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms, reduce the inflammatory response and has a lasting efficacy.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mental rotation in stroke patients and the relationship between mental rotation and visual-spatial cognitive function. Methods From March, 2012 to October, 2013, 30 stroke patients were selected as experimental group and 30 healthy subjects as control group. They were tested with hand mental rotation task, and assessed with visuospatial abilities from Mon-treal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results The reaction time of hand mental rotation task was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group (F=95.6, P<0.001). The reaction time was longer with the increase of rotation angle in both groups, and was the longest as 180° of rotation (F=345.672, P<0.001). The response accuracy rate of hand mental rotation task was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (F=6.444, P<0.05). The response accuracy rate was lower with the increase of rotation angle in both groups, and was the least as 180° of rotation (F=102.911, P<0.001). The reaction time negatively correlated with the score of visuospa-tial abilities, while the response accuracy rate positively correlated with it in the stroke patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental rotation ability is impaired in stroke patients, however, the respondent pattern is similar to healthy people. The mental rotation ability is correlated with visual-spatial cognitive functions in stroke patients.