Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Qingruxiao granules combined with tamoxifen in the treatment of breast hyperplasia and its effect on serum hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-α), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and prolactin (PRL) levels. Methods:Ninety-eight patients with breast hyperplasia admitted to Xi'an No.3 Hospital from June 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively included in this study. They were divided into control and observation groups ( n = 49/group) according to different treatments. The control group was treated with tamoxifen alone. The observation group was treated with Qingruxiao granules combined with tamoxifen. Clinical efficacy, symptom score, ultrasound parameters (glandular layer thickness, longest diameter of mass, maximum diameter of hypoechoic area, inner diameter of lactating tube), endocrine hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin), HIF-α, and Ang-2 pre- and post-treatment, as well as the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:Total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [93.88% (4/49) vs. 77.55%, χ2 = 5.33, P < 0.05). After treatment, breast mass score, breast pain, systemic accompanying symptom, and nipple discharge in the observation group were (1.34 ± 0.29) points, (1.02 ± 0.36) points, (0.68 ± 0.17) points, (0.97 ± 0.15) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (1.57 ± 0.23) points, (1.45 ± 0.41) points, (0.95 ± 0.26) points, and (1.28 ± 0.26) points, respectively, in the control group ( t = 4.35, 5.52, 6.08, 7.23, all P < 0.001). The glandular layer thickness, the longest diameter of mass, the maximum diameter of hypoechoic area, and the inner diameter of lactating duct in the observation group were (9.45 ± 1.67) mm, (11.46 ± 3.68) mm, (14.37 ± 4.22) mm, and (1.23 ± 0.39) mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than (11.26 ± 2.51) mm, (16.33 ± 4.01) mm, (19.87 ± 5.01) mm, (1.54 ± 0.48) mm in the control group ( t = 4.20, 2.26, 5.88, 3.51, all P < 0.001). Serum estradiol and prolactin levels in the observation group were (122.35 ± 29.76) ng/L and (205.64 ± 36.42) IU/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (139.76 ± 30.48) ng/L and (251.49 ± 41.87) IU/L in the control group ( t = 2.86, 5.78, both P < 0.05). Serum progesterone level in the observation group was (9.22 ± 1.57) μg/L, which was significantly higher than (7.18 ± 1.21) μg/L in the control group ( t = -7.20, P < 0.05). Serum HIF-α and Ang-2 levels in the observation group were (0.15 ± 0.05) ng/L and (0.98 ± 0.11) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (0.24 ± 0.07) ng/L and (1.49 ± 0.22) ng/L in the control group ( t = 7.32, 14.51, both P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Qingruxiao granules combined with tamoxifen can effectively improve clinical symptoms, reduce tumor size, regulate endocrine hormone levels, decrease the expression of angiogenic factors in patients with breast hyperplasia, and is highly safe.

The neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (Hand2) is one of the most important transcription factors in the basic helix-hoop-helix (bHLH) protein family. It is expressed in a variety of organ tissues, which regulates the differentiation of multiple stem cells into end cells. Endometrial carcinoma is one of the three major reproductive system tumors that pose a serious threat to women's health, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Recent studies have shown that the Hand2 gene is a kind of methylation hotspot in endometrial carcinoma, which is closely related to the development of endometrial carcinoma. This review describes the progress of Hand2 gene in endometrial cancer.

Objective To study the effect of menopause status and the time of taking tamoxifen (TAM) on endometrial lesions after breast cancer surgery. Methods A total of 330 patients with postoperative vaginal irregular bleeding after breast cancer surgery or endometrial lesions after B ultrasonic from August 2007 to August 2017 in Northern Jiangsu People 's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 180 cases of taking TAM treatment (medicine-taking group), and 150 cases of not taking TAM treatment (non medicine-taking group). The patients were also divided into the menopause group and the premenopausal group. According to the time of taking TAM, the patients were divided into < 2 years group, 2-5 years group and > 5 years group. Chi-square and Fisher test were used to compare the differences. Results The endometrial lesions incidence in the medicine-taking group was higher than that in the non medicine-taking group [84.44 ％ (152/180) vs. 56.00％(84/150);χ2=51.701, P=0.000]. The endometrial lesions rate in the menopause group was higher than that in the premenopause group [medicine-taking group: 69.70 ％ (46/66) vs. 92.98 ％ (106/114), χ2= 17.254, P= 0.000; non medicine-taking group: 46.15 ％ (35/65) vs. 63.53 ％(54/85), χ2 = 4.513, P= 0.034]. For the patients in the menopause group and the premenopause group, the incidence of endometrial lesions for those who took medicine for>5 years [96.00％(48/50), 85.19％(23/27)] was higher than that in the<2 years group and 2-5 years group [78.26％(18/23), 42.86％(6/14);95.12％(39/41), 72.00％(18/25) respectively], and there were statistical differences (χ2=7.619, P=0.022;χ2= 8.070, P= 0.018). The menopause was not correlated with staging, muscular lawyer infiltration and lymph metastasis postoperative (P> 0.05), but with the type of endometrial cancer (P= 0.013); the length of taking medicine was related with the type of endometrial cancer and the lymph metastasis (P=0.027). With the prolonged time of medicine-taking for postmenopause patients, the incidence of type Ⅱendometrial cancer and positive rate of lymph metastasis were also increased. Conclusions Taking TAM after surgery for breast cancer patients increases the risk of endometrial lesions. The longer the patients take the medicine, the greater risk of the lesions take, and the worse the pathological, histological type and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are, which is more obvious for postmenopausal women who take TAM for more than 5 years.

Objective To investigate the possible routes of mother-to-infant transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV) during pregnancy and its influence on fetuses and infants.Methods A total of 175 HPV-positive pregnant women were selected as study group and 344 HPV-negative pregnant women in the same period were as control group.The pregnant outcomes and neonatal infection rates of two groups were studied.Results The rate of HPV infection in the study group was 6.86％ (12/175).There were no significant difference in HPV detection rate regarding amniotic fluid,placenta,postpartum milk,neonatal umbilical cord blood and throat secretion in the study group by vaginal delivery and cesarean section.The outcomes of HPV-positive pregnancy such as spontaneous abortion,premature delivery,premature rupture of fetal membrane,limited fetal growth,and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the study group than that of the control group.The rupture of membranes time was related to the neonatal infection of HPV.Conclusion The transmission of HPV in mother-to-child transmission cannot be completely avoided by delivery modes.It can also be transmitted vertically through the cord blood,blood,amniotic fluid and placenta,and horizontally by breast feeding.

Objective To investigate the possible routes of mother-to-infant transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV) during pregnancy and its influence on fetuses and infants.Methods A total of 175 HPV-positive pregnant women were selected as study group and 344 HPV-negative pregnant women in the same period were as control group.The pregnant outcomes and neonatal infection rates of two groups were studied.Results The rate of HPV infection in the study group was 6.86％ (12/175).There were no significant difference in HPV detection rate regarding amniotic fluid,placenta,postpartum milk,neonatal umbilical cord blood and throat secretion in the study group by vaginal delivery and cesarean section.The outcomes of HPV-positive pregnancy such as spontaneous abortion,premature delivery,premature rupture of fetal membrane,limited fetal growth,and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the study group than that of the control group.The rupture of membranes time was related to the neonatal infection of HPV.Conclusion The transmission of HPV in mother-to-child transmission cannot be completely avoided by delivery modes.It can also be transmitted vertically through the cord blood,blood,amniotic fluid and placenta,and horizontally by breast feeding.

Objective To select the largest non-toxic leaching solution concentration through the experimental observation of the cytotoxicity of the ostrich acellular corneal stromal leaching solution to the Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts cells(CHL) for the further chromosome distortion experiment.Methods The leaching solution made from the ostrich acellular corneal stromal material was diluted with concentrate of 1 ∶ 2,1 ∶ 4 and the original concentration were used to culture with the CHL cells,the negative and positive control were also set up at the same time,to evaluate the impact on cell growth after 24 hour by MTT colorimetric method.Results The leaching solution diluted with 1∶4 was non-toxic,and could promote the growth of the cells.Conclusion Combined with the results of classification and cell morphological features,this cytotoxicity test can be used to screen the best benchmark non-toxic concentrations for the chromosome aberration test of the CHL cells.

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of carbon nanoparticles on central lymphnode dis -section in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) .Methods 72 PTC patients were randomly divided into two groups:carbon nanoparticle group(n=32)and the control group(n=32).Patients in the carbon nanoparticle group were injected with carbon nanoparticles during surgery .Patients in the control group had conventional surgery .The number of lymph nodes being dissected ,lymph node metastasis , and the rate of hypoparathyroidism were compared between the two groups .Results The number of lymph nodes dissected in nanoparticle group ( n =312 ) was much bigger than that in the control group (n=189)(P<0.01;t=8.476).The incidence of hypoparathyroidism in nanoparticle group(n=1)was much lower than that in the control group (n=8)(P<0.05;χ2 =4.571).The metastasis of lymph nodes has no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.01;χ2 =1.048).Conclu-sions The lymphatic tracer technique may improve the number of lymph nodes dissected in central region of PTC and reduce parathyroid gland damage .

Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroid carc-er surgery.Methods 346 cases of thyroid carcer patients undergoing surgery from Jan .2013 to Dec.2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed .Results 129 cases developed hepocalcemia after thyroid surgery .Among the related factors that may cause postoperative hypocalcemia , the scope of surgery , parathyroid injury and secondary surgery might play important roles .Conclusions The inci-dence of postoperative hypocalcaemia is high after total thyroidectomy .Patients with reoperation and lymph node dissection have an increased rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia .In order to reduce hypocalcaemia incidence ,sur-gons need to protect parathyroid blood supply in thyroid surgery and give calcium after surgery .

Background Ostrich acellular corneal stroma possesses a similar constitution to human corneal stroma,so it is expected to become one of ideal biological corneal carriers.Objective This study was to investigate the immunogenicity of acellular stroma carrier of ostrich cornea and offer the information for the development of industrialization and clinical use of acellular stroma carrier of ostrich cornea.Methods Twenty fresh ostrich eyeballs and 20 porcine eyeballs were collected.Acellular corneal stroma carriers of ostriches and pigs were prepared using low temperature freezing joint enzyme digestion method and desiccant dehydration method and sterilized by cobalt-60 irradiation.The corneal stroma carriers were preserved using drying and dehydration method.Forty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group,ostrich acellular corneal stroma group and porcine acellular corneal stroma group.Acellular corneal stroma carriers of ostriches and pigs(wet weight after rewatering was 10 mg/piece) were subcutaneously implanted to the back of BALB/c mice,respectively.Wound healing and inflammatory response on the operative site were observed,and phenotype and activating rate of CD4+,CD8+ and CD25+in peripheral blood of mice were dynamically detected 7,14 and 28 days after ectopically implantation of heterogeneous corneal stroma by immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry analysis.Results No swelling and exudation were seen in the skin of operative site of the mice with a good healing of wound after surgery.There were no significant differences in the activating rates of CD4+,CD8+ and CD25+ cells in the peripheral blood of mice among the sham operation group,the porcine acellular corneal stroma group and ostrich acellular corneal stroma group in the three time points after surgery(CD4+:F=0.74,P=0.50;F=0.39,P=0.05;F=3.46,P=0.58.CD8+:F=1.75,P=0.21 ;F=1.14,P=0.35;F=0.78,P=0.48.CD25+:F=0.52,P=0.61 ;F=3.53,P=0.62;F=2.42,P=0.13).Conclusions The ostrich acellular heterogeneous corneal stroma carrier possesses low immunogenicity.It is inferred that ostrich acellular corneal stroma carrier can be used in heterogeneous corneal transplantation.

This study examined the effect of MMP9 gene on the biological behaviors of trophoblasts and explore the relation between MMP9 gene and the "superficial implantation of placenta". In vitro cultured trophoblasts (TEV-1 cells) were transfected with synthesized double-stranded MMP9 RNA (siRNA) by using lipofectamine2000™ technique and the expressions of MMP9 mRNA and protein and the growth and invasiveness of the TEV-1 cells were determined. Our results showed that siRNA transfection could significantly inhibit the expression of MMP9 gene in the TEV-1 cells and the growth and invasiveness of the TEV-1 cells transfected RNA was significantly reduced (P<0.01). We are led to conclude that silencing of MMP9 gene with siRNA can inhibit the growth and invasiveness of trophoblasts and increasing the expression of MMP9 might help prevent and treat preeclampsia.