ObjectiveBased on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques， to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Renshen Wuweizi Tang in treating spleen-lung Qi deficiency syndrome. MethodsThe chemical components in the decoction of Renshen Wuweizi Tang were systematically characterized and identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS， and network pharmacology was used to screen potential active ingredients， collect component targets and gene sets related to spleen-lung Qi deficiency syndrome， and obtain protein interaction relationships through STRING. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct a "formula-syndrome" association network and calculate topological feature values. Gene ontology（GO） function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed on core genes to explore potential pharmacodynamic links， the average shortest path between the formula-drug target network and the pharmacodynamic link gene network was calculated to discover dominant pharmacodynamic links， and MCODE plugin was used to identify core gene clusters from the dominant pharmacodynamic links， which were validated using Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）， and molecular docking was performed between key components and core targets. ResultsOne hundred and thirty-seven components were identified in the negative ion mode， and eighty components were identified in the positive ion mode. After deduplication， a total of 185 components were identified， mainly composed of triterpenoid saponins（49） and flavonoids（54）. Based on the "formula-syndrome" correlation network analysis， energy metabolism was determined to be the dominant pharmacodynamic link of Renshen Wuweizi Tang in the treatment of spleen-lung Qi deficiency syndrome. The results of molecular docking showed that 7 components（adenosine， atractylenolide Ⅱ， atractylenolide Ⅲ， ginsenoside Rg₁， glycyrrhizin B₂， glycyrrhizin E₂ and campesterol） from 4 medicinal materials（Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Poria） in this formula might regulate energy metabolism by acting on 6 targets， namely cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein 1（CREB1）， glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase（GAPDH）， interleukin（IL）-6， nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB1， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα）， and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）， thus improving the symptoms of diseases related to spleen-lung Qi deficiency syndrome. ConclusionThis study established a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for rapid characterization and identification of chemical components in the decoction of Renshen Wuweizi Tang， expanding the understanding of the material composition of this formula， and found that 7 components might act on the key advantageous pharmacodynamic link "energy metabolism" through 6 targets to improve the related symptoms of spleen-lung Qi deficiency syndrome. This can provide a reference for the subsequent exploration of the material benchmark and mechanism of the famous classical formula.

OBJECTIVE To explore the specific application and evaluation effect of objective structured clinical examination(OSCE)-guided scenario-based practical teaching mode in training clinical pharmacists. METHODS Fifty-six trainees who participated in the clinical pharmacist training program in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from October 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the research objects. OSCE-guided teaching was conducted, and the application effect of OSCE-guided teaching mode in clinical pharmacist training was explored and analyzed by using theoretical examination results and OSCE assessment results as evaluation indicators. RESULTS Through comparative analysis, it was found that the OSCE-guided teaching mode not only enabled students to better grasp the theoretical knowledge points required by the training outline, but also improved their clinical thinking ability, problem-solving ability, and communication and coordination skills to varying degrees. CONCLUSION For clinical pharmacist trainees, the OSCE teaching mode is conducive to the comprehensive improvement of clinical pharmacist skills and is suitable for cultivating clinical pharmacists who are capable of independently carrying out clinical pharmacy services in the new situation.

Synthetic cannabinoids(SCs)are synthetic psychoactive substances that can pose a public health risk.The SCs are structurally variable and susceptible to structural modification.The rapid emergence of structurally unknown synthetic cannabinoids has led to new challenges in their identification.In recent years,machine learning has made great progress and has been widely applied to other fields,providing new strategies for the identification of unknown synthetic cannabinoids and the inference of possible sources.This paper describes the principles of commonly used machine learning methods and the application of machine learning techniques to mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,metabolomics and quantitative conformational relationships of synthetic cannabinoids,aiming to provide new ideas for the identification of unknown synthetic cannabinoids.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Objective To explore the toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum alcohol extract on 3D hepatospheres.Methods Variations in culture conditions and cell ratios were implemented,followed by the assessment of cell sphere diameter,density,and roundness,aiming to explore the optimal culture conditions.The 3D hepatocyte spheres were divided into control group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups.The experimental-L,-M,-H groups were treated with 0.25,1.00 and 2.50 mg·mL-1 Polygounm multiforum alcohol extract,and the control group was given the same amount of culture medium.The cell viability of the cell spheroids was tested by CellTiter-Glo reagent,the expression level of liver function related genes was detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qRCR).The toxicity of cell spheres was detected by double fluorescent staining of living and dead cells.Results The ideal culture condition of cell sphere was 500 cells per micropore,and the cell ratio was HepG2-Huvec-LX-2=8∶1∶1.It displayed the values of 0.91±0.07 for circularity,0.91±0.02 for firmness,1.12±0.14 for aspect ratio,and(170.97±14.79)μm for diameter.On the 3rd,7th,10th and 14th days,the expression levels of albumin(ALB)mRNA were 1.00±0.02,0.96±0.02,0.54±0.07,0.52±0.07,and the expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A2(CYP1A2)mRNA were 1.00±0.10,2.15±0.16,2.45±0.33,1.30±0.03,respectively.The expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 2(MPR2)in the control group and the experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 1.00±0.31,1.38±0.24,1.48±0.06 and 1.90±0.08,respectively;spheroid viability were(98.19±0.49)％,(88.53±0.90)％,(71.60±2.91)％and(56.65±5.41)％.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the experimental-L,-M,-H groups and the control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The established hepatocyte sphere co-culture model showed varying degrees of expression of phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ drug metabolism enzymes,transporters,and liver cell specific marker molecule albumin and can be used to evaluate the toxicity of multiflorum multiflorum,which provides further reference for the clinical application of multiflorum multiflorum.

ObjectiveA rapid method for identification of chemical constituents in Baoyuantang reference sample was established in order to clarify the material basis of this formula. MethodBased on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） and self-established database information， the chemical components in Baoyuantang were systematically characterized and identified. The chromatography was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 2%-19%B； 3-8 min， 19%B； 8-8.1 min， 19%-22%B； 8.1-14 min， 22%-29%B； 14-16 min， 29%B； 16-32 min， 29%-45%B； 32-32.1 min， 45%-90%B； 32.1-35 min， 90%-95%B； 35-36 min， 95%-98%B； 36-37 min， 98%-2%B； 37-40 min， 2%B）. Based on electrospray ionization（ESI）， continuum data format was collected in both positive and negative ion modes with a scanning range of m/z 50-1 500. Chemical constituents in the decoction of Baoyuantang were systematically analyzed by UNIFI 1.9.4 software matching， control comparison， The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine（ETCM） database search and literature reports. ResultA total of 229 components were identified under negative ion mode and 181 under positive ion mode， with a total of 322 components after removing duplicates， including 116 triterpene saponins， 66 flavonoids， 19 organic acids， 6 gingerphenols， 6 gingerols， 5 gingerones， 10 amino acids， 7 saccharides， 5 coumarins and 82 other components. Among them， 83， 141， 39， 35 and 38 components were attributed to Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， respectively. ConclusionIn this study， the rapid characterization and identification of multi-class components in Baoyuantang was realized， and it was confirmed that the material basis of this formula was mainly triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， gingerols and organic acids， and the chemical composition was attributed and analyzed， which provided a reference for the subsequent quality control research.

A 31P-quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance(qNMR)method was established for simultaneous determination of sodium α-glycerophosphate,sodium β-glycerophosphate and phosphoric acid in concentrated divitamins and sodium phosphate syrup.The qNMR experimental conditions were optimized,including hexamethylphosphoramide as internal standard,20%deuterium oxide solution as solvent,zgig pulse sequence,delay time of 30 s,and scan number of 64.The 31P-NMR peaks atδ29.80 of hexamethylphosphoramide,δ0.69 of sodiumα-glycerophosphate,δ0.17 of sodiumβ-glycerophosphate andδ0.03 of phosphoric acid were chosen as the quantitative peaks(pH of the test solution was around 4.8).Method validation was performed in terms of precision(Relative standard deviation less than 0.6%),linearity(Correlative coefficient greater than 0.999),limit of detection(23.58 μg/mL for sodium glycerophosphate and 11.61 μg/mL for phosphoric acid)and limit of quantitation(78.60 μg/mL for sodium glycerophosphate and 38.70 μg/mL for phosphoric acid).The recoveries were 99.8%?103.2%,and relative standard deviations were 0.41%?1.98%.The results showed that the reliability of 31P-qNMR method were suitable for its intended use.Seven batches of concentrated divitamins and sodium phosphate syrups were tested by the established method,of which the total phosphorus content was consistent with that of colorimetry method,but the content of sodium glycerophosphate(Sum ofαtype andβtype)was relatively low,about 82%of the labeled amount.The content of phosphoric acid was high.This method simplified sample pretreatment and had high specificity,and was more suitable for determination and quality control of concentrated divitamins and sodium phosphate syrup.

Objective:To understand the status, evaluation methods and risk factors of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer, in order to provide reference for the construction of follow-up intervention programs.Methods:This scoping review was conducted under the Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia guidelines. Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Chinese and English literature was screened and summarized from inception to September 21, 2023.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, and the economic toxicity of patients with head and neck cancer was more serious.The evaluation methods were mainly divided into scale evaluation and database data calculation. The risk factors of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer included three aspects: demographic factors such as young age, low education and low income; disease and treatment-related factors such as tumor location in larynx/hypopharynx, current/past use of tube feeding, advanced tumor/distant metastasis; social support factors such as insufficient social security, and so on.Conclusions:Future studies should pay more attention to economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer, standardize the selection of assessment tools to reduce heterogeneity, and develop individualized intervention measures for the risk factors of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer, in order to reduce the occurrence of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective To compare and analyze the clinical outcomes of the ortho-bridge system(OBS)and the proximal humeral internal locking system(PHILOS)for the treatment of humeral surgical neck fractures(HSNF)in the elderly.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 elderly patients with HSNF admitted to our hospital.Patients were divided into the two groups based on different surgical methods,among which 30 patients treated with OBS were included into the OBS group and 50 patients treated with PHILOS were included into the PHILOS group.The operation indicators,postoperative recovery indicators,serum bone metabolism indexes[osteocalcin(OCN),N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ precollagen(PINP)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],callus score,shoulder joint function scores[Constant-Murley scale(CMS)score and Neer score],and incidence of complications of the two groups were compared.Results The operation time in the OBS group was longer than that in the PHILOS group,and the fracture healing time was shorter than that in the PHILOS group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum OCN,PINP,and ALP 1 month and 3 months after surgery in the OBS group were higher than those in the PHILOS group(P＜0.05).The callus scores 1 month,2 months,and 3 months after surgery in the OBS group were higher than those in the PHILOS group(P＜0.05).The CMS and Neer scores 1 month and 3 months after surgery in the OBS group were higher than those in the PHILOS group(P＜0.05).The incisions of patients in the two groups recovered well after surgery,achieving gradeⅠ healing without complications such as wound infection or nonunion.Conclusion Compared with PHILOS,the application of OBS in the treatment of elderly patients with HSNF has a better short-term clinical outcome,and can promote fracture healing.

Objective To analyze the distribution of carbapenem-resistant strains and the transmission mode of resistance genes in the bacteria strains from urinary system of the individuals outside hospitals,and further explore the impacts of the antibiotics with different antibacterial mechanisms on the conjugation transfer of resistant plasmids.Methods The imipenem-resistant strains from 991 non-re-petitive urine samples of healthy individuals were screened for determining the carbapenem-resistance genotypes.Using the multilocus sequence typing(MLST)method,the main carbapenem-resistant strains were classified to determine the phylogenetic relationship be-tween different sequence types(STs)and reveal the transmission mode of resistance genes in the individuals outside hospitals.The conjugation experiment was used to analyze the effects of different sub-inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,and genta-micin on the conjugation efficiency of resistant plasmids in the bacteria of donor and/or recipient at different times.Results A total of 18 non-repetitive carbapenem-resistant strains(1.82％,18/991)were detected in healthy individuals outside hospitals,among which Escherichia coli(E.coli)(44.44％,8/18)was the main strain with main genotype being blaKPC-2(7/8).MLST showed that the 7 strains of E.coli with blaKPC-2 genotype belonged to ST-10,ST-101,ST-131,ST-405,ST-410,ST-1193,and ST-2562,respectively.Homologous clustering analysis showed that the type of the 7 E.coli strains exhibited high diversity.The range of joint efficiency was(1.59±0.20)× 10-4 to(4.01±1.31)× 10-4.The highest conjugation efficiency was observed in the donor bacteria treated with 1/8 of MIC of antibiotics for 9 hours,and the conjugation efficiency most significantly increased compared to the group without antibiotic treat-ment.Three antibiotics with different mechanisms of action could all improve conjugation efficiency,among which ampicillin exhibited the most significant improvement.Conclusion In this study,the genotype of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC)was mainly blaKPC-2 with a main mode of horizontal transmission.Antibiotics with sub-inhibitory concentrations could promote the conjugation transfer of the resistant plasmid.There may be significant differences in the effects of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action and different antibiotic stress conditions on the conjugation efficiency.