ObjectiveTo investigate the influenza virus infection status of influenza-like illness (ILI) at a sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai, to explore the seasonal patterns of influenza, so as to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in Baoshan District of Shanghai. MethodsSurveillance data and pathogenic testing results of ILI from the monitoring year of 2015 to 2023 were collected from the sentinel hospital to describe the seasonal epidemic characteristics of influenza in this district. ResultsThe proportion of ILI visits to sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2023 (Z=2.598, P=0.09). The positive rate of influenza virus in ILI was 20.43% (1 761/8 621), of which 14.17% were positive for influenza A virus, including 8.43% for influenza A/H3N2 and 5.74% for influenza A/H1N1. The positive rate of influenza B virus was 6.25%, of which the positive detection rate of influenza B/Victoria virus was 5.35%, while that of influenza B/Yamagata virus was 0.90%. Influenza B/Yamagata virus was not detected in 2019‒2023. The highest positivity rate was observed in the 5‒<15 years age group (25.57%). The positive rate of ILI was lower in males (19.90%) than that in females (20.90%). There were three patterns of influenza epidemic in the district: with year-round circulation in 2016‒2017 and 2021‒2022; with bimodal peaks in 2015‒2016, 2017‒2018 and 2022‒2023; and with one peak in 2018‒2019 and 2019‒2020. The positive rate of influenza virus exhibited seasonal variations, with influenza A virus predominated in summer and autumn. However, influenza B virus showed an increase in spring and winter. ConclusionThe influenza epidemic in Baoshan District, Shanghai exhibits diverse patterns with heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics across different age groups and seasons. Notably, children and adolescents aged 5‒<15 years constitute the key target population for influenza prevention and control. Enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures against influenza A/H3N2 lineage viruses are particularly warranted during summer and autumn seasons.

Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease in children.Its pathogenesis is complex and it is difficult to achieve radi-cal cure or effective and stable long-term treatment goals.Chinese medicine has obvious advantages in preventing and treating allergic rhinitis in children due to its wide range of targets,long-lasting effects and few adverse reactions.This paper proposes that the onset of allergic rhinitis is mostly caused by the dysfunction of the lung,spleen and kidney,the external wind triggering the latent wind,and the combination of the two winds.A staged prevention and treatment strategy of Chinese medicine should be adopted,which includes dispersing external wind,suppressing latent wind,and promoting lung-qi and clearing nasal orifice during the attack period to treat its symptoms,and preventing external wind,calming down latent wind,and regulating and tonifying the lung,spleen,and kidney during the remission period to treat its root cause;meanwhile,attention should be paid to avoiding the adverse effects of congenital endowment factors and the induction of acquired environmental factors,strengthening the body's health to protect against the evil wind,preventing the transformation of existing diseases and the recurrence of allergic rhinitis in children at all stages.

Starting from the connotation of discipline innovation,this paper takes the scientific research practice carried out by the research team of Orthopedics and Traumatology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine as an example,and explores the ideas of inheritance,innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the new era.It is believed that the inheritance,innovation and development of TCM should abide by the foundation of TCM classics and clinical practice,and the innovation of TCM research should always keep an eye on the research front and research hotspots,with the purpose of scientific research serving the clinical practice.The inheritance and innovation are complementary to each other in the development of TCM.The inheritance is for the clinical practice,and the innovation is the wing of scientific research.It is innovative during the inheritance.The clinical practice provides data samples and the thoughts for scientific research,and the innovation in the scientific research serves the development of clinical practice.The innovative development of TCM can be fulfilled by the combination of the development of modern science and technology as well as the cross-development with multiple disciplines and multiple fields.

Hallux valgus is a common disorder of the forefeet,and its diagnosis and treatment have always drawn the attention of the practitioners.This article introduced the minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,which was established by Professor WEN Jian-Min after more than 40 years of in-depth clinical practice and research based on the theory of yin-yang balance and theory of tendons and bones in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and through the combination of modern surgical experience.The minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus embodies the principles of balancing yin and yang,laying equal stress on tendons and bones,unifying the fixation and functional exercises,and treating the fractures and the whole body simultaneously,and includes the key technologies such as minimally-invasive osteotomy for the first metatarsal bone,curtain-wrapped external fixation,perioperative Chinese medicine therapy based on syndrome differentiation,and rehabilitation and nursing of TCM.The system will provide a systematic guide for the standardized minimally-invasive treatment of hallux valgus,and will supply an important approach to the treatment of other orthopedic diseases with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.The minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus reflects the scientific research achievements and clinical experience of Professor WEN Jian-Min,which exerts high significance of reference and application value.

Objective:To investigate the effect of CD8+CD28-T cells on acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT).Methods:The relationship between absolute count of CD8+CD28-T cells and aGVHD in 60 patients with malignant hematological diseases was retrospectively analyzed after haplo-HSCT,and the differences in the incidence rate of chronic graft-versus host disease(cGVHD),infection and prognosis between different CD8+CD28-T absolute cells count groups were compared.Results:aGVHD occurred in 40 of 60 patients after haplo-HSCT,with an incidence rate of 66.67％.The median occurrence time of aGVHD was 32.5(20-100)days.At 30 days after the transplantation,the absolute count of CD8+CD28-T cells of aGVHD group was significantly lower than that of non-aGVHD group(P=0.03).Thus the absolute count of CD8+CD28-T cells at 30 days after transplantation can be used to predict the occurrence of aGVHD to some extent.At 30 days after transplantation,the incidence rate of aGVHD in the low cell count group(CD8+CD28-T cells absolute count＜0.06/μl)was significantly higher than that in the high cell count group(CD8+CD28-T cells absolute count ≥0.06/μl,P=0.011).Multivariate Cox regression analysis further confirmed that the absolute count of CD8+CD28-T cells at 30 days after transplantation was an independent risk factor for aGVHD,and the risk of aGVHD in the low cell count group was 2.222 times higher than that in the high cell count group(P=0.015).The incidence of cGVHD,fungal infection,EBV infection and CMV infection were not significantly different between the two groups with different CD8+CD28-T cells absolute count.The overall survival,non-recurrent mortality and relapse rates were not significantly different between different CD8+CD28-T cells absolute count groups.Conclusion:Patients with delayed CD8+CD28-T cells reconstitution after haplo-HSCT are more likely to develop aGVHD,and the absolute count of CD8+CD28-T cells can be used to predict the incidence of aGVHD to some extent.The absolute count of CD8+CD28-T cells after haplo-HSCT was not associated with cGVHD,fungal infection,EBV infection,and CMV infection,and was also not significantly associated with the prognosis after transplantation.

Objective:To explore the key factors affecting plasma clot retraction and optimize the experimental method of plasma clot retraction,in order to study the regulation of platelet function and evaluate the modulatory effects of drugs on plasma clot retraction.Methods:The effects of different concentrations of thrombin,Ca2+and platelets on plasma clot retraction were studied,and the detection system of plasma clot retraction was optimized.The availability of the detection system was then validated by analyzing the regulatory effects of multiple signaling pathway inhibitors on plasma clot retraction.Results:Through the optimization study of multiple factors,platelet rich plasma(PRP)containing 0.5 mmol/L Ca2+and 40 × 109/L platelets was treated with 0.2 U/ml thrombin to perform plasma clot retraction analysis.After treatment with thrombin for 15 min,plasma clot retracted significantly.After treatment with thrombin for 30 min,the percentage of plasma clot retraction was more than 50％.The regulatory effects of multiple signaling pathway inhibitors on plasma clot retraction were studied in this detection system.PKC inhibitor Go 6983 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on plasma clot retraction,while PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 slightly suppressed plasma clot retraction.Conclusion:PRP containing 0.5 mmol/L Ca2+and 40 × 109/L platelets can be induced with 0.2 U/ml thrombin to conduct plasma clot retraction analysis,which can be used to study the regulation of platelet function and evaluate the modulatory effects of drugs on plasma clot retraction.

Hepatohilar cholangiocarcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system,and radical surgery is one of the important treatment methods.Due to the narrow space at the hi-lum and the high rate of anatomical variation,radical surgery is challenging.By using medical imag-ing technology and 3D reconstruction,surgeons can accurately determine the stage and classifica-tion of hilar cholangiocarcinoma preoperatively.They can assess the tumor's resectability by Ac-cording to the bile duct separation limit points(U point,P point)and anticipate the impact of portal vein,bile duct,and arterial variations on the surgical plan,thereby improving the rate of radical re-section and reducing complication rates.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave (ESWT) combined with stretching training in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.Methods:A prospective case-control study was conducted to include the patients with chronic plantar fasciitis who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2021 to June 2022. A SPSS random number generator was used to randomize the patients into an experimental group (receiving treatment with ESWT combined with stretching training) and a control group (receiving stretching training only). Shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to quantitatively evaluate the elastic modulus of the plantar fascia. The 2 groups were compared in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, plantar fascia thickness, and elastic modulus of the plantar fascia in the patients at 12 weeks after treatment; the correlation between VAS pain score and elastic modulus of the plantar fascia was examined using Spearman analysis in the patients at 12 weeks after treatment.Results:This study included a total of 41 patients (52 feet), 20 males and 21 females with an age of (49.9±8.2) years. There were 16 left sides, 14 right sides and 11 bilateral sides affected. The course of the disease was 7.0 (6.0, 12.0) months. The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences in the general data before treatment between them ( P>0.05). The VAS pain score at 12 weeks after treatment for the experimental group was 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) points, significantly lower than that for the control group [3.0 (2.0, 3.0) points] ( P<0.05). The elastic modulus of the plantar fascia at 12 weeks after treatment for the experimental group was (79.48 ± 17.65) kPa, significantly higher than that for the control group [(57.08 ± 14.16) kPa] ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the thickness of the plantar fascia at 12 weeks after treatment ( P>0.05). There was a significant correlation between VAS pain score and elastic modulus of the plantar fascia after 12 weeks of treatment ( r = -0.708, P<0.001). Conclusion:In the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis, combination of ESWT and stretching training is more effective than stretching training only.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.

This study aimed to explore the potentiating effect and mechanism of the extract of Jingfang Granules(JFG) on the activation of macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were treated with JFG extract and then stimulated by multiple agents. Subsequently, mRNA was extracted, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA transcription of multiple cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. The levels of cytokines in the cell supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). In addition, the intracellular proteins were extracted and the activation of signaling pathways was determined by Western blot. The results showed that JFG extract alone could not promote or slightly promote the mRNA transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MIP-1α, MCP-1, CCL5, IP-10, and IFN-β, and significantly enhance the mRNA transcription of these cytokines in RAW264.7 cells induced by R848 and CpG in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, JFG extract also potentiated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IFN-β by RAW264.7 cells stimulated with R848 and CpG. As revealed by mechanism analysis, JFG extract enhanced the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, IRF3, STAT1, and STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells induced by CpG. The findings of this study indicate that JFG extract can selectively potentiate the activation of macrophages induced by R848 and CpG, which may be attributed to the promotion of the activation of MAPKs, IRF3, and STAT1/3 signaling pathways.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Plant Extracts/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Macrophages ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*