Background and purpose:In 2016 the National Cancer Institute(NCI)decided stopping to use NCI-60 cell lines for drug screening,suggesting that tumor cell lines were losing their value as a tool for drug discovery and basic research.The reason for NCI-60 cells'retirement'was that the preclinical studies based on traditional cellular and animal models did not obtain the corresponding expected efficacy in clinical trials.Since the major cancer behaviors,such as proliferation and metastasis,are fundamentally altered with long-term culture,the tumor cell lines are not representative of the characteristics of cancer in patients.Currently,scientists hope to create a new cancer model that are derived from fresh patient samples and tagged with details about their clinical past.Our purpose was to create patient-derived breast cancer primary cell lines as new cancer model for drug screening and basic research.Methods:Breast cancer tissues were collected in the Department of Breast Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University.The collection of tumor tissue samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(approval number:2022 ethics No.313),and the collection and use of tumor tissues complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.The primary breast cancer cell lines were isolated from the patient's breast cancer tissues and cultured in BCMI medium.After the cells proliferated,the media were replaced with DEME medium.Cell line STR genotyping was done to determine cell-specific genetic markers and identification.Clone formation assay and transplantation assay were done to analyze the ability of breast cancer primary cell lines to form tumors.Results:We created 6 primary breast cancer cell lines.The 6 primary breast cancer cell lines from the patients were tagged with the definitively clinicopathological features,clinical diagnosis,therapeutic regimens,clinical effectiveness and prognostic outcomes.The STR genotyping assays identified the genetic markers and determined the identities of the 6 primary breast cancer cell lines.Clone formation assays and transplantation assay showed that the proliferative capacities of the patient-derived primary breast cancer cell lines were significantly greater compared with the conventional breast cancer cell lines.Conclusion:We created a panel of 6 patient-derived primary breast cancer cell lines as new cancer model for drug screening and basic research in breast cancer.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS)is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis(MS).It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion.Due to the lack of unique clinical features,OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis.Besides,the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis.Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties.The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS.However,this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality.Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members,our consensus focuses on characteristics,symptoms,classification and diagnosis of OMS,and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS,as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements.This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS,and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS,which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.

Deep vein thrombosis(DVT)is a common complication after surgery for lower limb fracture.It has the features of high morbidity,high disability rate and high mortality.At present,the measures for clinical prevention and treatment of post-operative DVT in lower limb fracture mainly include perioperative nursing,intervention with medical auxiliary instruments,western medicine prevention and treatment,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)intervention,and patients'self-cooperation.The patients'self-cooperation is the basis for the smooth implementation of other measures for prevention and treatment,and the patients'active cooperation is the premise of achieving the efficacy of prevention and treatment.Perioperative nursing is helpful for the patients to understand the risk factors of postoperative DVT and the possible risks after the occurrence of DVT,guides the patients to choose the food,assists the patients to do postoperative exercises,improves the level of patients'hemorheological indexes,and reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT.Medical devices are helpful for assisting patients to do postoperative rehabilitation exercises,improving the levels of hemodynamic indicators,promoting patients'rehabilitation and reducing the incidence of postoperative DVT.Western medicines such as low molecular weight heparin,Rivaroxaban,Enoxaparin and other anticoagulant drugs can reduce the aggregation of coagulation factors and blood viscosity,and reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT.TCM interventions mainly include oral administration of Chinese medicine and external treatment such as acupuncture,moxibustion and massage.Oral administration of Chinese medicine is helpful for improving blood flow status.Acupuncture,moxibustion and massage are beneficial to the activation of the function of zang-fu organs,and can stimulate the healthy qi to improve the qi-blood state of the whole body.Each method of prevention and treatment has its advantages and disadvantages.In clinical application,reasonable prevention and treatment methods should be selected according to the specific conditions and individual conditions of the patients.TCM intervention of DVT can be performed in patients with lower limb fracture before and after surgery,and has the advantages of low cost and definite efficacy,which is worthy of continuous research and inheritance and innovation.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and bronchoscopic characteristics of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) in children and to identify factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis. METHODS: The clinical data of children with TBTB were retrospectively collected. The children were divided into two groups based on the last bronchoscopic result within one year of follow-up: a group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=34) and a group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=58). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. RESULTS: A total of 92 children with TBTB were included, and the main symptoms were cough (90%) and fever (68%). In children under 1 year old, the incidence rates of dyspnea and wheezing were significantly higher than in other age groups (P<0.008). Chest CT findings included mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement (90%) and tracheobronchial stenosis or obstruction (61%). The lymphatic fistula type was the main type of TBTB observed bronchoscopically (77%). All children received interventional treatment, and the effective rate was 84%. During one year of follow-up, 34 children had residual airway obstruction or stenosis. The TBTB diagnostic time and the initiation of interventional treatment were significantly delayed in the group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis compared with the group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TBTB diagnostic time was closely related to residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that at the cut-off value of 92 days of TBTB diagnostic time, the area under the curve for predicting residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB was 0.707, with a sensitivity of 58.8% and a specificity of 75.9%. CONCLUSIONS The clinical manifestations of TBTB are nonspecific, and symptoms are more severe in children under 1 year old. TBTB should be suspected in children with tuberculosis and chest imaging indicating airway involvement. Delayed diagnosis of TBTB is associated with the development of residual airway obstruction or stenosis.
Infant ; Child ; Humans ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Constriction, Pathologic/complications* ; Bronchial Diseases/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis* ; Airway Obstruction/therapy*

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual development in Chinese children. Methods: A nationwide multicenter and population-based large cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from January 2017 to December 2018. Data on sex, age, height, weight were collected, BMI was calculated and sexual characteristics were analyzed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on age, including ages 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, 10-<15 years and 15-<18 years. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for evaluating the associations of BMI with sexual development in children. Dichotomous Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the distribution of early and non-early puberty among normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Curves were drawn to analyze the relationship between the percentage of early puberty and BMI distribution in girls and boys at different Tanner stages. Results: A total of 208 179 healthy children (96 471 girls and 111 708 boys) were enrolled in this study. The OR values of B2, B3 and B4+ in overweight girls were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.56-1.89), 3.19 (95%CI: 2.86-3.57), 7.14 (95%CI: 6.33-8.05) and in obese girls were 2.05 (95%CI: 1.88-2.24), 4.98 (95%CI: 4.49-5.53), 11.21 (95%CI: 9.98-12.59), respectively; while the OR values of G2, G3, G4+ in overweight boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.38), 1.52 (95%CI: 1.36-1.70), 1.88 (95%CI: 1.66-2.14) and in obese boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.37), 1.59 (95%CI: 1.43-1.78), and 1.93 (95%CI: 1.70-2.18) (compared with normal weight Tanner 1 group,all P<0.01). Analysis in different age groups found that OR values of obese girls at B2 stage and boys at G2 stage were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.06-3.86) and 2.32 (95%CI:1.05-5.12) in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, respectively (both P<0.05). And in the age group of 6-10 years, overweight girls had a 5.45-fold risk and obese girls had a 12.54-fold risk of B3 stage compared to girls with normal BMI. Compared with normal weight children, the risk of early puberty was 2.67 times higher in overweight girls, 3.63 times higher in obese girls, and 1.22 times higher in overweight boys, 1.35 times higher in obese boys (all P<0.01). Among the children at each Tanner stages, the percentage of early puberty increased with the increase of BMI, from 5.7% (80/1 397), 16.1% (48/299), 13.8% (27/195) to 25.7% (198/769), 65.1% (209/321), 65.4% (157/240) in girls aged 8-<9, 10-<11 and 11-<12 years, and 6.6% (34/513), 18.7% (51/273), 21.6% (57/264) to 13.3% (96/722), 46.4% (140/302), 47.5% (105/221) in boys aged 9-<10, 12-<13 and 13-<14 years, respectively. Conclusions: BMI is positively correlated with sexual development in both Chinese boys and girls, and the correlation is stronger in girls. Obesity is a risk factor for precocious puberty in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, and 6-<10 years of age is a high risk period for early development in obese girls.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Puberty ; Puberty, Precocious ; Sexual Development

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） in the intervention of atherosclerosis （AS） based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. MethodThe active components and targets of each medicinal in GQL were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and AS-related genes from 7 databases. Thereby， the anti-AS targets of GQL were screened out. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was employed to construct the "component-target" network， and STRING the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Core targets were screened out with CytoNCA. R clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment of target genes， which were then visualized. Finally， molecular docking of the top ten active components with the core targets of AS was performed and the binding affinity was compared with that between atorvastatin and the core targets. ResultIn the end， 150 active components of GQL， 20 289 AS targets， and 213 common targets were retrieved， and 48 core common targets were screened out. They were mainly involved in the GO terms of nuclear receptor activity， ligand activation， and transcription factor activity and the pathways of fluid shear force and AS， advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products （AGE/RAGE）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， Toll-like receptor pathways and other signaling pathways closely related to AS. The molecular docking results showed that the effective components of GQL had high binding affinity to core targets of AS， and the binding affinity was even higher than that between the atorvastatin and core targets. The five groups with high binding affinity were puerarin-TNF， baicalein-inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 （NOS2）， puerarin-NOS2， and formononetin-NOS2， wogonin-NOS2. ConclusionThe above result provides new ideas for further exploration of this classical decoction.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism underlying the intervention of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） in vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis （AS） of ApoE^-/- mice by regulating the polarization of macrophages. MethodTwelve normal C57BL/6CNC mice were used as the control group， and 60 ApoE^-/- mice of the same line were randomized into 5 groups： model group， low-dose， middle-dose， and high-dose GQL groups （GQL-D， GQL-Z， and GQL-G groups， respectively）， and atorvastatin group （western medicine group）. High-fat diet was used for modeling. The control group and the model group were given （ig） equal volume of sterile distilled water， and GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G， and western medicine groups received （ig） corresponding concentration of drugs for 8 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were detected with biochemical methods. The distribution of plaques in the aortic region was observed based on oil red O staining and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of M1 pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-6 and M2 anti-inflammatory factors IL-13 and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Protein expression of macrophage mannose receptor CD206/arginase-1 （Arg-1） and CD206/inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） was determined by double-labeling immunofluorescence， and mRNA expression of aortic Arg-1 and iNOS by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. ResultLevels of TG， TC， and LDL-C were significantly lower and HDL-C level was significantly higher in the GQL-Z， GQL-G， and western medicine groups than in the model group. As the concentration of GQL rose， the area with plaques gradually shrunk and the color became lighter. The staining areas of the GQL-G group and the western medicine group were the most scattered. The administration groups showed significant increase in the protein levels of Arg-1 and CD206， significant decrease in the protein level of iNOS， significant rise of Arg-1 mRNA level， and significant drop of iNOS mRNA level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGQL intervenes in the vulnerable plaques in AS by improving lipid metabolism， inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization， promoting macrophage M2 polarization， and further improving the inflammatory microenvironment.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） on vulnerable plaque of atherosclerosis based on the macrophage pyroptosis mediated by nuclear factor （NF）-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine-aspartic acid protease （Caspase）-1 pathway. MethodA total of 12 normal C57BL/6CNC mice were used as the control group， and 60 ApoE^-/- mice of the same line were randomized into 5 groups： model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose GQL groups （GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G groups， respectively）， and western medicine group. The control group and model group were given （ig） equal volume sterile distilled， and GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G and western medicine groups received （ig） corresponding concentration of drugs for 8 weeks. Aortic plaques were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， protein levels of macrophage mannose receptor （CD206）/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC） and CD206/NLRP3 by double-labeling immunofluorescence， and C-terminal gasdermin D （GSDMD）， N-terminal GSDMD， NLRP3， pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 （pro-Caspase-1） and NF-κB p65 by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， model group demonstrated serious pathological changes， rise of the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18 and tissue ASC， NLRP3， C-terminal GSDMD， N-terminal GSDMD， pro-Caspase-1， and NF-κB p65， and decrease of CD206 level （P<0.05）. As compared with model group， the administration groups showed alleviation of the lesions in aortic wall， decrease in levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18 and tissue ASC， NLRP3， C-terminal GSDMD， N-terminal GSDMD， pro-Caspase-1， and NF-κB p65， and rise of CD206 level， with significant difference between some groups （P<0.05）. ConclusionGegen Qinliantang alleviates vulnerable plaque of atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway and further relieving macrophage pyroptosis.

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the differences in sex hormones after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in male patients with obesity. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. The inclusion criteria were (1) male patients with obesity who met the surgical indications of the "Chinese Guidelines for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes" (2019 Edition); (2) patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27.5 kg/m2 and obesity-related metabolic diseases, or patients with severe obesity and a BMI of ≥35 kg/m2; and (3) sex hormone levels checked 1 year after surgery. The exclusion criteria included (1) patients with endocrine diseases (thyrotoxicosis, hyperprolactinemia) and hypothalamic-pituitary lesions and (2) those with severe major organ dysfunction who could not tolerate anesthesia or surgery. According to the above criteria, the clinical data of male patients with obesity admitted to the Gastrointestinal Surgery/Bariatric Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from October 2017 to January 2020 were included. A total of 52 male patients with obesity were included in this study. The mean age, body weight, BMI, and total testosterone level were (29.3±10.2) years, (123.6±35.4) kg, (40.1±11.1) kg/m², and 7.6 (5.5, 9.1) nmol/L, respectively. Forty-five patients (86.5%) exhibited testosterone deficiency. Among all the patients, 29 underwent LSG (LSG group) and 23 underwent LRYGB surgery (LRYGB group). The main outcome measure was the change in sex hormone levels before and after bariatric surgery in all the patients. The secondary outcome measures were the comparison of changes in sex hormone levels before and after LSG and LRYGB. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that preoperative estradiol was positively correlated with waist circumference (R=0.299, P<0.05), hip circumference (R=0.326, P<0.05), and chest circumference (R=0.388, P<0.05). Testosterone was negatively correlated with BMI (R=-0.563, P<0.01), waist circumference (R=-0.521, P<0.01), hip circumference (R=-0.456, P<0.01), chest circumference (R=-0.600, P<0.01), and neck circumference (R=-0.547, P<0.01). One year following bariatric surgery, the serum testosterone (7.6 [5.5, 9.1] nmol/L vs. 13.6 [10.5, 15.4] nmol/L, Z=-5.910, P<0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (4.7 [2.7, 5.3] IU/L vs. 6.5 [3.6, 7.8] IU/L, Z=-4.658, P<0.001), and progesterone (1.2 [0.4, 1.5] nmol/L vs. 1.9 [0.8, 1.3] nmol/L, Z=-2.542, P=0.011) levels were significantly higher in all the patients. Both estradiol (172.8 [115.6, 217.5] pmol/L vs. 138.3 [88.4, 168.1] pmol/L, Z=-2.828, P=0.005) and prolactin (11.4 [6.4, 14.6] mIU/L vs. 8.6 [4.8, 7.3] mIU/L, Z=-2.887, P=0.004) levels were decreased. In addition to prolactin levels in the LRYGB group, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of estradiol (P=0.030), follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.001), luteinizing hormone (P=0.033), progesterone (P=0.034), and testosterone (P<0.001) compared with their preoperative levels. In the LSG group, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (P=0.011), prolactin (P=0.023), and testosterone (P<0.001) compared with their preoperative levels. Conclusion: The degree of obesity in men was negatively correlated with testosterone levels. Both LRYGB and LSG can significantly improve sex hormone levels in male patients with obesity, and testosterone levels show a significant increase after surgery.
Adult ; Bariatric Surgery ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery* ; Estradiol ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Obesity/surgery* ; Progesterone ; Prolactin ; Retrospective Studies ; Testosterone ; Weight Loss ; Young Adult