ObjectiveTo study the potential quality marker （Q-marker） of Tinosporae Radix associated with efficacy of "relieving sore throat" based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， multivariate statistical analysis （MSA）， and network pharmacology. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the main chemical components in 18 batches of Tinosporae Radix. On this basis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were employed to screen out the main marker components that caused differences between groups. Moreover， network pharmacology technology was applied to predict the potential "sore throat-relieving" components， and the molecular docking between the common components resulting from MSA and network pharmacology and the core targets was carried out to verify the marker components. ResultA total of 17 compounds， including alkaloids， diterpenoid lactones， and sterols， were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Five main differential components were found by MSA： Columbamine， jatrorrhizine， palmatine， menisperine， and columbin. Network pharmacology analysis yielded six compounds： tetrahydropalmatine， palmatine， menisperine， fibleucin， neoechinulin A， and columbin which were selected as potential "sore throat-relieving" components of Tinosporae Radix. They may relieve sore throat by acting on interleukin-6， epidermal growth factor receptor， prostaglandin G/H synthase 2， matrix metalloproteinase-9， proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src and other targets， and regulating Hepatitis B， influenza A， human T-cell virus infection， human cytomegalovirus infection， coronavirus disease-2019， and other signaling pathways. The common active components in Tinosporae Radix resulting from MSA and network pharmacology analysis were palmatine， menisperine， and columbin， which had high binding affinity with six core targets and can be used as the Q-marker components of Tinosporae Radix in "relieving sore throat". ConclusionThis study predicts the "sore throat-relieving" Q-marker of Tinosporae Radix， which lays a basis for developing the quality standard of Tinosporae Radix based on the efficacy and improving the quality evaluation system of the medicinal.

Objective: To investigate the morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in residents aged 30 years and above in Sichuan Province, and analyze the effect of smoking on the risk of morbidity on COPD. Methods: From 2004 to 2008, people were randomly selected from Pengzhou, Sichuan Province. All the local people aged 30-79 years were asked to receive questionnaire survey, physical examination and pulmonary function testing, and long-term follow-up to determine the morbidity of COPD. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the relationship between smoking and COPD. Results: In 46 540 participants, the current smoking rates were 67.31% in males and 8.67% in females, there were 3 101 new cases of COPD, with a cumulative incidence of 6.66%. Adjusted for age, gender, occupation, marriage, income level, educational level, BMI, daily total physical activity, current cooking frequency, whether there was smoke exhaust device at present and frequency of passive smoking exposure, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that compared with the non-smoking population, current smoking and quitting smoking increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.42 (95%CI:1.29-1.57) and 1.34 (95%CI:1.16-1.53). Compared with people who never or occasionally smoke, the risk of morbidity on COPD increased with the increase of average daily smoking volume, mixed smoking at present, mixed smoking at the beginning increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.79 (95%CI: 1.42-2.25) and 2.12 (95%CI: 1.53-2.92), started smoking at the age of <18 years old and ≥18 years old increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.61 (95%CI:1.43-1.82) and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.22-1.48), inhaling into the mouth, throat and lung during smoking increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.30 (95%CI: 1.16-1.45), 1.63 (95%CI: 1.45-1.83) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.21-1.55). Adjusted for multiple confounding factors and adjusted for regression dilution bias, the average daily smoking volume, the age of starting smoking and the depth of smoking inhalation had an impact on the incidence of COPD, and the gender difference was particularly prominent. Conclusions: Smoking increased the risk of morbidity on COPD, which was related to the average daily smoking volume, the type of smoking, the age of starting smoking and the depth of smoking inhalation. Tobacco control should comprehensively consider the specific characteristics of smoking, so as to prevent COPD.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Prospective Studies ; Smoking ; Morbidity ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; China

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prospective association between cumulative resting heart rate (cumRHR) and rapid renal function decline (RRFD) in a cohort of individuals aged 60 and older. METHODS: In the Tianjin Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study, the individuals who underwent three consecutive physical examinations between 2014 and 2017, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m² and aged 60 years or older were enrolled. A total of 27,564 patients were prospectively followed up from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. The 3-year cumRHR was calculated. The primary outcome was RRFD, defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of 5 mL/min per 1.73 m² or greater. Logistic and restricted spline regression models and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the association of cumRHR with RRFD after adjusting for all confounders. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, a total of 4,347 (15.77%) subjects developed RRFD. In fully-adjusted models, compared with the lowest quartile of cumRHR, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest was 1.44 (1.28-1.61), P < 0.001. Furthermore, each 1-standard deviation (27.97 beats/min per year) increment in cumRHR was associated with a 17% (P < 0.001) increased risk of RRFD, with a linear positive correlation (P for non-linear = 0.803). Participants with a 3-year cumRHR ≥ 207 (beats/min) * year (equivalent to ≥ 69 beats/min per year in 3 years) were found to be at a higher risk of RRFD. CONCLUSIONS The cumRHR is significantly associated with a higher risk of RRFD among older adults. These results might provide an effective goal for managing and delaying the decline of renal function in the older adults.

Objective - （ ） To evaluate the effect of job rotation on pain in wrist work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs （ ）Methods of physical therapists PTs . A total of 100 PTs from nine medical institutions were selected as the research subjects ， using judgment sampling method and they were divided into control group and intervention group by stratified random sampling ， method with 50 person in each group. The individuals in control group perform routine works. People in the intervention group were rotated between posts or added mobile shift replacements in daily work for 30 minutes. The duration of intervention was ， ， （ ） once a day five days a week for ten weeks. Visual Analogue Scale VAS score and pain duration were used as the evaluation ， indexes of intervention effect. The changes of indexes before intervention five weeks and ten weeks after intervention were Results ， compared between the two groups. Before intervention there was no significant difference in the VAS score and pain （ P ） duration between the control group and the intervention group all >0.05 . There was no significant difference in VAS score （ P ） and pain duration among the control group at three time points after intervention all >0.05 . The VAS score of PTs in the （P ）， intervention group at ten weeks was lower than that in the control group at the same time point <0.05 and it was lower than （ P ） that before intervention and at five weeks of intervention in the same group all <0.05 . The pain duration of PTs in the （ P ）， intervention group was lower than that in the control group at five and ten weeks after intervention all <0.05 and was lower （ P ） Conclusion ， than that before intervention at the same group all <0.05 . Rotating schedule can relieve WMSDs of PTs and the effect of intervention for ten weeks is more effective than that of intervention for five weeks.

Objective To observe the distribution of mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) within the brain in human, mice and rats and the comparison across the species. Methods An immunohistochemical method was applied to investigate the expression of MANF and to compare the differences among species in the brain of human specimens ( n = 5) , mice ( n = 6) , and rats ( n = 6). Results The expression of MANF varied in different brain regions in human, mice and rats. In human, in the cortex, the expression of MANF was the highest among all brain regions. In the subcortical areas or the nucleus, brainstem and cerebellum expression level of MANF were relatively lower. The distribution of MANF in mouse and rat brain were slightly different from that in human brain, but generally consistent. Conclusion The distribution pattern of MANF is similar across the species, however, within a species, MANF expression levels varies in different brain regions.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a special type of breast cancer that occurs during pregnancy and within 1 year after childbirth. With the rapid social development and the adjustment of reproductive policies in China, the average age of females at first childbirth is increasing, which is expected to lead to an increase in the incidence of PABC. This study aimed to accumulate clinical experience and to investigate and summarize the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of PABC based on large multicenter samples in China. METHODS: According to the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery, a total of 164 patients with PABC in 27 hospitals from January 2016 to December 2018 were identified. The pregnancy status, clinicopathological features, comprehensive treatment methods, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients of PABC accounted for 0.30% of the total number of cases in the same period; of which, 83 patients were diagnosed during pregnancy and 81 patients during lactation. The median age of PABC was 33 years (24-47 years). Stage I patients accounted for 9.1% (15/164), stage II 54.9% (90/164), stage III 24.4% (40/164), and stage IV 2.4% (4/164). About 9.1% (15/164) of patients were luminal A. Luminal B patients accounted the most (43.3% [71/164]). About 15.2% (25/164) of patients were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) overexpression and 18.9% (31/164) of patients were triple-negative breast cancer. For pregnancy breast cancer, 36.1% (30/83) of patients received direct surgery and 20.5% (17/83) received chemotherapy during pregnancy. About 31.3% (26/83) chose abortion or induction of labor. The median follow-up time was 36 months (3-59 months); 11.0% (18/164) patients had local recurrence or distant metastasis and 3.0% (5/164) died. CONCLUSIONS It is safe and feasible to standardize surgery and chemotherapy for PABC.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: It has been a global trend that increasing complications related to pelvic floor surgeries have been reported over time. The current study aimed to outline the development of Chinese pelvic floor surgeries related to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) over the past 14 years and investigate the potential influence of enhanced monitoring conducted by the Chinese Association of Urogynecology since 2011. METHODS: A total of 44,594 women with POP who underwent pelvic floor surgeries between October 1, 2004 and September 30, 2018 were included from 22 tertiary academic medical centers. The data were reported voluntarily and obtained from a database. We compared the proportion of each procedure in the 7 years before and 7 years after September 30, 2011. The data were analyzed by performing Z test (one-sided). RESULTS: The number of different procedures during October 1, 2011-September 30, 2018 was more than twice that during October 1, 2004-September 30, 2011. Regarding pelvic floor surgeries related to POP, the rate of synthetic mesh procedures increased from 38.1% (5298/13,906) during October 1, 2004-September 30, 2011 to 46.0% (14,107/30,688) during October 1, 2011-September 30, 2018, whereas the rate of non-mesh procedures decreased from 61.9% (8608/13,906) to 54.0% (16,581/30,688) (Z = 15.53, P < 0.001). Regarding synthetic mesh surgeries related to POP, the rates of transvaginal placement of surgical mesh (TVM) procedures decreased from 94.1% (4983/5298) to 82.2% (11,603/14,107) (Z = 20.79, P < 0.001), but the rate of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) procedures increased from 5.9% (315/5298) to 17.8% (2504/14,107). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of synthetic mesh procedures increased while that of non-mesh procedures decreased significantly. The rate of TVM procedures decreased while the rate of LSC procedures increased significantly. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03620565, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
China ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor/surgery* ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery* ; Surgical Mesh/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagina

Objective:To study the differences in genetic relationship， shape， size， and flavonoid content between traditional and nontraditional medicinal varieties of Citri Reticulatae Semen produced in Sichuan province as well as their equivalence. Method:Six batches of traditional medicinal Citri Reticulatae Semen （Citrus reticulata 'Dahongpao'） and 23 batches of nontraditional medicinal varieties were collected， and their genetic relationship was explored using sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） markers. Following the observation of their shapes and sizes under a stereomicroscope， the contents of naringin， hesperidin， and neohesperidin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. SIMCA 14.1 software was used for cluster analysis of their shapes， sizes， and flavonoid contents， thus figuring out the similarities between the traditional and nontraditional medicinal varieties in character， size， and chemical components. Result:SRAP markers-based genetic relationship analysis effectively distinguished different Citri Reticulatae Semen varieties from each other. Some samples collected from the same or adjacent places exhibited a close genetic relationship and they shared high similarities in shape， size， and flavonoid content. However， the traditional medicinal Citri Reticulatae Semen was still quite different from most nontraditional medicinal varieties. Conclusion:The analysis of differences in genetic materials， appearance， character， and active ingredient content between the traditional and nontraditional medicinal varieties revealed that the equivalence of C. reticulata 'Ponkan' samples from some regions with the traditional medicinal variety was the largest， enabling them to be considered as the emerging medicinal variety.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress on Nrf2 signaling pathway in the kidneys of rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into twelve groups of six animals each. Some groups were pre-administered with bacitracin or tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), and all of them were treated with 5-20 μmol/kg cadmium (Cd) for 48 h. The oxidative stress levels were analyzed using kits. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors were determined using RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS: Cd exposure resulted in oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats and upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related factors and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors, especially at doses of 10 and 20 μmol/kg Cd, and the expression changes were particularly obvious. Moreover, after pretreatment with bacitracin, Cd upregulated the expression of ERS-related factors to a certain extent and, at higher doses, increased the mRNA expression of Nrf2. After pretreatment with TUDCA, Cd reduced the level of ERS to a certain extent; however, at these doses, there were no significant changes in the expression of Nrf2. CONCLUSION Cadmium can result in ERS and oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats, activate Nrf2, and upregulate the transcriptional expression of phase II detoxification enzymes under these experimental conditions. ERS has a positive regulation effect on Nrf2 signaling pathway but has little effect on the negative regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in cadmium toxicity.
Animals ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; drug effects ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid ; pharmacology