Potato skin may turn green, purple or sprout when stored improperly.At this time the content of its metabolite sola- nine increases significantly.Although solanine is toxie,it also has certain medicinal value.It has been found that solanine has effects like anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, detumescence, treatment of pulmonary hypertension, and diabetes.This paper searches the relevant literature for the research on the medicinal application of solanine,and systematically summarizes the solanine medicinal value.For a more effective development and utilization of the plant resources,this paper hopes to provide the theoretical and application basis for the development of natural medicine with high efficiency and small adverse reactions in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, tumescence, pulmonary hypertension and diabetes.

This study aims to compare the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with semen quality in men from couples with primary and secondary infertility. Semen samples were collected from 133 men who requested fertility evaluation. Seminal tract infection with Ureaplasma spp. (UU), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) was assessed by PCR-based diagnostic assays. Among all patients, the prevalence of STIs was higher in men from couples with primary infertility than that in men from couples with secondary infertility (39.7% vs 21.7%, P = 0.03). The prevalence of UU was 28.8% and 13.3% in men from couples with primary and secondary infertility, respectively. Men from couples with primary infertility were more likely to be positive for UU than men from couples with secondary infertility (P = 0.04). Regarding the UU subtype, the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uuu) and Ureaplasma parvum (Uup; including Uup1, Uup3, Uup6, and Uup14) did not differ between the two groups. No associations between the prevalence rates of MH, MG, and CT were found in men from either infertility group. A lower sperm concentration was associated with STI pathogen positivity in men with primary infertility according to the crude model (P = 0.04). The crude and adjusted models showed that semen volume (both P = 0.03) and semen leukocyte count (both P = 0.02) were independently associated with secondary infertility. These findings suggest the importance of classifying the type of infertility during routine diagnosis of seminal tract infections.
Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/epidemiology* ; Male ; Mycoplasma genitalium ; Mycoplasma hominis ; Prevalence ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology* ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent around the world. The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM (T2DM) is limited, leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM. METHODS: We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st, 2016. The subjects were categorized into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated. RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, 383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%, and 75.7% of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases. Additionally, there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM, of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence >10%. The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT, IGT, and T2DM groups were 93.3%, 91.5%, and 96.6%, respectively; stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". Subsequently, the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was higher in males than females in NGT (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the difference in the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study. To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study, increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology* ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Diseases/epidemiology*

The efficient and safe delivery of drugs to the therapeutic site through the biofilm has traditionally been a difficult and hot topic in the field of drug delivery. In recent years, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) have become ideal penetration enhancers for drug delivery systems because of their high permeability, good safety and biodegradability, which has attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign researchers. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, characteristics, action mechanism and application of APG in drug delivery system are reviewed, and its application prospect in drug delivery system is prospected.

The development of printing ink is a challenge for binder jetting 3D printed preparations, which directly determines the quality of the printed product. This study adopted a 2³ full-factor Design of Experiment (DoE) with three central points to optimize the printing ink composition of levetiracetam 3D printed dispersible tablet based on the concept of Quality by Design. Firstly, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, glycerin and polysorbate 20 as independent variables based on 40% (v/v) isopropanol aqueous solution, and weight variation, hardness, friability and dispersion uniformity of the printed tablets were used as dependent variables. Then obtained the design space of the printing ink prescription by DoE model analysis, and the response optimizer was used to obtain the optimal printing ink prescription: isopropanol aqueous solution containing 0.1% (w/w) polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and 4.0% (w/w) glycerin. The jetting mechanism and wettability of the printing ink were analyzed, and different strengths of personalized 3D printed tablets were prepared and characterized, which verified the rationality of the printing ink formulation. This study provided a reference for the development of printing ink for binder jetting 3D printed preparations.

As the common pathway of chronic renal diseases leading to end-stage renal failure, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix and scar hardening. Our study aimed to construct an in vitro cell culture platform to explore the impact of matrix stiffness on cell morphology and function of renal tubular epithelial cells. Photopolymerized polyacrylamide gels (PAA gel) with varying stiffnesses as model substrates was selected to simulate the matrix stiffness of normal and fibrotic renal tissues with elastic moduli ranging from 1 to 40 kPa. The human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were seeded on the surface of PAA gels. The impact of matrix stiffness on the morphology of HK-2 were investigated via immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. The expression levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) were semi-quantitatively analyzed. With increasing matrix stiffness, both the levels of GLUT1 and GLUT5 in HK-2 cells were significantly decreased, whereas the expression level and the distribution pattern of GLUT2 in HK-2 remained unchanged with stiffness variation.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belongs to the category of stranguria. This article describes the unsatisfactory situations in clinical practice such as antibiotics abuse, increasing of drug-resistant bacteria, high recurrence rate, etc. According to evidence-based medicine, literatures as evidence are collected for summarizing and analyzing and the result shows the advantages of TCM of relieving symptoms, reducing the dosage of antibiotics, less side effects, lower recurrence rate, etc. In the field of fundamental research, literatures associated with UTI are also summarized and analysed from several perspectives, such as causes, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine, working mechanism of non-drug therapy, etc and the result presents that integrated treatment of TCM in UTI has significant advangtages and its own characteristic.

To investigate the anti-platelet adhesive effect and possible mechanisms of Xueshuantong capsule (XST) under flow conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human platelets were employed as experimental materials, and TNF-α (20 μg•L⁻¹) was used to establish vascular endothelial cell injury models. In vivo flow conditions were simulated under controlled shear stress of 0.1 Pa and 0.9 Pa by Bioflux1000 assays accordingly. Anti-platelet adhesive effects of XST at 0.3 g•L⁻¹ were dynamically monitored by microscopic time-lapse photography. Western blotting was employed to detect the VCAM-1 expression on endothelial cells, and the release of 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 was tested by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that XST could inhibit the platelets adhesion under both physiological and pathological flow conditions, and the inhibition rate was 15.0% and 34.1% respectively. Under pathological low shear stress or static conditions, XST could significantly inhibit endothelial cells VCAM-1 expression and TXB2 release (P<0.05). These results suggested that XST inhibited platelets adhering to injured endothelium via decreasing VCAM-1 expression and TXA2 secretion from endothelium. From the interactions among blood flow, vascular endothelium and platelets, the anti-thrombosis effects of XST were possibly related to endothelial cells protection and therefore inhibiting platelets adhesion. Under different flow conditions, the antiplatelet adhesion effect of XST was different, and the pathological low shear stress was more conducive to the efficacy of XST.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of telocinobufagin on viability and apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and explore the mechanism of telocinobufagin-induced apoptosis.

METHODSMTT assay was performed to detect the viability of CRC cells exposed to telocinobufagin. Nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell death of CRC cells. Expressions of proteins related with cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were determined with Western blotting.

RESULTSTelocinobufagin decreased the viability of CRC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The presence of karyopycnosis and apoptotic bodies together with the results of flow cytometry suggested that telocinobufagin induced cell apoptosis to cause cell death. Western blotting showed that telocinobufagin exposure of the cells resulted in upregulated p53 and Bax protein expressions and promoted cleavage of caspase 9 and PARP. Telocinobufagin induced phosphorylation of Bad and PARP cleavage, and suppressed phosphorylation of IKBα and TAK1 and expression of survivin in the cells.

CONCLUSIONTelocinobufagin can decrease the viability of CRC cells by inducing cell apoptosis, which involves p53-mediated Bax activation and inhibition of the IAP pathway.

Apoptosis ; Bufanolides ; pharmacology ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; bcl-Associated Death Protein ; metabolism

Objectives To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of antioxidant TBHQ on renal damage caused by doxorubicin chemotherapy in mice with hepatic cancer. Methods Cell H22 of mice with hepatic cancer which was subcultured for three times was subcutaneously transplanted to the groin of right lower limb of 45 SPF Kunming mice to establish the transplanted tumor model. The doxorubicin chemotherapy group and antioxidant intervention group received intraperitoneal injection of ADM (1 mg/kg·0.2 mL/2 d). The model control group received normal saline (NS) of the same volume at the same time. 1% TBHQ was added into the diet of mice of the antioxidant intervention group. Seven weeks later, morning urines and peripheral blood were randomly collected to detect UAlb, UCr, BUN, Scr and UAlb/Cr levels. All mice were beheaded. The renal tissues were made into homogenate, and SOD, T-AOC and MDA content in tissues were detected followed by cell lysis. All data were processed using SPSS19.0. Results The UAlb/Cr, BUN, Scr and MDA of doxorubicin chemotherapy group were significantly higher those of model control group and the activities of SOD, T-AOC in doxorubicin chemotherapy group were lower than those of model control group (P < 0.01). The UAlb/Cr, BUN, Scr and MDA of antioxidant intervention group were lower than those of doxorubicin chemotherapy group and the activities of SOD, T-AOC of antioxidant intervention group were higher than those of doxorubicin chemotherapy group doxorubicin chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The BUN of model control group was higher than that of blank group, and T-AOC was lower than that of blank group, and difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions Doxorubicin chemotherapy could lead to abnormal antioxidant capacity and renal function of tumor-bearing mice with hepatic cancer. TBHQ antioxidant intervention could effectively improve the antioxidant capacity of renal tissue and reduce the renal damage caused by doxorubicin to some extent.