Objective To examine the effect of estradiol (E2) treatment on ovariectomy (OVX) induced depressive-like behavior and possible mechanism by measuring inflammatory biomarkers levels oi interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis tactor-(x (TNF-ot) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in amygdaia nucleus. Methods Thirty nine healthy aduit 缶male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups : sham operation group (SO), ovariectomized group (OVX) and ovariectomized estradiol treatment group (OVX + E2). After 6 weeks of E2 treatment, depressive like behavior was evaluated by opening field test (OFT) and sugar water preference test (SPT). The levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-a in amygdala were measured by ELESA, and the expression of BDNF in rat amygdala was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The result of the SPT showed that OVX significantly decreased the sugar intake and sugar preference rate of rats, and E2 treatment significantly increased sugar water intake and sugar water preference rate of rats. The result of the OFT showed that OVX significantly decreased the numbers of crossing and rearing of rats, and reduced the time spent in the centre ; E2 treatment significantly increased the numbers of crossing and rearing of rats, and prolonged the time spent in the centre. ELESA and immunohistochemical analysis found the levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in amygdala increased significantly, while the average absorbance (AA) of BDNF in the amygdala reduced significantly (P<0.01 respectively) of rats in OVX group when compared with the SO group. And the levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in amygdala decreased significantly (P<0.01 respectively), while the A4 of BDNF increased significantly (P< 0.05) in the amygdala of rats in the OVX+EX group when compared with the OVX group. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion E2 treatment improved depression-like behavior of OVX rats is partly due to increased antiinflammatory and activated the BDNF expression in amygdaloid nucleus, thus enhancing the neuroprotective effect of OVX rats.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for occult endometrial atypia and malignancy in patients diagnosed with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NEH) on endometrial biopsy. Methods: All new cases of NEH diagnosed between April 2015 and March 2016 at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, who underwent hysterectomy as first-line treatment, were included in the study. Patients with a history of endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy were excluded from the study. Patient demographics (e.g., age, parity, body mass index [BMI]), medical history, and clinical presentation were obtained for analysis. Results: In total, 262 patients were diagnosed with NEH, of which 18.3% (n=48) underwent hysterectomy as first-line management. The average time to surgery was 77.0±35.7 days. All cases were diagnosed by dilation and curettage, and hysteroscopy. The mean age was 51 years, and the mean BMI was 26.9±5.8 kg/m2. Histology from the hysterectomy specimen showed 9 (18.8%) patients with atypical hyperplasia and 2 (4.2%) with grade 1, stage 1A endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Patients with higher grade final pathology had significantly lower median parity (1 vs. 2, P=0.039), higher mean BMI (30.1±6.5 vs. 25.9±5.3 kg/m2, P=0.033), and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (54.5% vs. 13.5%, P=0.008, odds ratio 7.68), compared to patients whose final histology showed NEH or no residual hyperplasia. Conclusion Occult endometrial atypia and malignancy were found in 18.8% and 4.2% of patients with an initial diagnosis of NEH, respectively. High BMI and low parity were identified as significant risk factors for high-grade endometrial lesions in patients with NEH.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for occult endometrial atypia and malignancy in patients diagnosed with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NEH) on endometrial biopsy. Methods: All new cases of NEH diagnosed between April 2015 and March 2016 at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, who underwent hysterectomy as first-line treatment, were included in the study. Patients with a history of endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy were excluded from the study. Patient demographics (e.g., age, parity, body mass index [BMI]), medical history, and clinical presentation were obtained for analysis. Results: In total, 262 patients were diagnosed with NEH, of which 18.3% (n=48) underwent hysterectomy as first-line management. The average time to surgery was 77.0±35.7 days. All cases were diagnosed by dilation and curettage, and hysteroscopy. The mean age was 51 years, and the mean BMI was 26.9±5.8 kg/m2. Histology from the hysterectomy specimen showed 9 (18.8%) patients with atypical hyperplasia and 2 (4.2%) with grade 1, stage 1A endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Patients with higher grade final pathology had significantly lower median parity (1 vs. 2, P=0.039), higher mean BMI (30.1±6.5 vs. 25.9±5.3 kg/m2, P=0.033), and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (54.5% vs. 13.5%, P=0.008, odds ratio 7.68), compared to patients whose final histology showed NEH or no residual hyperplasia. Conclusion Occult endometrial atypia and malignancy were found in 18.8% and 4.2% of patients with an initial diagnosis of NEH, respectively. High BMI and low parity were identified as significant risk factors for high-grade endometrial lesions in patients with NEH.

Objective:To study the predictive value for esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) after esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) based on clinical data and endoscopic ultrasound examination among patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods:Routine endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound were performed on 400 preventive EVL cases who met the enrollment criteria, and their clinical indicators, microscopic manifestations, diameter and number of peripheral collateral veins, para-esophageal veins, perforating veins, and so on were monitored. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the relevant factors. Nomogram predictive model was established based on the independent prognostic factors. Nomogram internal validation was carried out with C-index to check the prediction accuracy, calibration curve evaluation consistency, and clinical benefit evaluation for decision-making.Results:Age, gender, etiology, peri-ECV number, para-ECV diameter, portal vein diameter, and azygous vein diameter were the risk factors for disease progression ( P < 0.05), and they were all included in the establishment of nomogram. The C-index obtained by internal validation was 0.864, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the predicting bleeding progression model was 0.994 ( P < 0.001), suggesting that the disease had high predictive value and the calibration curve validity had consistency. Conclusion:Nomogram predictive model established based on the clinical data and endoscopic ultrasound examination is a preventive and therapeutic intervention for liver cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, which can effectively improve the therapeutic effects of this population, reduce the EVs occurrence, and improve their quality of life. In addition, it also has an outstanding favorable performance. Therefore, it has certain guiding significance for the judgment of clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) magnetic resonance perfusion technique in evaluating posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) of the elderly beyond 80 years old and to offer the evidence of PCI of the elderly for clinical diagnosis. Methods Totally 53 male subjects older than 80 years were recruited in this study,including 20 subjects with clinically diagnosed PCI and 33 normal subjects. All the subjects underwent routine brain magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-pCASL sequence on a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging system with 8 channel brain coil. Two post-labeling delay (PLD) time (PLD=1525 ms and PLD=2525 ms) of 3D-pCASL were used in this study to increase the accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) change of posterior circulation region. We used SPM12 software to measure mean CBF values of bilateral occipital lobes and bilateral cerebellums. Independent sample t-test and rank-sum test were performed to evaluate the difference of CBF changes of anterior circulation and posterior circulation in two groups at two PLD time,the difference of CBF changes of bilateral occipital lobes and bilateral cerebellums in two groups of two PLD time,and the difference of increment of CBF between two PLD interval between two groups. Results In case group,the CBF value of the anterior circulation was significantly higher than that of posterior circulation at both two PLD time points (PLD=1525 ms and PLD=2525 ms)(P=0.000,P=0.000);in control group,the CBF value of the anterior circulation was significantly higher than that of the posterior circulation only at PLD=1525ms (P=0.025). The CBF values at bilateral occipital lobes and bilateral cerebellums at two PLD time points (PLD=1525 ms and PLD=2525 ms) were significantly higher in case group than in control group(P=0.003,P=0.002,P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.002,P=0.014,respectively). Compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant in bilateral occipital lobes and cerebellums with a smaller △CBF between two PLD interval in case group (P=0.004,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.025). Conclusion Multiple PLD time points need to be used in 3D-pCASL in diagnosing PCI of the elderly because the posterior circulation is slow in these patients. 3D-pCASL technique is sensitive in detecting decreased CBF in posterior circulation and therefore can be used to predict posterior circulation stroke in the elderly.

There are various nanostructures in biological system. They are made of biological molecules via self-assembly with well-organized architectures and specific functions. These nanostructures can be grouped into lines, layers and cages, corresponding to one-, two- and three-dimensional structures, respectively. The bionanostructures can serve as the models or templates for biosynthesis of biodevices with desired functions by rational design. Proof-of-concept studies have shown their attractive performance in practical applications, e.g., biosensors, catalysis, tumor thermo-therapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and batteries.

The novel drug gel was a new formulation ,which was applied more and more in medicine field recently .The intelligent hydrogel ,liposome gels ,clathrate gels were summarized ,which could be provide reference for counterparts .

Animals ; China ; Ectoparasitic Infestations ; veterinary ; Geography ; Rats ; Rodent Diseases ; parasitology

OBJECTIVETo develop the method and investigate the value of the application of multislice helical computed tomography (CT) in the maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis.

METHODSTwelve cases of maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis (3 in zygoma, 2 in maxilla, and 7 in mandible) were scanned by the multislice helical CT, then the reconstruction of three dimensional and fault image and the relative measurement were carried out to study the effect of distraction and osteogenesis.

RESULTSThe three dimensional image provided clear and high resolution stereoscopic view that the effect of distraction osteogenesis could be evaluated easily and exactly. The fault image could be set up in private computer by Mimics and the measurements, such as distance, thickness and density, could be performed as expected. The effect of 12 cases was satisfied, and the average distracted distance was 16.73 mm.

CONCLUSIONBasing on multislice helical CT scanning, the high resolution image reconstruction and relative measurement data could be obtained which could meet the need of clear and direct observation. Its application in the maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis is expecting and promising.

Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIMTo probe into the affection and significance of NO on the expression of P-selectin in renal injury following hind limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

METHODSIn accordance with the conventional approaches of our department, the model rats were prepared after they were made to undergo 4 hours or ischemia followed by 4 hours of reperfusion of hind limbs. The Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: Control group, LI/R group, L-Arg group and L-NAME group. And then in those four groups of Wistar rats, a series of values of measurement were determined such as: Plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Furthermore, biochemically there came to the assessment of the values including myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO, total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and constitutive NOS (cNOS) of renal tissue in different groups. By the methods of electrophoresis and biochemistry, the urine protein was mensurated. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of P-selectin protein. The morphologic changes were observed with a microscope.

RESULTSAfter hind limbs had suffered from ischemia/reperfusion for 4 hours, there was the occurrence of a series of results such as in the following which were based on the comparison between plasm of LI/R group and control group. The values of NO, BUN and Cr increased significantly, and the trend of indexes such as NO in renal tissue was similar to that in plasma. The values of MPO, tNOS and iNOS in renal tissue all increased significantly after reperfusion, while cNOS decreased distinctly. The urine protein appeared, especially large molecular weight protein. Renal pathology revealed that after LI/R there were edema and infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN). Immunohistochemically, the expression of P-selectin was upregulated significantly. Compared with LI/R rats, all injury changes were alleviated in L-Arg group. Morphologic changes were mild. Both the content of urine protein and the percentage of apoptosis cell decreased. The expression of P-selectin was downregulated. In L-NAME group, all injury changes got worse. Immunohistochemical results showed strong positive staining of P-selectin.

CONCLUSIONThe renal injury after LI/R may relate to the strong expression of P-selectin. NO may have protective affection by decreasing the expression of P-selectin and alleviating the adhesion, aggregation and infiltration of neutrophils.

Animals ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; adverse effects ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; P-Selectin ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology