OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has important clinical value in diagnosis and curative effect evaluation on endometrial carcinoma. How to improve the detection rate of endometrial small lesions by DWI is the research focus of MRI technology. This study aims to analyze the image quality of small field MRI ZOOMit-DWI sequence and conventional single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) DWI sequence in the scanning of endometrial carcinoma, and to explore the clinical value of ZOOMit-DWI sequence. METHODS: A total of 37 patients with endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by operation and pathology in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from July 2019 to May 2021 were collected. All patients were scanned with MRI ZOOMit-DWI sequence and SS-EPI DWI sequence before operation. Two radiologists subjectively evaluated the anatomical details, artifacts, geometric deformation and focus definition of the 2 groups of DWI images. At the same time, the signal intensity were measured and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the 2 DWI sequences were calculated for objective evaluation. The differences of subjective score, objective score and ADC value of the 2 DWI sequences were analyzed. RESULTS: The SNR of the ZOOMit-DWI group was significantly higher than that of the SS-EPI DWI group (301.96±141.85 vs 94.66±41.26), and the CNR of the ZOOMit-DWI group was significantly higher than that of the SS-EPI DWI group (185.05±105.45 vs 57.91±31.54, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in noise standard deviation between the ZOOMit-DWI group and the SS-EPI DWI group (P>0.05). The subjective score of anatomical detail and focus definition in the ZOOMit-DWI group was significantly higher than that of the SS-EPI DWI group (both P<0.05). The subjective score of artifacts and geometric deformation of ZOOMit-DWI group was significantly lower than that of the SS-EPI DWI group (both P<0.05). ADC had no significant difference between the ZOOMit-DWI group and the SS-EPI DWI group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The image quality of ZOOMit-DWI is significantly higher than that of conventional SS-EPI DWI. In the MRI DWI examination of endometrial carcinoma, ZOOMit-DWI can effectively reduce the geometric deformation and artifacts of the image, which is more conducive to clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Endometrium ; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods* ; Reproducibility of Results

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC), and right atrial embolism is a rare solid tumor, whose etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Moreover, it is often misdiagnosed. One patient with renal AML complicated with renal vein, IVC, and right atrial embolism was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, who was a 35-year-old female, without any previous medical history, presented with right low back pain for more than 3 years. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed irregular lobulated fatty density mass in the right kidney, renal vein, IVC, and right atrium. The contrast-enhanced scan showed no enhancement of fat components at each phase and mild enhancement of solid components. Radical resection of the right kidney and removal of tumor thrombus were performed, and there was no recurrence 1 year after the operation. It is rare for renal AML to grow along the renal vein, IVC, and extend to the right atrium. Imaging examination is extremely important, and the CT findings of this case are characteristic, but the diagnosis eventually depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.
Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology* ; Angiomyolipoma/surgery* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery* ; Embolism/pathology* ; Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology*

Objective Toevaluatetheefficacyofneoadjuvantchemotherapy(NACT)forlocallyadvancedcervicalcancer(LACC) byusinghighresolutionRESOLVE DWIsequence..Methods 34patientswithLACCconfirmedbypathologyunderwentroutine plainandenhancementMRscanandRESOLVE DWIscan withbvalueof0 mm2/s,1000 mm2/sbeforeNACT,afterthefirst chemotherapy(2.5weekslater)andthesecondchemotherapy(5weekslater).TheADCvaluewascalculated.Thetumorvolumewas calculatedusingtumorsegmentationsoftware.Therateoftumorwithdrawalwascalculatedinthemiddle(2.5weeksafterthefirst chemotherapy)andlatestages(2.5weeksafterthesecondchemotherapy),whichwerejudgedaccordingtotheRECIST1.1standard. Results In29patientsofeffectivetreatment,theADCvaluesoftheLACCsignificantlyincreasedfrompre-chemotherapy[(0.887± 0.14)×10-3 mm2/s]toafterthefirstchemotherapy [(0.974±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s]andsecondchemotherapy [(1.023±0.17)× 10-3 mm2/s](t=2.403 ,P<0.05;t=3.397,P<0.05).Theratesoftumorwithdrawalsignificantlyincreasedfromthefirstchemotherapy (58.21%±20%)tothesecondchemotherapy(77.60%±12%)(t=4.297,P<0.05)I.n5casesofineffectivetreatment,theADCvaluesofthe LACCshowedadownwardtrendfrompre-chemotherapy[(0.867±0.06)×10-3 mm2/s]toafterthefirstchemotherapy[(0.848±0.16 )× 10-3 mm2/s]andsecondchemotherapy [(0.842±0.15)×10-3 mm2/s](t=0.934,P=0.378;t=0.886,P=0.401).Theratesof tumorwithdrawalshowedadownwardtrendfromthefirstchemotherapy(14.14%±15%)tothesecondchemotherapy(-21.22%±13%) (t=1.003,P=0.345).Conclusion TheADCvalueofRESOLVEDWIandtherateoftumorwithdrawalmaybeusedtoevaluatethe efficacyofNACTforthepatientswithLACC,whichwouldhavegoodclinicalpracticalvalue.

To compare the effect of cold or room temperature of tumescence anesthesia solution on pain perception during and after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins of lower limb.
 Methods: A total of 51 patients with lower extremity varicose vein were treated by EVLA with tumescence anesthesia solution. All patients were used for local anesthesia and randomly divided into 2 groups according to the temperature of tumescence anesthesia solution: Group A (n=26) with room temperature (24 ℃) of tumescence anesthesia solution and Group B (n=25) with cold (4 ℃) tumescence anesthesia solution. Number rating scale (NRS) was recorded immediately after the procedure and postoperative 1, 2, 3 day. Patients were asked to register pain scores during the week.
 Results: The mean linear endovenous energy density (LEED) in the 2 groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). The ratio of patients without pain during the operation in the Group A was lower than that in the Group B (30.8% vs 64%, P<0.05). On the day of operation and postoperative day 1, 2, 3, the average number rating scale (NRS) scores in the Group A were greater than those in the Group B (P<0.05). Postoperative day 1, only 30.8% of the patients in the Group A resumed daily activities, which was lower than that (68% of the patients) in the Group B.
 Conclusion: In the process of EVLA for varicose veins of lower limb, there is less pain during operation and post-operation using cold tumescence anesthesia solution comparing room temperature tumescence anesthesia solution.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Cold Temperature ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; physiopathology ; Laser Therapy ; Lower Extremity ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Perception ; physiology ; Pain, Postoperative ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Varicose Veins ; physiopathology ; surgery

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postoperative follow-up helps to determine tumor survival and necrosis timely and accurately and plays an important role in evaluating therapeutic outcome, guiding future treatment, and reducing pain. This article introduces the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging, diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging, in observing the changes in metabolism, blood flow, energy, and blood oxygen in tumor cells and points out that functional magnetic resonance imaging has promising prospects in evaluating the therapeutic effect of TACE in HCC.

BACKGROUND:Superparamagnetic iron oxide has been widely used in biomedical applications, especialy in the field of targeted diagnosis and therapy. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the physicochemical property, preparation, surface modification, product testing and biomedical applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide. METHODS: In order to search relevant articles about the physicochemical property and biomedical applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide from PubMed, Sciencedirect, CNKI and Wanfang databases (from 2000 to 2014), a computer-based search was performed using the keywords of “superparamagnetic iron oxide, preparation, coprecipitation, surface modification, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, fluorescent tracing, targeted therapy” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The superparamagnetic iron oxide can be produced in the laboratory, and the preparation methods include hydrothermal method, vapor deposition method, mechanical miling method, liquid-phase microwave dielectric heating method, sol-gel method, emulsion method, co-precipitation method. Moreover, the superparamagnetic iron oxide can have different properties by surface modification and be applied in many biomedical fields, such as magnetic resonance contrast agent, fluorescent tracer, nanoparticle targeted therapy, hyperthermia and bioseparation.

At present, the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) and the self-expandable metal stent implantation are commonly recognized as an effective treatment for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction, but the restenosis of biliary stent significantly affect the therapeutic result and prognosis.Percutaneous transhepatic intraductal radiofrequency ablation can be used together with biliary stent implantation, which can prolong the patency time of biliary stent and control the local tumor at the narrowed segment, thus, the therapeutic effect of malignant biliary obstruction can be reliably improved. As a kind of newly-developed therapy, its clinical safety is especially important. This paper aims to make a review about the safety of percutaneous transhepatic intraductal radiofrequency ablation combined with biliary stent implantation in treating malignant biliary obstruction.

The inflammatory lesion of the pituitary gland is unusual. A 33-year-old woman with headache, visual impairment, and menelipsis was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pituitary gland showed a sellar mass with iso-intensity on T1 weighted imaging and high signal on T2 weighted imaging. The homogeneous lesion was enhanced on contrast MRI. The pituitary stalk was thickened accompanied by the cavernous sinus invasion, which showed a "triangle" saddle occupation on the MRI coronal plane. An endocrinological examination revealed mild hypocortisolism. Th e patient was diagnosed as pituitary adenoma based on the MRI findings and endocrinological examination. Trans-sphenoidal surgery was performed. The intra-operative histological examination also suggested a pituitary adenoma. Th e histopathological examination showed accumulation of foamy cells and xanthomatous epithelioid cells, supporting the diagnosis of xanthomatous hypophysitis. Xanthomatous hypophysitis possesses certain MRI features. Th e most typical imaging features are the thickening of the pituitary stalk and the sign of "triangle" occupation on MRI coronal plane, which are very helpful to the correct diagnosis and optimal management.
Adenoma ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Diseases ; diagnosis ; Pituitary Gland ; pathology ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the imaging manifestations of CT, MRI and pathological basis for hepatic capsular retraction syndrome caused by benign and malignant liver tumors.
 METHODS: CT or MRI images and pathological features for hepatic capsular retraction syndrome were retrospectively analyzed in 50 patients with benign and malignant liver tumors. Picture archive and communication system (PACS) was used to observe and compare the morphology, size, width, depth, edge of the capsular retraction and the status of liquid under the liver capsule. The structure, differentiation and proliferation of the tumor were analyzed under the microscope.
 RESULTS: There were malignant liver tumors in 44 patients and benign tumor in 6 patients. The smooth or rough for the edge of capsular retraction was significant difference between the benign tumors and the malignant tumors with three differentiated grades (all P<0.05). There were significant difference in the width and depth for capsule retraction with different amount of fibrous tissues (all P<0.05). The width and depth of capsule retraction were positively correlated to the size of the tumors (r=0.557, 0.309 respectively, both P<0.05).
 CONCLUSION Benign and malignant hepatic tumors may appear capsule retraction syndrome, but there are morphological differences between them. The differences are closely related with the lesion size, differentiated degree of tumor and fibrous tissue proliferation.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Tetraspanin 24 ; metabolism