Background Cooking oil fumes are closely related to immune response, and adipose tissue also plays an important role in immune regulation. At present, the biological effect and mechanism of inflammation of adipose tissue induced by oil fume exposure are not clear yet. Objective To investigate the inflammatory effect of different exposure duration of cooking fumes on adipose tissue in mice and explore the role of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1)/interleukin (IL)-1β signaling pathway. Methods Forty 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3-day control group (CON₃ group), 7-day control group (CON₇ group), 3-day oil fume exposure group (COF₃ group), and 7-day oil fume exposure group (COF₇ group), with 10 mice in each group. The mice were exposed to oil fumes in a cooking oil fume formation and exposure equipment (COFFEE) for 20 min, followed by a 10-min pause, 1 h a day for consecutive 3 d or 7 d. General condition of mice was observed and body weight was measured every day. After exposure, blood was sampled from the eyeball. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adipose tissue of mice was collected and observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells in adipose tissue were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose. Results Compared with the corresponding control group, serum IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β contents in the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were significantly increased (P<0.05) except IL-6 in the COF₃ group, and the levels in the COF₇ group were significantly higher than those in the COF₃ group (P<0.05). Vacuolar lipid droplets in adipocytes decreased, cytoplasm shrank, and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the COF₇ group after HE staining. The flow cytometry results showed that the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells in adipocytes of the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were increased compared to the corresponding control group, with a significant increase in the COF₇ group (P<0.05), and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺T ratio also significantly increased progressively in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue of mice in the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of mice in each exposure group gradually increased over time. The Western blot results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase 1 in the COF₃ group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expression of IL-1β protein also increased but without statistical significance. The protein expressions of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in the COF₇ group were significantly higher than those in the CON₇ group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Acute exposure to cooking oil fumes can induce significant inflammatory response in adipose tissue, and the effect gradually increases with the extension of exposure time. The mechanism of action may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the ratio of C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin (CAR) and the syndrome type of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A case-control study was conducted to select 63 severe patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2022 to December 2023, including 50 severe cases and 13 critical cases. The clinical data of the patients were collected. According to the syndrome differentiation of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue, there were 21 cases of Qi syndrome, 20 cases of Ying syndrome and 22 cases of Xue syndrome. The differences of CRP, ALB and CAR levels in patients with different Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndromes were compared. Spearman correlation test was used to test the correlation between CRP, ALB, CAR and the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome type, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to detect the diagnostic efficacy of CRP, ALB and CAR on the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome type.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical classification of Western medicine among the three groups ( P<0.05). The CAR of the Ying group and the Xue group was higher than that of the Qi group ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in age and comorbidities (all P>0.05). The CRP of the Xue group was higher than that of the Qi group ( P<0.05), and the ALB of the Ying group and the Xue group was lower than that of the Qi group (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome type and CRP, ALB and CAR ( P<0.05), among which CAR changed most significantly with the change of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome type. ROC curve analysis showed that CRP, ALB and CAR had good diagnostic value for Qi syndrome and Xue syndrome ( P<0.05). The critical values of the diagnosis of Qi syndrome were 48.57 mg/L, 34.20 g/L and 2.97. The critical values of the diagnosis of Xue syndrome were 28.30 mg/L, 26.6 g/L and 5.96. Conclusions:CAR ratio is correlated with the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome type of severe COVID-19 patients, and its level changes are in line with the evolution law of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome. CAR≤2.97 is contributed to the diagnosis of Qi syndrome, and CAR>5.96 is contributed to the diagnosis of Xue syndrome. CAR may be an objective index related to the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome type of severe COVID-19 patients.

Objective To investigate the attributable risk(AR)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)infection in criti-cally ill patients.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients in inten-sive care unit(ICU).Patients with AB isolated from sterile body fluid and confirmed with AB infection in each cen-ter were selected as the infected group.According to the matching criteria that patients should be from the same pe-riod,in the same ICU,as well as with similar APACHE Ⅱ score(±5 points)and primary diagnosis,patients who did not infect with AB were selected as the non-infected group in a 1:2 ratio.The AR was calculated.Results The in-hospital mortality of patients with AB infection in sterile body fluid was 33.3％,and that of non-infected group was 23.1％,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.069).The AR was 10.2％(95％CI:-2.3％-22.8％).There is no statistically significant difference in mortality between non-infected pa-tients and infected patients from whose blood,cerebrospinal fluid and other specimen sources AB were isolated(P＞0.05).After infected with AB,critically ill patients with the major diagnosis of pulmonary infection had the high-est AR.There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients in the infected and non-infec-ted groups(P＞0.05),or between other diagnostic classifications.Conclusion The prognosis of AB infection in critically ill patients is highly overestimated,but active healthcare-associated infection control for AB in the ICU should still be carried out.

[摘 要] 目的：探究SOX9通过上调长链非编码RNA LINC01503的表达对喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭及肿瘤干细胞干性的影响。方法： 常规培养人LSCC细胞AMC-HN-8、TU177、TU212和TU686，用转染试剂将敲减序列及其对照核酸（si-SOX9-NC、si-SOX9#1、 si-SOX9#2、si-LINC01503-NC、si-LINC01503#1、si-LINC01503#2）或过表达质粒及其对照核酸（pcDNA3.1-SOX-NC、pcDNA3.1-SOX-oe、pcDNA3.1-LIN01503-NC和pcDNA3.1-LIN01503-oe）分别转染至TU177细胞或TU686细胞，记为si-SOX9-NC组、si-SOX9#1组、si-SOX9#2组、si-LINC01503-NC组、si-LINC01503#1组、si-LINC01503#2组；pcDNA3.1-SOX9-NC组、pcDNA3.1-SOX9-oe组、pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-NC组、pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-oe组、si-SOX9-NC + pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-NC组和si-SOX9 + pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-oe组。qPCR法检测SOX9 mRNA和LINC01503 在各组细胞中的表达，生物信息学分析SOX9与LINC0503启动子区的结合位点，双萤光素酶报告基因实验和染色质免疫共沉淀实验验证SOX9与LINC01503启动子区是否直接结合，WB法检测SOX9的敲减效率及LINC01503对TU177和TU686细胞干性标志物表达的影响，MTS法检测各组细胞的增殖活力，划痕愈合和Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞的迁移能力，克隆形成实验检测各组细胞的克隆形成能力。结果：SOX9在各种LSCC细胞中呈高表达（均P < 0.05），数据库数据分析显示，在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中，SOX9与LINC01503表达呈正相关（R = 0.12，P = 0.005 9）；SOX9可与LINC01503启动子区直接结合并促进其转录表达（均P < 0.05）；敲减LINC01503可明显抑制TU177细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭（均P < 0.05），过表达LINC01503明显促进TU686细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的能力（均P < 0.05），提高TU686细胞克隆形成能力和细胞干性标志物分子CD133、OCT4、SOX2的mRNA和蛋白水平表达（均P < 0.05），敲减LINC01503则均可抑制TU686细胞的克隆形成和细胞干性标志物的表达（均P < 0.05）；敲减SOX9均可明显抑制TU177细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，降低其干性细胞标志物的表达（均P < 0.05），同时过表达LINC01503则可部分逆转敲减SOX9对TU177细胞恶性生物学行为和干性标志物表达的抑制作用（均P < 0.05）。结论：SOX9和LINC01503在LSCC细胞中呈高表达，SOX9可能通过上调LINC01503表达提高LSCC细胞增殖、转移和侵袭能力和肿瘤干细胞干性。

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) .Methods:In this multicenter, retrospective clinical study, adult patients aged ≥18 years who underwent allo-HSCT for sAML at four centers of the Zhejiang Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Collaborative Group from January 2014 to November 2022 were included, and the efficacy and prognostic factors of allo-HSCT were analyzed.Results:A total of 95 patients were enrolled; 66 (69.5%) had myelodysplastic syndrome-acute myeloid leukemia (MDS-AML) , 4 (4.2%) had MDS/MPN-AML, and 25 (26.3%) had therapy-related AML (tAML) . The 3-year CIR, LFS, and overall survival (OS) rates were 18.6% (95% CI 10.2%-27.0%) , 70.6% (95% CI 60.8%-80.4%) , and 73.3% (95% CI 63.9%-82.7%) , respectively. The 3-year CIRs of the M-AML group (including MDS-AML and MDS/MPN-AML) and the tAML group were 20.0% and 16.4%, respectively ( P=0.430) . The 3-year LFSs were 68.3% and 75.4%, respectively ( P=0.176) . The 3-year OS rates were 69.7% and 75.4%, respectively ( P=0.233) . The 3-year CIRs of the groups with and without TP53 mutations were 60.0% and 13.7%, respectively ( P=0.003) ; the 3-year LFSs were 20.0% and 76.5%, respectively ( P=0.002) ; and the 3-year OS rates were 40.0% and 77.6%, respectively ( P=0.002) . According to European LeukmiaNet 2022 (ELN2022) risk stratification, the 3-year CIRs of patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 8.3%, 17.8%, and 22.6%, respectively ( P=0.639) . The three-year LFSs were 91.7%, 69.5%, and 65.6%, respectively ( P=0.268) . The 3-year OS rates were 91.7%, 71.4%, and 70.1%, respectively ( P=0.314) . Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced disease at allo-HSCT and TP53 mutations were independent risk factors for CIR, LFS, and OS. Conclusion:There was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients who underwent allo-HSCT among the MDS-AML, MDS/MPN-AML, and tAML groups. Advanced disease at transplantation and TP53 mutations were poor prognostic factors. ELN2022 risk stratification had limited value for predicting the prognosis of patients with sAML following allo-HSCT.

Objective:To discuss the association between occupational acid fog exposure and accelerated biological aging of the workers,and to clarify its related risk factors.Methods:A total of 341 male workers exposed to occupational acid fog and 201 male workers without occupational exposure were selected as the study subjects,and they were divided into exposure group and control group,respectively.The general informations of the subjects in two groups were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations.The levels of red blood cell count(RBC),platelet count(PLT),albumin(ALB),urea(Urea),creatinine(CR),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),glycated hemoglobin(HBA1c),and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(Hs-CRP)in serum of the subjects in two groups were detected.The Klemera-Doubal method(KDM)was used to construct the composite aging measure,KDM-biological age(BA)(KDM-BA).The model parameters were trained using samples from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)Database to calculate the BA acceleration of the subjects in two groups;stratified analysis based on the population characteristics was conducted to analyze the BA of the subjects in two groups with different population characteristics;generalized linear model was used to analyze the factors influencing BA acceleration due to acid fog exposure.Results:The model parameters were trained using samples from the 2009 CHNS Database,including 8 133 cases aged 20-79 years,of which 3 788 were male.The levels of Urea,CR,HBA1c,ALB,and TC,as well as systolic blood pressure(SBP),total working years,sleep duration,and body mass index(BMI)of the subjects between two groups had significant differences(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the BA acceleration of the subjects in exposure group was significantly increased(P<0.05).In entire population and exposure group,the BA acceleration in the smokers was significantly higher than that in the non-smokers(P<0.05).In entire population,control group,and exposure group,the BA accelerations of the subjects in different BMI groups were significantly decreased with the increase of BMI(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the BA acceleration of the subjects in exposure group was significantly increased(P<0.05),including those under 40 years old,with total working years of 4-7 years,Han nationality,unmarried,smokers,and sleep duration 6-7 h,and with overweight.Acid fog exposure,smoking,and BMI were associated with the BA acceleration(β=0.72,95%CI:0.24-1.21;β=0.59,95%CI:0.11-1.06;β=-0.29,95%CI:-0.35—-0.22).Conclusion:Occupational acid fog exposure may accelerate the biological aging in the workers,and acid fog is a risk factor to accelerate the biological aging of the body.

Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease.Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha.However,it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT).Recent research,encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques,contributes to our understanding of the root canal system's anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT.Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients,infection severity,root canal anatomy,and treatment techniques.Therefore,improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions.The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions,tooth conditions,root canal configuration,and root canal needing retreatment,and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes.The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT.These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.

Helicobacter pylori(HP),a well-established carcinogenic factor,is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer,gastric cancer,and other related diseases.Recent studies have unveiled a significant association between HP infection and an increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Furthermore,it has been observed that eradication of HP can ameliorate metabolic disorders and relieve NAFLD.Some studies have explored the possible mechanism,which may be related to energy metabolism disorder and gut microbiota imbalance caused by HP.This review outlined the current research status regarding the association between HP and NAFLD,as well as elucidated the potential mechanisms through which HP promoted the onset and progression of NAFLD.

Non-communicable diseases(NCDs),including cardiovascular diseases,cancer,metabolic diseases,and skeletal diseases,pose significant challenges to public health worldwide.The complex pathogenesis of these diseases is closely linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory damage.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a critical transcription factor,plays an important role in regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses to protect the cells from oxidative damage and inflammation-mediated injury.Therefore,Nrf2-targeting therapies hold promise for preventing and treating NCDs.Quercetin(Que)is a widely available flavonoid that has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.It modulates the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation.Que modulates mitochondrial function,apoptosis,autophagy,and cell damage biomarkers to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation,highlighting its efficacy as a therapeutic agent against NCDs.Here,we discussed,for the first time,the close association between NCD pathogenesis and the Nrf2 signaling pathway,involved in neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs),cardiovascular disease,cancers,organ damage,and bone damage.Furthermore,we reviewed the availability,pharmacokinetics,pharmaceutics,and therapeutic applica-tions of Que in treating NCDs.In addition,we focused on the challenges and prospects for its clinical use.Que represents a promising candidate for the treatment of NCDs due to its Nrf2-targeting properties.

Chondroitin sulfate sodium is a sulphated glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine,prepared from the cartilage tissue of land or marine animal by a specific extraction and purification process.Chondroitin sulfate sodium is considered to have anti-osteoarthritis effect and many other potential physiological activities.It has broad application prospects and development space in the fields of health food,cosmetics,and drugs.This paper reviews the preparation process of chondroitin sulfate sodium,development and problems of microbial synthesis technology and the research status of anti-osteoarthritis activity based on cells models,animal models and clinical randomized controlled trials(RCT).The limitations of current research are analyzed and corresponding strategies are proposed to provide reference for further standardization and development of chondroitin sulfate sodium.