Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly resulting from infolding of the enamel organ into dental papilla prior to calcification of dental tissue. The pulpal tissue of the tooth can be vulnerable for bacterial invasion through direct exposure to the oral cavity or through defective enamel and dentin of the infolding part, thereby increasing the possibility of pulpal necrosis and subsequent apical periodontitis. Treatment planning of teeth with dens invaginatus may be difficult due to the complex root canal morphology. Therefore, thorough knowledge of anatomical variations of dens invaginatus is of great importance for proper treatment planning. The focus of this case report is on Oehler’s type II and III dens invaginatus. The infolding of type III dens invaginatus extends beyond the crown and CEJ. Bacterial invasion through the infolding can easily cause inflammation of the pulpal and periradicular tissue. This case report presents endodontic treatment of type II and III dens invaginatus with the aid of CBCT.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1), which is involved in vascular remodeling and bone formation, can stimulate odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis when administered to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Materials and Methods: The viability of hDPSCs upon exposure to CTHRC1 was assessed with the WST-1 assay. CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL were administered to hDPSCs.Reverse-transcription polymerase reaction was used to detect dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2. The formation of mineralization nodules was evaluated using Alizarin red. A scratch wound assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of CTHRC1 on cell migration. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL had no significant effect on the viability of hDPSCs. Mineralized nodules were formed and odontogenic markers were upregulated, indicating that CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation. Scratch wound assays demonstrated that CTHRC1 significantly enhanced the migration of hDPSCs. Conclusions CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in hDPSCs.

Purpose: A mismatched size in the post and post space is a common problem during post-fixation. Since this discordance affects the bonding strength of the fiber-reinforced composite resin post (FRC Post), a corresponding luting agent is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of the FRC post according to the fitness of the fiber post and the type of luting agent. Materials and Methods: Thirty mandibular premolar were endodontic-treated and assigned to two groups according to their prepared post space: Fitting (F) and Mismatching (M). These groups were further classified into three subgroups according to their luting agent: RelyX Unicem (ReX), Luxacore dual (Lux), and Duolink (Duo). A push-out test was performed to measure the push-out bond strengths. The fractured surfaces of each cross-section were then examined, and the fracture modes were classified. Results In the ReX and Duo subgroups, the F group had a higher mean bond strength; however, the Lux subgroup had no significant difference between the F and M groups. In the analysis of the failure modes, the ReX subgroup had only adhesive failures between the cement and dentin. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the bond strength of an FRC post was influenced by the type of luting agent and the mismatch between the diameter of the prepared post space and that of the post.

Decalcification of the buccal surface of the teeth often occurs during fixed orthodontic treatment. This case report describes two cases in which cervical decalcificated teeth that occurred during orthodontic treatment were treated with direct resin veneer restoration. Early lesions without caries can be remineralized through periodic fluoride application, diet control, and oral hygiene improvement. As it progresses, appropriate repair treatment is required, and it is more preferable to focus on prevention rather than treatment after the occurrence of the lesion.

The objective of present study was to compare the color stability of esthetic materials after application of fluoride varnishes. Esthetic restorative materials including composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE, MN, USA), resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI, Fuji II LC, GC Co., Tokyo, Japan), and giomer (Beautifil Flow Plus F00, Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) were used in this study. Cavity shield (3M ESPE, MN, USA) and V-varnish premium (Vericom, Seoul, Korea) were used as the fluoride varnishes. 30 samples of each restorative materials were prepared, which were divided into 10 each, among three groups. Group I were stored in distilled water, which were used as the control, Group II were applied with Cavity shield and Group III were applied with V-varnish premium. All specimens were stored in the distilled water at 60 ℃ for 30 days for the accelerated test. Samples were then subjected to colorimetric analysis. Data collected was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p=0.05). The color change before and after application of varnish was observed in all experimental groups. Especially RMGI showed highest ΔE* value (p<0.05). The color change according to the accelerated test showed no significant difference in the varnish application group and the control group. Giomer and RMGI applied with Cavity shield showed more color change than V-varnish applied group, despite no significant differences. Present study concludes that color stability of esthetic restoration materials can be affected by application of fluoride varnish. Especially, RMGI showed a large color change compared to the composite resin and giomer, which suggested that careful attention should be paid to clinical application.

The objective of present study was to compare the color stability of esthetic materials after application of fluoride varnishes. Esthetic restorative materials including composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE, MN, USA), resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI, Fuji II LC, GC Co., Tokyo, Japan), and giomer (Beautifil Flow Plus F00, Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) were used in this study. Cavity shield (3M ESPE, MN, USA) and V-varnish premium (Vericom, Seoul, Korea) were used as the fluoride varnishes. 30 samples of each restorative materials were prepared, which were divided into 10 each, among three groups. Group I were stored in distilled water, which were used as the control, Group II were applied with Cavity shield and Group III were applied with V-varnish premium. All specimens were stored in the distilled water at 60 ℃ for 30 days for the accelerated test. Samples were then subjected to colorimetric analysis. Data collected was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p=0.05). The color change before and after application of varnish was observed in all experimental groups. Especially RMGI showed highest ΔE* value (p<0.05). The color change according to the accelerated test showed no significant difference in the varnish application group and the control group. Giomer and RMGI applied with Cavity shield showed more color change than V-varnish applied group, despite no significant differences. Present study concludes that color stability of esthetic restoration materials can be affected by application of fluoride varnish. Especially, RMGI showed a large color change compared to the composite resin and giomer, which suggested that careful attention should be paid to clinical application.

Intentional replantation has been used for alternative treatment for conventional root canal therapy. This case report describes that the intentional replantation with application of extrusive orhodontic force for 6 weeks, on which tooth of previous root canal the-rapy. As preapplicatory orthodontic force, tooth moblity was increased so that extraction of the designated tooth was more easily accomplished and augmented volume of periodontal ligament is expected to acceleated gingival reattachment.

Paramolar tubercle is a rare developmental dental anomaly defined as an additional cusp occurring on the buccal or lingual sur-faces of the molar. Permanent molar fused with paramolar tubercles can be a cause of difficulty in root canal treatment. Therefore, proper understanding of these variations is important in order to ensure successful endodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be helpful to understand anatomy of complicated cases. This case report describes nonsurgical endodontictreatment of maxillary second premolar fused with paramolar tubercle.

In the case of crown-root fracture due to traumatic injury in anterior tooth and the fracture margin is located subgingivally,forced eruption has been proposed for the reconstruction of deficient bone and soft tissue. Forced eruption is one of the easiestorthodontic approaches that can have an acceptable outcome and prognosis, and has a low incidence of relapse. However, using heavy forces or very fast movements can also cause tissue damage or ankylosis. The following case reports present forced eruption as treatment option of crown fracture in maxillary anterior teeth.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as the xerostomia, burning sensation and various discomfort of tongue and oral mucosa. BMS can occur in both men and women, but is more frequent in middle-aged menopausal women. Because exact cause can't be identified clearly and it is hard to make diagnosis in clinic, the purpose of the treatment have been to relieve symptoms. Etiology of BMS is divided into local, systemic, and psychological factors. α-lipoic acid, clonazepam, supplemental therapy and cognitive behavior therapy can be prescribed for BMS. Nowdays, many experts focus attention on effect of combination therapy. It is necessary to solve the symptoms of the patients by combination of pharmacological approach and psychotherapy with cognitive behavior therapy considering the factors in various aspects.
Burning Mouth Syndrome ; Burns ; Clonazepam ; Cognitive Therapy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; Psychology ; Psychotherapy ; Sensation ; Tongue ; Xerostomia