Liver tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells play a pivotal role in hepatic immune responses. Theirunique residence within liver sinusoids allow continuous antigen surveillance. In this review, wehighlight the role of liver TRM cells in protective immunity and disease pathology. Comparisons between human and murine liver TRM cells reveal species-specific characteristics, suggesting the need for human-focused studies. One key finding is the involvement of liver TRM cells in viral hepatitis, where they can both control infection and contribute to liver damage. Liver TRM cellsalso exhibit dual roles in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, promoting inflammation and fibrosis while also contributing to fibrosis resolution. In autoimmune liver diseases, suchas autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, the presence of liver TRM cells correlates with disease severity. In this review, we underscore the importance of liver TRM cells invaccine development, particularly vaccines against malaria. Future research should focus on themechanisms governing TRM -cell formation, maintenance, and function, with the aim of supportingtheir protective roles while mitigating detrimental effects. Advancing our understanding of liverTRM cells will enhance our knowledge of liver immunology and inform novel therapeutic strategiesfor liver disease management.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Liver tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells play a pivotal role in hepatic immune responses. Theirunique residence within liver sinusoids allow continuous antigen surveillance. In this review, wehighlight the role of liver TRM cells in protective immunity and disease pathology. Comparisons between human and murine liver TRM cells reveal species-specific characteristics, suggesting the need for human-focused studies. One key finding is the involvement of liver TRM cells in viral hepatitis, where they can both control infection and contribute to liver damage. Liver TRM cellsalso exhibit dual roles in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, promoting inflammation and fibrosis while also contributing to fibrosis resolution. In autoimmune liver diseases, suchas autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, the presence of liver TRM cells correlates with disease severity. In this review, we underscore the importance of liver TRM cells invaccine development, particularly vaccines against malaria. Future research should focus on themechanisms governing TRM -cell formation, maintenance, and function, with the aim of supportingtheir protective roles while mitigating detrimental effects. Advancing our understanding of liverTRM cells will enhance our knowledge of liver immunology and inform novel therapeutic strategiesfor liver disease management.

Liver tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells play a pivotal role in hepatic immune responses. Theirunique residence within liver sinusoids allow continuous antigen surveillance. In this review, wehighlight the role of liver TRM cells in protective immunity and disease pathology. Comparisons between human and murine liver TRM cells reveal species-specific characteristics, suggesting the need for human-focused studies. One key finding is the involvement of liver TRM cells in viral hepatitis, where they can both control infection and contribute to liver damage. Liver TRM cellsalso exhibit dual roles in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, promoting inflammation and fibrosis while also contributing to fibrosis resolution. In autoimmune liver diseases, suchas autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, the presence of liver TRM cells correlates with disease severity. In this review, we underscore the importance of liver TRM cells invaccine development, particularly vaccines against malaria. Future research should focus on themechanisms governing TRM -cell formation, maintenance, and function, with the aim of supportingtheir protective roles while mitigating detrimental effects. Advancing our understanding of liverTRM cells will enhance our knowledge of liver immunology and inform novel therapeutic strategiesfor liver disease management.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Liver tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells play a pivotal role in hepatic immune responses. Theirunique residence within liver sinusoids allow continuous antigen surveillance. In this review, wehighlight the role of liver TRM cells in protective immunity and disease pathology. Comparisons between human and murine liver TRM cells reveal species-specific characteristics, suggesting the need for human-focused studies. One key finding is the involvement of liver TRM cells in viral hepatitis, where they can both control infection and contribute to liver damage. Liver TRM cellsalso exhibit dual roles in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, promoting inflammation and fibrosis while also contributing to fibrosis resolution. In autoimmune liver diseases, suchas autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, the presence of liver TRM cells correlates with disease severity. In this review, we underscore the importance of liver TRM cells invaccine development, particularly vaccines against malaria. Future research should focus on themechanisms governing TRM -cell formation, maintenance, and function, with the aim of supportingtheir protective roles while mitigating detrimental effects. Advancing our understanding of liverTRM cells will enhance our knowledge of liver immunology and inform novel therapeutic strategiesfor liver disease management.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.