Nephroptosis,a rare condition in urology,often results from inadequate support of the kidney's perinephric fat structures,leading to excessive renal mobility.It typically occurs in lean,tall,young females.Some cases manifest with abdominal pain and renal dysfunction.Open nephropexy,laparoscopic nephropexy and percutaneous nephropexy are all effective methods in the treatment of nephroptosis,among which percutaneous nephropexy is associated with less trauma and lower costs.Modifications to percutaneous nephropexy by the authors'team are also introduced mentioned in this article.

Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges.Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage,analytical efficiency,and degree of automation,and the results highly rely on the personal knowledge and experience.The goal of this work was to establish a software-aided approach,by integrating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS)and in-house high-definition MS2 library,to enhance the identification of prototypes and metabolites of the compound formulae in vivo,taking Sishen formula(SSF)as a template.Seven different MS2 acquisition methods were compared,which demonstrated the potency of a hybrid scan approach(namely high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition(HDDIDDA))in the identification precision,MS1 coverage,and MS2 spectra quality.The HDDIDDA data for 55 reference compounds,four component drugs,and SSF,together with the rat bio-samples(e.g.,plasma,urine,feces,liver,and kidney),were acquired.Based on the UNIFI? platform(Waters),the efficient data processing workflows were estab-lished by combining mass defect filtering(MDF)-induced classification,diagnostic product ions(DPIs),and neutral loss filtering(NLF)-dominated structural confirmation.The high-definition MS2 spectral li-braries,dubbed in vitro-SSF and in vivo-SSF,were elaborated,enabling the efficient and automatic identification of SSF-associated xenobiotics in diverse rat bio-samples.Consequently,118 prototypes and 206 metabolites of SSF were identified,with the identification rate reaching 80.51％and 79.61％,respectively.The metabolic pathways mainly involved the oxidation,reduction,hydrolysis,sulfation,methylation,demethylation,acetylation,glucuronidation,and the combined reactions.Conclusively,the proposed strategy can drive the identification of compound formulae-related xenobiotics in vivo in an intelligent manner.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

For wild natural medicine, unanticipated biodiversity as species or varieties with similar morphological characteristics and sympatric distribution may co-exist in a single batch of medical materials, which affects the efficacy and safety of clinical medication. DNA barcoding as an effective species identification tool is limited by its low sample throughput nature. In this study, combining DNA mini-barcode, DNA metabarcoding and species delimitation method, a novel biological sources consistency evaluation strategy was proposed, and high level of interspecific and intraspecific variations were observed and validated among 5376 Amynthas samples from 19 sampling points regarded as "Guang Dilong" and 25 batches of proprietary Chinese medicines. Besides Amynthas aspergillum as the authentic source, 8 other Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) were elucidated. Significantly, even the subgroups within A. aspergillum revealed here differ significantly on chemical compositions and biological activity. Fortunately, this biodiversity could be controlled when the collection was limited to designated areas, as proved by 2796 "decoction pieces" samples. This batch biological identification method should be introduced as a novel concept regarding natural medicine quality control, and to offer guidelines for in-situ conservation and breeding bases construction of wild natural medicine.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in different species and different tissues, and perform different functions, but little is known about their involvement in the synthesis or secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In general, we have revealed lncRNA‍‒‍microRNA (miRNA)‍‒‍‍messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions that may play important roles in rat primary pituitary cells. In this study, a new lncRNA was identified for the first time. First, we analyzed the gene expression of lncRNA-m18as1 in different tissues and different stages by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and observed the localization of lncRNA-m18as1 with fluorescence in situ hybridization, which indicated that this lncRNA was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Next, we used RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze the regulation of FSH synthesis and secretion after overexpression or knockdown of lncRNA-m18as1 and found that lncRNA-m18as1 was positively correlated with FSH synthesis and secretion. In addition, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) was highly expressed in our sequencing results. We also screened miR-18a-5p from our sequencing results as a miRNA that may bind to lncRNA-m18as1 and Smad2. We used RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) and/or dual luciferase assays to confirm that lncRNA-m18as1 interacted with miR-18a-5p and miR-18a-5p interacted with Smad2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that lncRNA-m18as1 and miR-18a-5p were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Finally, we determined the relationship among lncRNA-m18as1, miR-18a-5p, and the Smad2/3 pathway. Overall, we found that lncRNA-m18as1 acts as a molecular sponge of miR-18a-5p to regulate the synthesis and secretion of FSH through the Smad2/3 pathway.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Rats

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different doses of ulinastatin on lung function in patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement.Methods:One hundred and thirty five patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection of both sexes, aged 20-70 yr, with body mass index of 16.2-33.3 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status Ⅳ, were divided into 3 groups ( n=45 each) using a random number table method: high-dose ulinastatin group (group H with total dose of 30 000 U/kg), low-dose ulinastatin group (group L with total dose of 20 000 U/kg) and control group (group C). In group H and group L, half of the total dose of ulinastatin was given after induction of anesthesia, the rest of the total dose was primed after being added to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit, while normal saline 100 ml was given at the same time point in group C. After induction of anesthesia (T 0), and at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the beginning of CPB (T 1-5), blood samples from the central vein were collected for determination of plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The oxygenation index (OI) and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen difference (P A-aO 2) at T 0 and T 2-T 5, intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and the incidence of complications within 30 days after surgery were collected. Results:Compared with group C, the plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly at T 1-T 5, OI was increased, and P A-aO 2 was decreased at T 2, 3 in H and L groups ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay and incidence of complications within 30 days after surgery among the 3 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Ulinastatin can inhibit inflammatory responses and improve lung function in patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement, but it has no value for clinical outcomes.

Objective:To develop a novel posterior circulation score (PCS) based on pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for predicting futile recanalization (FR) of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) after endovascular therapy (EVT).Methods:A prospectively registered consecutive cohort of BAO patients treated with EVT in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University during a six-year period was reviewed. This novel DWI-based PCS (DWI-PCS) was calculated according to the characteristics of acute infarction at four sites (pons, midbrain, thalamus and cerebellum), with a normal score of 0 point and a full score of 16 points. FR was defined as the occurrence of poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score>3) at 90 days despite successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction ≥ 2b) at final angiogram after EVT. The independent association of DWI-PCS with FR was evaluated by multivariable Logistic regression, and the predictive discrimination of DWI-PCS was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, the effects of DWI-PCS on FR in different subgroups stratified by age, time window, stroke severity and etiology were explored.Results:Of 109 patients in this study, 48 (44.0%) suffered from FR. The multivariable Logistic analysis showed that DWI-PCS was significantly associated with FR (adjusted OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.62, P=0.01). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve of DWI-PCS for predicting FR was 0.74 (95% CI 0.65-0.83), and the optimal cut-off value was ≥ 3 points (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.66, accuracy 0.70). Finally, the effects of DWI-PCS on FR were not found to be different across all subgroups ( P>0.10 for all interactions). Conclusions:The novel DWI-PCS may be a valid and reliable predictor of FR in BAO patients treated with EVT. Nevertheless, external validation with blinded outcome is still needed to confirm its performance before clinical application.

Inherent complexity of plant metabolites necessitates the use of multi-dimensional information to accomplish comprehensive profiling and confirmative identification. A dimension-enhanced strategy, by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spec-trometry (2D-LC/IM-QTOF-MS) enabling four-dimensional separations (2D-LC, IM, and MS), is proposed. In combination with in-house database-driven automated peak annotation, this strategy was utilized to characterize ginsenosides simultaneously from white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG). An offline 2D-LC system configuring an Xbridge Amide column and an HSS T3 column showed orthogonality 0.76 in the resolution of ginsenosides. Ginsenoside analysis was performed by data-independent high-definition MSE (HDMSE) in the negative ESI mode on a Vion TM IMS-QTOF hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometer, which could better resolve ginsenosides than MSE and directly give the CCS information. An in-house ginsenoside database recording 504 known ginsenosides and 58 reference compounds, was estab-lished to assist the identification of ginsenosides. Streamlined workflows, by applying UNIFI TM to auto-matedly annotate the HDMSE data, were proposed. We could separate and characterize 323 ginsenosides (including 286 from WG and 306 from RG), and 125 thereof may have not been isolated from the Panax genus. The established 2D-LC/IM-QTOF-HDMSE approach could also act as a magnifier to probe differ-entiated components between WG and RG. Compared with conventional approaches, this dimension-enhanced strategy could better resolve coeluting herbal components and more efficiently, more reli-ably identify the multicomponents, which, we believe, offers more possibilities for the systematic exposure and confirmative identification of plant metabolites.

Objective To understand the present condition of preclinical dental undergraduate in-terns' AIDS-related knowledge. Methods The questionnaire was designed referring to domestic and foreign relevant questionnaires. The cluster sampling method was used to conduct the questionnaire survey among the undergraduates who started their clinical internship in July 2016 in three domestic colleges, using SPSS 14.0 statistical software to analyze it. Results In this survey, 144 questionnaires were distributed, and 144 ones were filled out and sent back. The survey results suggested that 97.22％ (140) of interns held a posi-tive attitude towards aiding HIV-infected patients despite that 96.53％ (139) of interns knew that dental medical staff was considered to be highly susceptible with HIV. In spite of the fact that most interns knew AIDS-related knowledge and protection measures, 40.28％ (58) of interns were not clear about incubation period of AIDS, and the average awareness of children's AIDS and methods to disinfect HIV-infected dental instruments was less than half in the interns. Meanwhile it was found that 86.81％ (125) of interns didn't perform well in terms of complying with the principles of confidentiality in AIDS prevention and treatment. Conclusion Dental clinical interns' attitudes towards AIDS-infected patients should be praised. Further-more, they should accept education about infection control to have a deeper understanding about AIDS-related clinical manifestations and legal knowledge in order to reduce the probability of nosocomial infec-tion of AIDS.

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on neuronal apoptosis during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods One hundred eight male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 250-270 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =36 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),I/R group and H2S group.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in anesthetized rats.A nylon thread with a rounded tip was inserted into the left internal carotid artery and advanced intracranially to block blood flow into the middle cerebral artery.Middle cerebral artery occlusion was maintained for 90 min followed by reperfusion.In group H2S,0.25％ NaSH (a donor of exogenous H2S) 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at the onset of reperfusion.The equal volume of normal saline was given in C and I/R groups.At 1,3 and 7 days of reperfusion,neurological deficit was scored,and corner test was performed.Brains were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size,Bax-,Bcl-2-and caspase-3-positive cells,and cell apoptosis.The percentage of myocardial infarct size,rate of Bax-,Bcl-2-and caspase-3-positive cells and apoptosis rate were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the neurological deficit score was significantly decreased,and the corner score,percentage of myocardial infarct size,rate of Bax-,Bcl-2-and caspase-3-positive cells and apoptosis rate were increased at each time point of reperfusion in I/R and H2S groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the neurological deficit score and Bcl-2-positive cells were significantly increased,and the corner score,percentage of myocardial infarct size,rate of Bax-and caspase-3-positive cells and apoptosis rate were decreased at each time point of reperfusion in group H2S (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which exogenous H2S attenuates focal cerebral I/R is related to inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in rats.