Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of J147 on the injury of human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y)induced by high glucose(HG).Methods We established HG-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury model.Then SH-SY5Y cells were divided into blank control(Con)group HG group,HG+J147 0.5 μmol/L(HG+J147 0.5)group,HG+J147 1 μmol/L(HG+J147 1)group,HG+J147 2 μmol/L(HG+J147 2)group,HG+PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002(LY)10 μmol/L(HG+LY)group,HG+ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126(U0)5 μmol/L(HG+U0)group,HG+J147 2 μmol/L+LY 10 μmol/L(HG+J147 2+LY)group,HG+J147 2 μmol/L+U0 5 μmol/L(HG+J147 2+U0)group.Cell viability was detected by MTS cell proliferation and toxicity detection kit;LDH activity was tested by lactate dehydrogenase kit;morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated by microscope;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;and apoptosis-related proteins(Bcl-2,Bax)and signaling pathway-related proteins(p-AKT,AKT,p-ERK1/2,ERK1/2,p-CREB,CREB,BDNF)were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with Con group,the cell viability,Bcl-2/Bax ratio,p-AKT/AKT,p-ERK/ERK,p-CREB/CREB and BDNF protein expressions decreased(P<0.01),while LDH activity and apoptosis rate increased in HG group(P<0.01).Compared with HG group,the cell viability,Bcl-2/Bax ratio,p-AKT/AKT,p-ERK/ERK,p-CREB/CREB and BDNF protein expressions increased(P<0.01),while LDH activity and apoptosis rate decreased in HG+J147 2 group(P<0.01).Compared with HG+J147 2 group,the cell viability,Bcl-2/Bax ratio,p-AKT/AKT and BDNF protein expression decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while LDH activity and apoptosis rate increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the expression of p-ERK/ERK protein in HG+J147 2+LY group decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of p-CREB/CREB protein in HG+J147 2+U0 group decreased in HG+J147 2+LY and HG+J147 2+U0 groups(P<0.05).Conclusions J147 can alleviate HG-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling and the reduction of apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of different feeding patterns on the physical and nutritional status of children aged 6‒12 months， so as to provide reference for promoting scientific feeding and health development of infants and young children. MethodsChildren born between December 2019 and February 2020 and who had completed three follow-up visits at 6‒， 9‒ （8‒10 months） and 12‒ （11‒14 months） months old in all of the 13 communities of Minhang， Shanghai were selected. The subjects’ basic information was investigated by questionnaires. The indicators including feeding pattern， physical development （body weight， body length， head circumference） and nutritional status （the detection rate of overweight， obesity， low body weight， growth retardation， emaciation and iron deficiency anemia） were followed up in the outpatient department， with iron deficiency anemia only monitored at the 6‒ and 12‒ months old. According to different feeding patterns， the groups of 6‒ months old were divided into three groups of exclusive breast feeding （EBF）， mixed feeding （MF） and artificial feeding （AF）， while 9‒ and 12‒ months old were divided into MF and AF groups. The differences of basic information and follow-up results among the groups were analyzed. ResultsA total of 470 children were included， including 130 （27.66%）， 288 （61.28%） and 52 （11.06%） respectively in EBF， MF and AF groups at the 6‒ months old，and 319 （67.87%） and 196 （41.70%） in MF group at the 9‒ and 12‒ months old. There was no significant difference in the other follow-up results among the groups. The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in 6‒ months old EBF （13.08%） was higher than that in MF group （5.90%） and AF group （1.92%） （χ²=8.40， P=0.010）， while it was still higher in 12‒ months old MF group （9.69%） than in AF group （2.92%） （χ²=9.68， P=0.002）. ConclusionThere is no significant difference in body weight，body length， head circumference， and the detection rates of overweight， obesity， low body weight， growth retardation and emaciation among the groups of different feeding patterns in the children aged 6‒12 months. The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in the EBF and MF groups is significantly higher than that in the AF groups of children aged 6‒ and 12‒ months old.

Objective:To study the effect of Long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 12(SNHG12)regulating miR-138-5p/hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)axis on improving the damage of hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)human vas-cular endothelial cells.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group,H/R model group,H/R+LncRNA SNHG12 overexpression group,H/R+miR-138-5p mimics group,H/R+co-transfec-tion group and H/R+co-transfection negative control group,each transfection group was transfected separately,and except for control group,the remaining groups were given hypoxia for 5 hours and then reoxygenated for 1 hour to induce the cell models,and then the cell viability of each group was detected by CCK-8 experiment;the cell apoptosis in each group was detected by flow cytometry experi-ment,and the apoptosis rate of each group was compared;the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-17 and IL-18 in each group were measured by the kit;the expressions of miR-138-5p and HIF-1α mRNA in cells of each group were measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)experiment;the expressions of apoptotic pro-teins caspase-9,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and HIF-1α in each group were evaluated by Western blot.Results:Compared with control group,the apoptosis rate,cellular ROS,LDH,IL-6,IL-17 and IL-18 levels,cellular HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels,cellular caspase-9,Bax and HIF-1α protein levels were increased in H/R model group(P<0.05),the cell viability and miR-138-5p level were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with H/R model group and H/R+co-transfection group,the cell viability,cell HIF-1αmRNA and protein levels were increased in H/R+LncRNA SNHG12 overexpression group(P<0.05),the apoptosis rate,cellular ROS,LDH,IL-6,IL-17 and IL-18 levels,cellular caspase-9 and Bax protein levels,and miR-138-5p level were decreased(P<0.05);the cell viability,cellular HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels were decreased in H/R+miR-138-5p mimics group(P<0.05),the apoptosis rate,cellular ROS,LDH,IL-6,IL-17 and IL-18 levels,cellular caspase-9 and Bax protein levels were increased(P<0.05).Com-pared with H/R model group,there was no significant difference in cell index levels between the H/R+co-transfection negative control group and the H/R+co-transfection group(P>0.05).Conclusion:LncRNA SNHG12 can upregulate HIF-1α expression by downregulat-ing miR-138-5p expression,inhibit H/R-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in HUVECs,and reduce cell damage and apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer ( EGC) with micropapillary pattern. Methods In 447 consecutive EGC patients at Changzhou No. 2 People′s Hospital admitted from January 2006 to December 2016, 8 ( 1. 8％) with micropapillary adenocarcinoma (≥5％) were enrolled in the observation group and the remaining 439 were included in the control group. Clinicopathologic features including age, gender, gross pattern, tumor location, size, invasion depth, lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis and pathological stage were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, gross pattern, tumor location or size (all P>0. 05). The observation group showed significantly more frequent submucosal invasion ( 100. 0％, 8/8 ) , lymphovascular invasion ( 62. 5％, 5/8 ) , lymphatic metastasis (62. 5％, 5/8), and higher pathological stage (Ⅱ+Ⅲ 25. 0％, 2/8) compared with those in the control group, which were 52. 4％ ( 230/439 ) , 9. 1％ ( 40/439 ) , 13. 9％ ( 61/439 ) , and 5. 9％ ( 26/439 ) , respectively ( all P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion EGC with micropapillary pattern is rare with a high liability to lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and higher pathological stage, compared to EGC without micropapillary pattern.

Objective To explore the MRI features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in central nervous system (CNS) in children. Methods Clinical and MRI data of 25 cases with LCH in CNS from three children's hospitals between January 2009 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied. All cases were confirmed by surgery or biopsy. All cases underwent non?contrast and contrast pituitary and/or cranial MRI examinations. The location, morphology, MRI signal and enhanced patterns of LCH lesions were observed and analyzed. Result A total of 17 cases had hypothalamic-pituitary LCH, with 2 of them complicated with pineal cyst, 2 complicated with brain parenchymal lesions, and one complicated with both pineal cyst and brain parenchymal lesions. MR images showed that neurohypophysis lost its original hyper?intensity on T1WI, and nodular or homogeneous thickening was seen in the pituitary stalks. Dura matter was involved in 3 cases, 2 of them had single lesion, and the other one got multiple lesions. Neoplasm in choroid plexus was seen in trigone of left lateral ventricles in one case. Three cases with pineal gland involved demonstrated cystic change. Four cases had gray matter involved, with cerebellar dentate nuclei involvement in 2 cases, and both thalamus and basal ganglia involvement in the other two cases. Three cases showed white matter involvement without obvious Virchow-Robin space enlargement and brain atrophy. Conclusions MR imaging of LCH in CNS shows certain specific characteristics. The diagnosis can be made comprehensively based on both clinic features and other imaging findings.

Objective To investigate and summarize the clinical and high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) characteristics of invasive pulmonary fungal infections(IPFIs)in children.Methods Clinical and HRCT data of 35 cases with IPFIs admitted in our hospital between March 2007 and July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical and HRCT characteristics were summarized.Results Thirty-five patients consisted of 23 boys and 12 girls with mean age of(3.2±1.9) years.Host factors included acute leukemia (n=12),primary immunodeficiency disease (n=4),congenital heart disease (n=2),cerebral palsy (n=2),severe influenza A infection (H1N1) (n=2),ichthyosis (n=1),acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(n=1),systemic lupus erythematous (n=1),tubercular meningitis(n=1),mechanical ventilation(n=2).All patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic,ranking by descending order:third-generation cephalosporins (28 cases),carbapenems(19 cases)and vancomycin (18 cases).Seventeen cases were treated with corticosteroids systemically and 12 cases with acute leukemia took antineoplastic medicine.The symptoms of IPFIs were intermittent or persistent fever,cough and rales.HRCT results:nodules (n=25,71.4％),subpleural patchy opacities (n=24,68.6％),mass (＞3cm) (n=4,11.4％),halo sign (n=27,77.1％),cavities (n=8,22.9％),air crescent sign (n=4,11.4％),miliary nodules (n=2,5.7％),pleural effusion (n=14,40％).Conclusion There are certain specific characteristics of IPFIs in children in clinical and HRCT aspects.The possible diagnosis of IPFIs can be made based on clinical and HRCT features.

Drug Contamination ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE).

METHODA retrospective investigation of the clinical manifestation, imageology, clinical course and outcome of 4 children with NPPE seen between June 2012 and July 2013 in a children's hospital. The causation of the airway obstruction was also explored.

RESULTAll the 4 cases were boys, the range of age was 40 days to 9 years. They had no history of respiratory and circulatory system disease. In 3 cases the disease had a sudden onset after the obstruction of airway, and in one the onset occurred 1.5 hours after removing the airway foreign body. All these cases presented with tachypnea, dyspnea, and cyanosis, none had fever. Three cases had coarse rales. Chest radiography was performed in 3 cases and CT scan was performed in 1 case, in all of them both lungs displayed diffuse ground-glass-like change and patchy consolidative infiltrates. Three cases were admitted to the ICU, duration of mechanical ventilation was less than 24 hours in 2 cases and 39 hours in one. Oxygen was given by mask to the remaining one in emergency department, whose symptoms were obviously improved in 10 hours. None was treated with diuretics, glucocorticoids or inotropic agents. Chest radiographs were taken within 24 hours of treatment in 2 cases and 24-48 hours in the other 2; almost all the pulmonary infiltrates were resolved. All the 4 cases were cured. The causes of airway obstruction were airway foreign bodies in two cases, laryngospasm in one and laryngomalacia in the other.

CONCLUSIONNPPE is a life-threatening emergency, which is manifested by rapid onset of respiratory distress rapidly (usually in several minutes, but might be hours later) after relief of the airway obstruction, with findings of pulmonary edema in chest radiograph. The symptoms resolve rapidly by oxygen therapy timely with or without mechanical ventilation. In children with airway obstruction, NPPE should be considered.

Acute Disease ; Airway Obstruction ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Laryngismus ; complications ; Larynx ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Pulmonary Edema ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

[Objective] To reduce misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis rate of pulmonary embolism,the prediction of the revised Geneva score and Wells score for pulmonary embolism were compared and analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves.[Methods] Sixty-five cases with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) were collected in the Third Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University from January 1998 to October 2008.Of which 44 cases with PE were clinically confirmed.Relevant clinical data were recorded,summarized and the analysis variables were input to SPSS11.0 for statistical analysis.ROC curves was used to evaluate the probability of PE predicted by the Wells and the revised Geneva scores.[Results] Twenty-four patients had a low clinical probability of PE (Wells score ＜ 2 points ),of which 8 (33.3%) had proven PE.The prevalence of PE was 87.2% in the 39 patients with intermediate probability (2-6 points) and 100% in the 2 patients with high probability (＞ 6 points) (P ＝ 0.000).The confirmed PE was 22.2% in the 18 patients with a low probability (Geneva score 0-3 points),82.1% (32/39) in intermediate probability (4-10 points),100% (8/8) in high probability (score ≥11 points) (P ＝ 0.000).The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve in the Wells and Geneva scores was 0.785 ± 0.060 and 0.900 ± 0.038,respectively (P ＝ 0.000).The optimal cutoff value was 2 points in the Wells score and 6.5 points in the Geneva score.The Wells score more than 2 points predicted PE with a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 76.2%.The Geneva score more than 6 points predicted PE with a sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 100%.The comparison of the area under curve between the Wells and the Geneva score had a significant difference statistically (P ＜ 0.05).[Conclusion] The Wells score and the revised Geneva score are beneficial to predict pulmonary embolism.The revised Geneva score is roughly superior to the Wells score both in sensitivity and specificity.