Objective: To understand the current situation and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools, so as to provide evidence for promoting the health level of this population. Methods: From November 2021 to December 2023, a total of 281 students from 6 special education schools in 5 districts of Tianjin were selected by cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey. Multiple Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia among special education students. Results: The screening myopia detection rate among these special education students in Tianjin was 27.0%, and the screening myopia detection rates of students with autism, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities were 22.4%, 12.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. The degree of myopia increased with age ( χ 2 trend =22.65, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(10-13 years old: OR =5.40, 14-17 years old: OR =8.40, 18-23 years old: OR =6.02), accommodation(non resident: OR =0.29), daily mobile phone usage ≥2 hours ( OR =2.37), and daily computer/tablet usage ≥2 hours ( OR =2.70) were the risk factors for screening myopia among special education students ( P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate and degree of screening myopia increase with age in special education students. Prolonged screen time exposure is a primary risk factor for screening myopia in special education students. Effective myopia prevention and control strategies should be designed according to the characteristics of special education students.

Objective: To investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin, so as to provide scientific evidence for childhood obesity prevention and intervention measures in the population. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2024, 296 children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders aged 2-18 years were recruited from special education schools and institutions in Tianjin. Height and weight were measured, and a standardized questionnaire was used to assess physical activity and screen time. Binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin were 17.2% and 21.6%, respectively, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.9%. The median of moderatetovigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 0.20 h/d, and physical activity sufficiency rate was 7.8%. The median of screen time was 1.79 h/d, and the screen time compliance rate was 68.2%. The binary Logistic regression results showed that lower levels of MVPA time and increased screen time were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs [OR(95%CI)=1.80(1.06-3.07), 2.40(1.42-4.07),P<0.05]. Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs. Therefore, comprehensive intervention measures should be implemented as early as possible to prevent and reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population.

【Objective】 To explore the distribution of serological markers related to samples whose serological test results were inconsistent with HBV DNA test results among voluntary blood donors in Xi′an. 【Methods】 A total of 71 HBsAg ELISA positive and NAT non-reactive (ELISA+ /NAT-)blood samples were collected from Shaanxi Blood Center from November 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023. The serological markers of hepatitis B were detected by electrochemiluminescence method, and the HBV S region and C region gene fragments were amplified by nested-PCR. 【Results】 The positive rate of nested-PCR in double ELISA+ /NAT- group(n=30) was statistically higher than that of ELISA+ /NAT- group(n=41)(60% vs 24.4%, P<0.05). Donors in double ELISA+ /NAT- group were all first-time blood donors, with the positive rate of anti-HBc in serum of 100%, and the serological pattern was mainly positive for items 1, 4 and 5 items(80%). Among the ELISA+ /NAT- group, 31.7% were repeat blood donors, with the positive rate of anti-HBc in serum of only 19.51%, and the serological patterns were mainly single anti-HBs positive (43.90%) and all negative (36.58%). 【Conclusion】 There are false positives in the test results of ELISA+ /NAT- group, which leads to unnecessary blood discarding. Meanwhile, the samples with negative NAT may have low levels of HBV DNA, which may lead to missed detection. It is suggested that multiple systems and methods should be applied to trace the blood donors who are HBsAg positive and NAT non-reactive, so as to improve the accuracy of HBV screening of blood donors and reduce blood waste.

Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3 026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33％of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86％)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21％).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51％),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46％),Candida tropicalis(13.98％),Candida glabrata(10.34％),and other Candida species(0.79％).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62％).Only 2.97％of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61％and a resistance rate of 9.42％to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01％and a resistance rate of 7.99％to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27％and 48.24％to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55％and 26.24％to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60％and 21.99％to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36％to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for detecting fetal chromosomal microdeletion/microduplication syndromes by carrying out prenatal diagnoses for two fetuses with Xp22.31 microdeletion indicated by NIPT. METHODS: Two pregnant women suspected for fetal Xp22.31 microdeletion syndrome who presented at Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital on December 5, 2017 and October 15, 2020 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the two women were collected, and peripheral venous blood samples were collected for NIPT testing. Amniotic fluid samples were taken for G-banding chromosomal karyotyping analysis and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) for fetus 1, while G-banding chromosomal karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis (SNP array) were carried out for fetus 2. Peripheral venous blood samples of couple 1 were collected for CNV-seq to verify the origin of copy number variation . RESULTS: NIPT indicated that fetus 1 had harbored a 1.3 Mb deletion in the Xp22.31 region, while G-banding chromosomal karyotyping had found no abnormality. CNV-seq analysis verified the fetus to be seg[GRCh37]del(X)(p22.31)chrX:g.6800001_7940000del, with a 1.14 Mb deletion at Xp22.31, which was derived from its mother. NIPT indicated that fetus 2 had harbored a 1.54 Mb deletion in the Xp22.31 region, while G-banding chromosomal karyotyping had found no abnormality. SNP array analysis indicated arr[GRCh37]Xp22.31(6458940_8003247)×0, with a 1.54 Mb deletion in Xp22.31 region. CONCLUSION NIPT not only has a good performance for detecting fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13, but also has the potential for detecting chromosomal microdeletion/microduplications. For high risk fetuses indicated by NIPT, prenatal diagnosis needs to be carry out to verify the chromosomal abnormalities.
Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Fetus

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for trisomy 21 (T21), trisomy 18 (T18), trisomy 13 (T13), sex chromosome aneuploidies, chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications using cell-free fetal DNA from peripheral blood samples of pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 15 237 pregnant women who had undergone NIPT testing at the Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Zaozhuang from February 2015 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. For those with a high risk by NIPT, amniotic fluid samples were collected for G-banding chromosomal karyotyping analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis to verify the consistency of NIPT with results of prenatal diagnosis. All of the women were followed up by telephone for pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 15 237 pregnant women, 266 (1.75%) were detected with a high risk for fetal chromosomal abnormality were detected. Among these, 79 (29.7%) were at a high risk for T21, 26 (9.77%) were at a high risk for T18, 9 (3.38%) were at a high risk for T13, 74 (27.82%) were at a high risk for sex chromosome aneuploidies, 12 (4.51%) were at a high risk for other autosomal aneuploidies, and 66 (24.81%) were at a high risk for chromosomal microdeletions or microduplications. 217 women had accepted invasive prenatal diagnosis and respectively 50, 13, 1, 25, 1 and 18 were confirmed with T21, T18, T13, sex chromosome aneuploidies, autosomal aneuploidies and microdeletions/microduplications, and the positive predictive values were 75.76%, 68.42%, 11.11%, 40.32%, 10% and 35.29%, respectively. For 13 042 women (85.59%), the outcome of pregnancy were successfully followed up. During the follow-up, one false negative case of T21 was discovered. No false positive cases for T13 and T18 were found. CONCLUSION NIPT has a sound performance for screening T13, T18 and T21, and is also valuable for screening other autosomal aneuploidies, sex chromosome aneuploidies and chromosomal microdeletions/microduplications.
Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics* ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Down Syndrome/genetics* ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Trisomy 18 Syndrome/genetics* ; Trisomy 13 Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Aneuploidy ; DNA/genetics* ; Trisomy/genetics*

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates.Methods:From December 2022 to January 2023, neonates with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the Department of Neonatology of our hospital were retrospectively studied.The clinical data including epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 174 neonates were enrolled, including 152(87.4%) with clear exposure to SARS-CoV-2 patients prior to onset. 73 cases (42.0%) were mild type, 72(41.4%) were moderate type, 26(14.9%) were severe type and 3(1.7%) were critically severe type. 109 cases had fever, 118 had respiratory symptoms including cough, nasal congestion and spitting up bubbles, 56 had gastrointestinal symptoms including decreased appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea and 35 had neurological symptoms including drowsiness, poor response and irritability. All 174 patients had positive nucleic acid test. White blood cell (WBC) was normal in 151 cases, decreased in 14 and increased in 9. 8 cases showed elevated C-reactive protein(CRP). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased in 74 cases, creatine kinase (CK) increased in 22 cases and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in 3 cases. Chest X-ray or CT scan showed 102 cases with pneumonia. 26 cases required nasal cannula oxygen therapy and 4 cases required respiratory support (3 invasive and 1 non-invasive). 173 cases were discharged fully recovered and 1 died after withdrawal of treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) .Conclusions:Neonates are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.Most patients have a history of exposure prior to disease onset. 83.3% of all cases are mild and moderate types.Respiratory symptoms are common. Symptomatic treatments are effective with an overall good prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral colon targeted pH-sensitive hydrogel of hydrocortisone sodium succinate(HSS-GEL). METHODS The plasma concentration changes of HSS-GEL and HSS in the mice were investigated; 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis(UC) was established, disease activity index(DAI), colon length, myeloperoxidase(MPO) and organ index were used as indicators to investigate the therapeutic effect of HSS-GEL on colitis. RESULTS The results showed that the Tmax, Cmax and AUC of HSS-GEL were significantly different from those of HSS(P<0.01). The Tmax of HSS-GEL was significantly longer than that of HSS, and the time of drug absorption into the blood was significantly delayed. The Cmax of HSS-GEL group was significantly lower than that of HSS. The AUC of the HSS-GEL group was 39.38% of the same dose of HSS, indicating that the amount of the drug absorbed into blood was significantly reduced after the HSS was made into HSS-GEL orally. After modeling, DAI, MPO activity and organ index were increased, while the colon was shortened due to the inflammatory reaction, with the treatment of HSS-GEL, DAI, MPO activity and some organ index of mice were significantly decreased comparing with TNBS group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The degree of reduction of MPO activity and some organ indexes of the mice in the TNBS+HSS-GEL group were significantly greater than those in the TNBS+HSS group, indicating that HSS-GEL had good therapeutic effect on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis, and the effect was better than that of HSS. CONCLUSION The HSS-GEL prepared has good colon targeting characteristic and colitis treatment effect.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of probiotics combined with montelukast in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)complicated with myocardial injury.Methods A total of 102 children with MPP and myocardial injury were selected as the study objects,and were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 51 cases in each group.The control group was treated with montelukast,and the observation group was treated with probiotics based on the control group.The clinical efficacy,symptom resolution time,hospital stay,myocardial injury index,inflammatory cytokines,intestinal flora level and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.16％,which was significantly higher than 76.47％of the control group(P＜0.05).The disappearance time of symptoms of fever,cough,shortness of breath,chest tightness and chest pain and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treat-ment,the levels of cardiac troponin T(cTnT),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP),myoglobin(Mb)and cardiac fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the levels of interleukin-1 receptor 1(IL-1R1),gamma-interferon(γ-IFN)and high mobility group protein 1(HMGB1)in the observation group were significantly lower than those inthe control group(P＜0.05);the number of Bifidobacteria,Lactobacillus aci-dophilus,Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group,while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of ad-verse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Probiotics combined with monte-lukast have good efficacy in MPP children with myocardial injury,which can shorten the time of symp-tom resolution and hospital stay,improve the indexes of myocardial injury in children,inhibit the lev-el of inflammatory cytokines,adjust the structure of intestinal flora disorder,and have good safety.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of probiotics combined with montelukast in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)complicated with myocardial injury.Methods A total of 102 children with MPP and myocardial injury were selected as the study objects,and were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 51 cases in each group.The control group was treated with montelukast,and the observation group was treated with probiotics based on the control group.The clinical efficacy,symptom resolution time,hospital stay,myocardial injury index,inflammatory cytokines,intestinal flora level and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.16％,which was significantly higher than 76.47％of the control group(P＜0.05).The disappearance time of symptoms of fever,cough,shortness of breath,chest tightness and chest pain and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treat-ment,the levels of cardiac troponin T(cTnT),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP),myoglobin(Mb)and cardiac fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP)in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the levels of interleukin-1 receptor 1(IL-1R1),gamma-interferon(γ-IFN)and high mobility group protein 1(HMGB1)in the observation group were significantly lower than those inthe control group(P＜0.05);the number of Bifidobacteria,Lactobacillus aci-dophilus,Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group,while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of ad-verse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Probiotics combined with monte-lukast have good efficacy in MPP children with myocardial injury,which can shorten the time of symp-tom resolution and hospital stay,improve the indexes of myocardial injury in children,inhibit the lev-el of inflammatory cytokines,adjust the structure of intestinal flora disorder,and have good safety.