Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammation and a risk factor for diseases such as diabetes， hypertension， dyslipidemia， and malignant tumors， demonstrating an increasingly grim development situation. The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in the immune response and inflammatory response. In obese individuals， the expression of NF-κB is overactivated， which leads to abnormal inflammatory responses in the body. Therefore， it is expected to alleviate inflammation and treat obesity by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， which has been proven effective by a large number of studies. The available studies on the NF-κB signaling pathway mostly focus on tumors， and there is no systematic review of the mechanism of this pathway in mediating obesity and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment. We reviewed the research progress in the pathological and physiological processes of obesity mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway and TCM treatment， aiming to give insights into the clinical treatment of obesity with TCM and provide reference targets and research directions for exploring the biological foundations and the development of new TCM preparations.

Objective: To understand their appearance and microscopic characteristics, as well as their differences by studying the pharmacognosy of Yi medicine Elsholtzia rugulosa and Elsholtzia bodinieri, in order to provide a basis for identification and improvement of quality standards.
Methods: Stereo microscopy and optical microscopy and the macroscopic and microscopic identification methods were adopted to compare identification and digital representation for Elsholtzia rugulosa and Elsholtzia bodinieri from overall character, local characteristics, the microscopic identification characteristics, the transverse section and the powder.
Results:There were significant differences in the the macroscopic and the microscopic identification characteristics of Elsholtzia rugulosa and Elsholtzia bodinieri.
Conclusion: This study summarized the exclusive and practical features in pharmacognosic identification of Elsholtzia rugulosa and Elsholtzia bodinieri, it provides a useful reference for supervision the clinical medication,inspection,and standard drafting.

Over the years of exploration and development, the surgical techniques and prognosis of liver transplantation in China have been significantly improved, resulting in a notable decrease in the prevalence of postoperative complications. However, ischemic-type biliary lesion remain a non-negligible issue. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University formulated and published the "Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic-Type Biliary Lesions after Liver Transplantation in Mainland China" in 2015, which has now been updated into a guideline based on current conditions and literature reports. This guideline elaborates in detail on the definition, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention of high-risk factors, and treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion, aiming to provide standardized and normative guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion after liver transplantation, thereby reducing the rate of re-transplantation and fatality, and to improve the overall quality of life of liver transplant recipients.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Banxia Xiexintang in treating simple obesity in children with the syndrome of stomach hyperactivity and spleen stagnation. MethodA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled study was conducted， in which 78 children with simple obesity due to stomach hyperactivity and spleen stagnation were randomized into an observation group （39 cases） and a control group （39 cases）. On the basis of diet and exercise intervention， the observation group received modified Banxia Xiexintang and the control group received placebo. The two groups were compared in terms of the therapeutic effect regarding TCM symptoms， body mass index （BMI）， waist circumference， hip circumference， obesity， and visual analogue scale of appetite after 2 months of treatment， and the treatment safety was observed. ResultAfter treatment， the response rate in the observation group was 88.89% （32/36）， which was higher than that （77.14%， 27/35） in the control group （Z=-2.301， P<0.05）. After 2 months of treatment， the body weight， BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， and obesity decreased in both groups （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The TCM symptom scores and visual analogue scale scores of appetite in the observation group declined （P<0.05）. The control group showed decreased scores of TCM symptoms except gluttony and overeating （P<0.05）， declined scores of desire to eat， hunger， and willingness to eat declined （P<0.05）， and no significant change in the score of fullness before and after treatment. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed decreased total score of TCM symptoms， scores of primary and secondary TCM symptoms， body weight， BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， obesity， and scores of desire to eat， hunger， and willingness to eat （P<0.05） and no significant difference in the score of fullness after treatment. No adverse reaction related to the drug application was observed during the treatment period. ConclusionModified Banxia Xiexintang can reduce the body weight， BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， and obesity， improve the body shape， alleviate the symptoms， and enhance the therapeutic effect and compliance of children with simple obesity， being safe in clinical application.

Objective:We genetically modified our non-replicating vaccinia virus NTV to improve its immunogenicity.Methods:We constructed NTV-modified strain NTV-ΔF1L-C7L by homologous recombination of vaccinia virus based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology by inserting the C7L gene while deleting the F1L gene. The recombinant virus NTV-ΔF1L-C7L was then immunized with 10 7 PFU in BALB/c mice, and the levels of humoral and cellular immunity induced by NTV-ΔF1L-C7L were detected by ELISA and ELISpot method, respectively, and the levels of neutralizing antibodies were determined by the phage-reduced neutralization assay. Results:The PCR and western- blot identification proved that the F1L gene of the constructed NTV-modified strain NTV-ΔF1L-C7L was missing, while the C7L gene was inserted back in the region, and the C7L gene could be expressed normally, indicating that the recombinant virus was constructed correctly. After immunization of mice with NTV-ΔF1L-C7L, ELISA result showed that the recombinant virus NTV-ΔF1L-C7L induced a higher level of IgG antibody than NTV; ELISpot result also showed that the recombinant virus was able to induce a higher level of IFN-γ; and the result of plaque reduction neutralization test showed that the recombinant virus was able to induce a higher level of IFN-γ antibody than that of NTV.Conclusions:We correctly constructed the NTV gene-modified strain NTV-ΔF1L-C7L, which induced stronger humoral and cellular immunity compared with NTV, and provided reference data for the research and development of replacement products for smallpox or monkeypox vaccines.

Objective:To explore the clinical application pathway of the CT generative adversarial networks (CTGANs) algorithm in mandibular reconstruction surgery, aiming to provide a valuable reference for this procedure.Methods:A clinical exploratory study was conducted, 27 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2022 and January 2024 and required mandibular reconstruction were selected. The cohort included 16 males and 11 females, with the age of (46.6±11.5) years; among them, 7 cases involved mandibular defects crossing the midline. The CTGANs generator produced 100 images, and the mean squared error (MSE) was calculated for differences between any two generated images. Preoperative cone-beam CT data from 5 patients were used to construct a labeled test database, divided into groups: normal maxilla, normal mandible, diseased mandible, and noise (each group containing 70 cross-sectional images). The CTGANs discriminator was used to evaluate the loss values for each group, and one-way ANOVA and intergroup comparisons were performed. Using the self-developed KuYe multioutcome-option-network generation system (KMG) software, the three-dimensional (3D) completion area of the mandible under cone-beam CT was defined for the 27 patients. The CTGANs algorithm was applied to obtain a reference model for the mandible. Virtual surgery was then performed, utilizing the fibular segment to reconstruct the mandible and design the surgical expectation model. The second-generation combined bone-cutting and prebent reconstruction plate positioning method was used to design and 3D print surgical guides, which were subsequently applied in mandibular reconstruction surgery for the 27 patients. Postoperative cone-beam CT was used to compare the morphology of the reconstructed mandible with the surgical expectation model and the mandibular reference model to assess the three-dimensional deviation.Results:The MSE for the CTGANs generator was 2 411.9±833.6 (95% CI: 2 388.7-2 435.1). No significant difference in loss values was found between the normal mandible and diseased mandible groups ( P>0.05), while both groups demonstrated significantly lower loss values than the maxilla and noise groups ( P<0.001). All 27 patients successfully obtained mandibular reference models and surgical expectation models. In total, 14 162 negative deviation points and 15 346 positive deviation points were observed when comparing the reconstructed mandible morphology with the surgical expectation model, with mean deviations of -1.32 mm (95% CI:-1.33- -1.31 mm) and 1.90 mm (95% CI: 1.04-1.06 mm), respectively. Conclusions:The CTGANs algorithm is capable of generating diverse mandibular reference models that reflect the natural anatomical characteristics of the mandible and closely match individual patient morphology, thereby facilitating the design of surgical expectation models. This method shows promise for application in patients with mandibular defects crossing the midline.

Objective:To investigates the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in combined burn-blast injury with acute lung injury in rats.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Twenty-four 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, each containing 12 animals. The rats in experimental group were anesthetized and subjected to explosion treatment to create the model of combined burn-blast injury with acute lung injury, whereas the rats in control group underwent sham injury. At 24 hours post injury, the pathological morphology of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of abdominal aortic blood were measured by automatic animal blood gas analyzer. The lung tissue was weighed and the wet-dry weight ratio was calculated. The total protein concentration in BALF was measured by bicinchoninic acid assay. Lung injury was scored based on hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of oxidative stress factors, such as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and ferrous ion in lung tissue homogenate of rats were detected by related kits. The expression levels of ferroptosis-related molecule glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), lipid peroxidation-related molecule 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and oxidative DNA damage-related molecule 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in lung tissue were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry methods. Mitochondrial morphology in lung tissue cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy. The sample number was all 6. Results:At 24 hours post injury, the lung tissue structure of rats in control group was clear and complete, and the alveolar wall was normal; in experimental group, the lung tissue edema of rats was obvious, the alveolar wall became thicker, and the structure was not clear. At 24 hours post injury, compared with those in control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BALF supernatant of rats in experimental group were significantly increased (with t values of 3.96, 9.84, and 10.60, respectively, P<0.05); the wet-dry weight ratio of lung tissue, lung injury score, and total protein concentration in BALF of rats in experimental group were significantly increased (with t values of 6.91, 6.64, and 10.04, respectively, P<0.05), PaO 2 of abdominal aortic blood decreased significantly ( t=8.85, P<0.05) while PaCO 2 did not change significantly ( P>0.05); the levels of SOD and glutathione in the lung tissue homogenate of rats in experimental group were significantly decreased (with t values of 4.36 and 8.56, respectively, P<0.05), while the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and ferrous ion were significantly increased (with t values of 11.55, 9.78, and 14.77, respectively, P<0.05). At 24 hours post injury, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of GPX4 in lung tissue of rats in experimental group were 0.245±0.024 and 0.786±0.240, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.000±0.305 and 1.000±0.200 in control group (with t values of 6.05 and 2.60, respectively, P<0.05); the expression levels of 4-HNE in lung tissue of rats in experimental group were 5.93±1.05 and 2.21±0.23, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.29 and 1.00±0.23 in control group (with t values of 11.13 and 9.16, respectively, P<0.05); the expression levels of 8-OHdG in lung tissue of rats in experimental group were 2.08±0.40 and 1.61±0.29, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.40 and 1.00±0.26 in control group (with t values of 4.72 and 3.87, respectively, P<0.05). At 24 hours post injury, compared with that in control group, the density of mitochondrial double-layer membrane in the lung tissue cells of rats in experimental group increased, the outer membrane ruptured, and the crista decreased. Conclusions:In rats with combined burn-blast injury with acute lung injury, there is oxidative DNA damage in lung tissue cells, the imbalance of antioxidant system in lung tissue, and a decrease in the expression of GPX4, the key molecule against ferroptosis, suggesting that ferroptosis is involved in the pathophysiological process of this disease.

Objective:To learn about the operation of arsenic reduction and water improvement projects and the present situation of arsenic level in drinking water in drinking water type endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province.Methods:From May to August 2023, in accordance with the requirements of the "Investigation Plan for Arsenic Content in Drinking Water of Residents in Arsenic Exposed Areas of Shanxi Province", 29 high arsenic villages in the drinking water type endemic arsenic poisoning historical areas of Pingyao County, Jiexiu City and Qi County in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province were selected as monitoring villages to investigate the operation of water improvement projects. The drinking water samples of village residents were collected and water arsenic level was measured by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. At the same time, monitoring of the operation of water improvement projects and water arsenic level for residents within adjacent local areas were carried out in townships where 29 high arsenic villages located.Results:In 2023, a total of 29 high arsenic villages in 3 counties (cities) of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province were monitored, all of which had undergone water improvement and all water improvement projects were operating normally. The range of water arsenic level was 0.000 - 0.047 mg/L, with 27 high arsenic villages had water arsenic level < 0.01 mg/L. A total of 81 natural villages within the adjacent local areas of high arsenic villages in Jinzhong City were monitored, all of which had undergone water improvement and the water improvement projects were operating normally. The range of water arsenic level was 0.000 - 0.043 mg/L, and there were 4, 7, and 2 natural villages in Pingyao County, Jiexiu City and Qi County with water arsenic level ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/L.Conclusions:All high arsenic villages in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province have completed water improvement, and the water improvement projects are operating normally. The water arsenic level in most high arsenic villages meets the national drinking water standard (< 0.01 mg/L).

Objective:To explore the Pharmacognostic identification for the famous three medicinal fruits—Chebu-lae Fructus,Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus and Phyllanthi Fructus from the Tibetan medicine,and to establish the standards of the macroscopic,microscopic identification and digital characterization for the authentication study of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine.Methods:Using the terms and research methods of botanical morphological identification and classification,the comparative identification and digital characterization of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine were carried out by optical microscope,stereo microscope,digital cam-era and digital imaging technology from the aspects of front,side,abdomen,basic,surface appearance,cross sec-tion and longitudinal section characteristics,as well as the microscopic characteristics of cross section and powder.Then,the related characteristics were compared.Results:The macroscopic identification characters,such as the appearance,and microscopic identification characters,such as the epidermal cells,fiber,stone cells,calcium ox-alate cluster crystals,of three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine were clarified,and the identification methods were summarized,in order to provide reference for the identification of three medicinal fruits from the Ti-betan medicine.Conclusion:The identification method is simple,environmental friendly,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the identification basis of four medicinal fruits from three medicinal fruits from the Tibetan medicine.

ObjectiveTo build an evaluation index system for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） medicated diet， promoting the scientific and standardized development of medicated diet in TCM. MethodsThe framework of the evaluation index system was constructed through literature review and Delphi expert consultation method. The analytic hierarchy process was used to construct a hierarchical structure model. Pairwise comparisons between the indicators were conducted using the Saaty 1-9 scale method， and the weight of each indicator was calculated using Yaahp 10.3. ResultsThe response rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 93.33% and 100%， respectively. The Kendall's W coefficients for the first-level and second-level indicators in the second round were 0.270 and 0.281， respectively （both P＜0.001）. Finally， an evaluation index system for TCM medicated diet therapy was constructed， consisting of 6 primary indicators and 27 secondary indicators. The weightings of the primary indicators were as follows： sensory appearance （0.1843）， health value （0.3569）， ingredient compatibility （0.1271）， packaging （0.0370）， production and preparation （0.1005）， and reliability （0.1940）. ConclusionA comprehensive and universally applicable evaluation index system for TCM medicated diet has been developed， taking into conside-rations of color， taste， appearance， efficacy， preparation， quality and others. This system can provide valuable reference for the evaluation of the value of medicated diet as well as its development.