ObjectiveTo explore the current situation of forensic ethics practice and education by designing a questionnaire on forensic ethics， with a view to exploring the path of forensic ethics education construction. MethodsA total of 667 valid questionnaires were collected using the online survey method， basically covering various regions across the country and all sub-specialties of forensic medicine. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the relevant data. ResultsMost practitioners had relevant ethical reflections in the process of forensic practice. 69.12% of the respondents indicated that they had studied the relevant rules， but approximately half stated that there were no corresponding ethical norms or standard operating manuals. The specific behaviors violating ethics in different units were diverse. 23.04% of the respondents reported that they had encountered unethical behaviors， but only 4.9% of them reported such violations. In terms of forensic ethics education， 87.75% of the respondents believed that there were issues with the current model of forensic ethics education. Meanwhile， the respondents showed a high degree of recognition for receiving forensic ethics education， with 84.15% of respondents expressing willingness to participate in relevant courses. More than half of respondents were willing to participate in forensic ethics education during undergraduate studies， new employee training， and regular post-employment training. ConclusionCurrently， there is a problem of ethical neglect in forensic work in China. Combining ethics courses with professional courses at the practitioner training stage and providing regular training at the practice stage are effective measures to popularize forensic ethics knowledge， enhance ethical awareness， and improve the quality of practice.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Balanophora involucrata Hook.f.in treatment of hyperuricemia(HUA)based on network pharmacology,molecular docking,and hyperuricemia models in vivo and in vitro,and to clarify the main targets of its active components and related signaling pathway mechanism.Methods:The potential targets of Balanophora involucrata Hook.f.in treatment of HUA were identified by Databases such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database in Taiwan,the Chinese Herbal Medicine Identification Database,Professional Chemical Database,TargetNet Database,SwissTargetPrediction Database,GeneCards,Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),DrugBank Database,DisGeNET Database,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)Database,and Venny Database.STRING Database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the active component-predictive target network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network for Balanophora involucrata Hook.f.;topological analysis was used to select the main active components and core targets;Gene Ontology(GO)functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software;AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking validation.The NRK-52E cells were divided into blank control group,blank administration group,model group,and different concentrations(2.0,10.0,and 50.0 μmol·L-1)of erythrodiol(EDT)groups.High-performance liquid chromatography culture(HPLC)was used to detect the uric acid(UA)levels in the cell culture supernatants in various groups.The male ICR mice were divided into blank control group,blank administration group,model group,and EDT group;the mice in the last two groups were used to prepare the HUA models;kits were used to detect the levels of UA,creatinine(Cr),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)in serum of the mice in various groups;the bilateral kidney tissue of the mice was harvested and weighed;the kidney indexes of the mice in various groups were calculated;TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of protein kinase B(AKT),phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups.Results:Six active components of Balanophora involucrata Hook.f.were identified,involving 116 intersecting targets and 14 core targets.The enrichment analysis yielded 1 828 GO terms and 145 signaling pathways.The molecular docking results showed that EDT had good binding activity with MMP-9.The high uric acid cell experiment results showed that compared with blank control group,the UA level in the cells in model group was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the UA levels in the cells in 2.0,10.0,and 50.0 μmol·L-1 EDT groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with blank control group,the levels of UA,Cr,and BUN in serum of the mice in model group were increased(P<0.01),and the kidney indexes were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the levels of UA,Cr,and BUN in serum of the mice in EDT group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the kidney index was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with blank control group,the number of apoptotic cells in kidney tissue of the mice in model group was increased;compared with model group,the number of the apoptotic cells in kidney tissue of the mice in EDT group was significantly decreased.Compared with blank control group,the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-PI3K/PI3K and expression level of Bcl-2 protein in kidney tissue of the mice in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the expression levels of Bax and MMP-9 proteins were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-PI3K/PI3K and expression level of Bcl-2 protein in kidney tissue of the mice in EDT group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression levels of Bax and MMP-9 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The active component of Balanophora involucrata Hook.f.,EDT,has a UA-decreasing effect and may inhibit the apoptosis and alleviate the kidney injury by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Minimally invasive surgery is developing rapidly.Robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and robot-assisted unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal/posterior lumbar interbody fusion are important posterior minimally invasive surgical approaches to treat lumbar degenerative diseases.However,it is worth discussing which operation method is more advantageous. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical efficacy and imaging examination between different operation groups,and discuss the clinical application value of robot-assisted minimally invasive lumbar posterior fusion technology to treat lumbar degenerative diseases. METHODS:Clinical data of 83 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases from January 2018 to June 2022 at the Department of Orthopedics,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Of them,27 patients received robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion treatment(group A);30 patients received robot-assisted unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal/posterior lumbar interbody fusion treatment(group B),and 26 traditional minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion patients were selected as the control group(group C).There were no significant differences in gender,age,body mass index,surgical segment,preoperative visual analog scale score and Oswestry Disability Index among the three groups(P＞0.05).The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,complications,fluoroscopic dose,fluoroscopic time,and fluoroscopic frequency were compared among the three groups.Gertzbein-Robbins'classification was used to evaluate the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw.Visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were evaluated after surgery.The excellent and good rate of the three surgical options was evaluated using Macnab's criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The operation time of group A was significantly shorter than that of groups B and C(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between group B and group C(P＞0.05).The intraoperative blood loss in group B was significantly less than that in group A,and that in group A was significantly less than that in group C(P＜0.05).(2)The fluoroscopic dose,fluoroscopic time,and fluoroscopic frequency of group C were significantly higher than those of groups A and B(P＜0.05).(3)Visual analog scale score and Oswestry Disability Index in the three groups significantly improved after operation when compared with that before operation(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference among the three groups 1 day and 6 months after surgery(P＞0.05).(4)Postoperative imaging showed that the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw placement in groups A and B was better than that in group C(P＜0.05).(5)There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of MacNab criteria among the three groups(P＞0.05).(6)There was no significant difference in complications among the three groups(P＞0.05).(7)The results indicated that robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and robot-assisted unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal/posterior lumbar interbody fusion are effective surgery methods for lumbar degenerative diseases.Compared with traditional minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery has higher efficiency,less intraoperative radiation and higher internal fixation accuracy,which has a good clinical application value.

In the context of delayed marriage and parenthood, decreased willingness in having children, and population aging in China, maternal and child health has become an important and urgent issue. Being essential platforms for research in maternal and child health, the importance of birth cohorts has been widely recognized. In the past 20 years, tens of birth cohorts have been established in major cities and regions of China, with cohorts ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands. These cohorts, particularly those large ones launched in recent years, have collected a wide spectrum of data and biological samples from mothers and children. Although they have made considerable preliminary achievements, there remain difficulties and challenges. The significant challenges include small and medium-sized cohorts' lacking of clear research themes; insufficient recognition of and emphasis on behavioral and social determinants of health while emphasizing biological determinants of health; variations in types of variables and quality of data collected, which make it difficult for cohorts to be merged and shared; lack of and difficulties in long-term follow-up; significant uncertainties in resources for long-term sustention of the cohorts, and so on. So, we argue that birth cohorts should focus on essential and urgent issues in maternal and child health in the country and seek recognition and support from the government and the entire society. Last but not least, the overall success of birth cohorts in the country requires scientists to be not only academically capable, but also realistic, persistent, altruistic, and collaborative.

Objective:To explore the disease characteristics and TCM constitutions of patients with nonunion; To analyze the risk factors of nonunion and its correlation with TCM constitution; To provide research ideas for the prevention and treatment of nonunion with TCM based on the concept of "prevention of disease".Methods:This study was an observational case-control study. 334 orthopedic patients who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected. 167 patients were collected according to the diagnostic criteria of nonunion, then 167 patients who met the criteria of fracture healing were included as the control group. General information and the classification of TCM constitutions of the patients were collected. The distribution rules of TCM constitution and patients' risk factors were statistically analyzed, and the correlation between the two was explored.Results:The unbalanced constitution was found in 126 cases (75.45%) in the bone nonunion group and 108 cases (62.87%) in the fracture healing group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.63, P=0.032). The proportion of TCM constitutional types distributed among the patients with nonunion were in the following order: phlegm-dampness constitution, yang-deficiency constitution, mild constitution, qi-deficiency constitution, yin-deficiency constitution, damp-heat constitution, qi-stagnation constitution, blood-stasis constitution and inherited-special constitution. There was statistical significance between the nonunion group and the fracture healing group in the phlegm-dampness and yang-deficiency in men and yang-deficiency in women ( χ 2 values were 19.12, 4.96, 4.92, respectively, P<0.01 or P<0.05). Diabetes [ OR (95% CI): 2.672(1.067, 6.693), P=0.036], BMI≥24 [ OR (95% CI): 1.903 (1.182,3.063), P=0. 008], phlegm-dampness [ OR (95% CI): 3.099 (1.624,5.913), P=0.001] and yang-deficiency [ OR (95% CI): 2.424 (1.252,4.693), P=0.009] as independent risk factors for the development of nonunion in multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Conclusions:The proportion of unbalanced constitution in patients with nonunion is significantly higher than that in patients with fracture healing. Phlegm-dampness constitution and yang-deficiency constitution are independent risk factors for the development of nonunion. TCM constitutional types can be an important factor in the risk assessment of nonunion and the prevention and treatment of nonunion based on the concept of "prevention of disease" has a sound theoretical basis and wide application prospects.

Objective To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of different doses of midazolam oral solution in sedating infants during echocardiographic studies.Methods Two hundred and fourty patients aged 1 to 3 years who underwent echocardiographic study in sedation in our hospital were enrolled in this study.After recording the baseline data of all infants,they were randomly divided into four groups:0.3 mg·kg-1 midazolam oral solution group(M1 group),0.5 mg·kg-1 midazolam oral solution group(M2 group),0.7 mg·kg-1 midazolam oral solution group(M3 group)and 0.5 mL·kg-1 10%chloral hydrate administrated rectally group(C group),60 case per group,and the sedation was performed in the corresponding method of each group.The 5-point facial hedonic and Ramsay scales were used to evaluate acceptability and effectiveness in sedation.The onset time and duration time of sedation were recorded.Results Compared with the C group,the 5-point facial hedonic scale scores in M1,M2,and M3 groups increased during sedation(F=17.50,P<0.017).The onset time of sedation in the M1 and M2 groups was longer than that in the C group(P<0.017),and the duration time of sedation in the M1 and M2 groups was shorter than that in the C group(P<0.017).There was no significant difference in the onset time(P=0.85)and duration time(P=0.50)of sedation between the M3 and C groups.The onset time of sedation in the M1and M2groups was longer than that in the M3 group(P<0.017),and the duration time of sedation in the M1 and M2 groups were shorter than that in the M3 group(P<0.017).Conclusions The acceptability of infants with midazolam oral solution sedation under echocardiographic study was better than that of 10%chloral hydrate administrated rectally.There were fewer adverse reactions with the midazolam oral solution.The 0.7 mg·kg-1 midazolam oral solution had a rapid onset of sedation and definite effect.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of constructing automatic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans for cervical cancer based on Pinnacle scripts and to assess the advantages of this method in designing treatment plans for cervical cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 40 cases of cervical cancer treated with IMRT in the department of radiation oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University. Among them, the data of 25 cases were employed as a reference for the initialization of objective functions. The scripts for automatic plans were designed in the Pinnacle planning system. For the remaining 15 cases, automatic and manual IMRT plans were designed (also referred to as the automatic planning group and the manual planning group, respectively). The design times of both groups were compared. Furthermore, both the dosimetric parameters of target volumes and the irradiation doses to organs at risk (OARs) were also compared between the two groups using dose-volume histograms.Results:Compared to the manual planning group, the automatic planning group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in the average design time of 32.81 min ( t = -12.91, P < 0.05), a statistically significant increase in the conformity index of the target areas of 0.01 ( t = -0.08, P < 0.05), and a decrease in the uniformity index of the target areas of 0.02. Compared to those of the manual planning group, the bladder′s V40 and V45 and the rectum′s V40 and V45 of the automatic planning group decreased by 6.88%, 4.12%, 9.93%, and 12% on average, respectively ( t = -4.49, -4.46, -3.62, -5.80, P < 0.05). Minimal differences were observed in the V30, V50, and Dmax of the small intestine between both groups, without statistically significant differences in V30 and Dmax ( P > 0.05). Compared to the manual planning group, the automatic planning group displayed decreases in the V45 and Dmeanof the bilateral femoral head of 7.9% and 106.83 cGy, respectively and a decrease in the spinal Dmax of 100.14 cGy, with statistically significant differences ( t = -6.00, -2.52, -2.55, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Automatic IMRT plans for cervical cancer, constructed based on Pinnacle scripts, can significantly reduce irradiation doses to OARs and enhance the efficiency of the plan design while ensuring dose uniformity and conformality of target areas.

Objective:To construct recombinant influenza viruses expressing Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) with different influenza virus backbones and analyze their growth characteristics, genetic stability, ability to express Gluc and in vitro anti-influenza drug activity. Methods:The C-terminal of PR8NA was modified by inserting the porcine teschovirus-2A autocleavage peptide (P2A) and the Gluc-coding gene. Recombinant viruses, PR8NAGluc/PR8 and PR8NAGluc/WSN, were rescued using the eight-plasmid system of influenza virus reverse genetics, with seven plasmids derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8) (H1N1) and A/WSN/1933 (WSN) H1N1. The genetic stability of the recombinant viruses was verified by RT-PCR. The fluorescence activity and the growth kinetics of the two recombinant viruses were compared. The correlation between the fluorescence activity of PR8NAGluc/WSN and median tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50), and the anti-drug activity of PR8NAGluc/WSN against oseltamivir, favipiravir, and Lianhua Qingwen in vitro were also analyzed. Results:The Gluc-expressing recombinant viruses constructed using PR8 and WSN backbones were successfully rescued by reverse genetics. Compared with the PR8 backbone, the WSN backbone significantly improved the fluorescence activity of Gluc. Moreover, the PR8NAGluc/WSN virus expressed stably in embryonated egg, and its replication kinetics was slightly lower than that of wild type. The fluorescence activity of PR8NAGluc/WSN virus had a good correlation with its TCID 50. The PR8NAGluc/WSN virus was sensitive to oseltamivir, favipiravir and Lianhua Qingwen. Conclusions:The recombinant virus with a WSN backbone exhibited higher fluorescence expression intensity as compared with the recombinant virus with a PR8 backbone. This study provided reference for high-throughput screening of anti-influenza drugs and the development of influenza virus vector vaccines.

Objective To investigate the effect of SMAD family member 3(SMAD3) silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on macrophage polarization and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/ SMAD family signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods RA macrophages co-cultured with rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were used as a cell model. TGF-β1 was used to stimulate macrophages, and SMAD3-specific siRNA (si-SMAD3) and negative control siRNA (si-NC) were transfected into human RA macrophages co-cultured in Transwell^TM chamber. The expression of SMAD3 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3 and SMAD7 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The contents of TGF-β1 and IL-23 in cell culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Transwell^TM chamber was used to measure cell migration. Results Compared with the model group and the si-NC group, the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3 mRNA and protein in RA macrophages decreased significantly after silencing SMAD3. In addition, the secretion of IL-23 decreased significantly, and the cell proliferation activity and cell migration were inhibited, with high expression of SMAD7. Conclusion Knockdown of SMAD3 can promote M2 polarization and SMAD7 expression in RA macrophages.
Humans ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics* ; Interleukin-23 ; Macrophages ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Smad7 Protein/genetics* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics* ; Smad3 Protein/genetics* ; Gene Silencing

Aiming at the problems of missing important features, inconspicuous details and unclear textures in the fusion of multimodal medical images, this paper proposes a method of computed tomography (CT) image and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion using generative adversarial network (GAN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) under image enhancement. The generator aimed at high-frequency feature images and used double discriminators to target the fusion images after inverse transform; Then high-frequency feature images were fused by trained GAN model, and low-frequency feature images were fused by CNN pre-training model based on transfer learning. Experimental results showed that, compared with the current advanced fusion algorithm, the proposed method had more abundant texture details and clearer contour edge information in subjective representation. In the evaluation of objective indicators, Q ^AB/F, information entropy (IE), spatial frequency (SF), structural similarity (SSIM), mutual information (MI) and visual information fidelity for fusion (VIFF) were 2.0%, 6.3%, 7.0%, 5.5%, 9.0% and 3.3% higher than the best test results, respectively. The fused image can be effectively applied to medical diagnosis to further improve the diagnostic efficiency.
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Algorithms