This paper analyzes the literature on virtual reality(VR)technology interventions for autistic children published from 2014 to 2022.It shows that different VR systems in these studies have improved different symptoms of autism,and points out the feasibility of VR technology interventions for autistic children.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major pathogen frequently found in seafood. Rapid and accurate detection of this pathogen is important for the control of bacterial foodborne diseases and to ensure food safety. In this study, we established a one-pot system that combines uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 12b (Cas12b) for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in seafood. This detection system can effectively perform identification using a single tube and avoid the risk of carry-over contamination.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus/genetics* ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase/genetics* ; Hot Temperature ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Food Safety

Objective:To explore the value of ultra-short echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) techniques for quantitatively dynamic monitoring of anterior patellar tendon (patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon) changes in amateur marathon runners before and after competition.Methods:Between October 2020 and January 2021, 23 amateur marathoners in Zhuhai, aged 28-50 (40±6) years, were prospectively recruited. Three-dimensional UTE-MT and dual-echo UTE-T 2* sequence scans of bilateral knee joints were performed before, 48 hours and 4 weeks after the marathon running, respectively. Another 5 non-running volunteers were recruited for verification of sequence stability. UTE-magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and UTE-T 2* value of the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and 3 tendon-bone insertion points (patellar tendon-tibial insertion point, patellar tendon-patellar insertion point, and quadriceps tendon-patellar insertion point) were measured independently on sagittal images of the knee joint by 2 radiologists. The stability of the 2 serial measurements and consistency tests between the 2 radiologists were assessed with a two-way mixed intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in UTE-MTR and UTE-T 2* values of the prepatellar tendon before and after the marathon running. Results:Both UTE-MT and dual-echo UTE-T 2* sequence measurements had good stability, with ICC values of 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Measurements of UTE-MTR and UTE-T 2* value of the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and the 3 tendon-bone insertion points by the 2 radiologists were in good agreement (ICC>0.80). Forty-eight hours after the marathon running, the UTE-MTR of the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and the 3 tendon-bone insertion points decreased, and UTE-MTR of the patellar tendon continued to decrease 4 weeks after the race, while UTE-MTR of other regions increased. Only the difference in UTE-MTR for the patellar tendon was statistically significant ( F=7.46, P=0.001) among pre-marathon (0.34±0.04), 48 h after the race (0.32±0.04), and 4 weeks after the race (0.31±0.04). UTE-T 2* value was mildly elevated in all regions at 48 h after the marathon running, but the differences among the three points were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The UTE-MT has better reproducibility and inter-rater reliability. The UTE-MT can be used to monitor the dynamic changes of the prepatellar tendon before and after marathon exercise, where the UTE-MTR of the patellar tendon consistently decreases after marathon exercise.

Objective To investigate the value of endoscopic carbon nanoparticles labeling technique assisted in situ resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)for middle and low locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).Methods From January 2020 to January 2023,46 cases of middle or low LARC were selected for endoscopic injection of carbon nanoparticles suspension to label the lower edge of the tumor before nCRT,and laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum was performed after nCRT.The main observations were the visualization of carbon nanoparticles marker during the operation,the length of each area(primary tumor area,tumor regression scar,distal resection margin,and regression area of lower edge of tumor)of surgical specimens and the positive rate of distal resection margins.Results The median interval between injection of carbon nanoparticles suspension and surgery was 105(77-182)d in the46 cases.Carbon nanoparticles remnants were observed on the rectal mucosal surface in all the patients after nCRT by endoscopy.During laparoscopic anterior rectal resection surgeries,carbon nanoparticles marker exposure on the surface of the rectal intrinsic fascia observed in 41 cases(89.1%),of which38 cases were judged as good exposure(the width of marker area≤1.5 cm,which assisted the operator accurately determining the distal surgical margins)and 3 cases were judged as inferior exposure(a larger range of black staining whereas in situ resection of the tumor still achievable).In another 5 cases,the carbon nanoparticles marker could not be observed and were judged as exposure failure.Intraoperative cryopathology showed that all distal resection margins were negative.Measurement of 30 surgical specimens with identifiable primary tumor area showed that the length of resected intestinal canal was 17.9(10.1-25.7)cm,the diameter of primary tumor area was(4.3±0.8)cm,the diameter of scar after tumor regression was 2.5(0.8-4.8)cm,and the length of regression of tumor lower margin was 1.0(0-2.9)cm.The length of distal resection margins in middle rectal cancer(n =17)was3.4(1.5-4.3)cm and in low rectal cancer(n =13)was1.6(0.5-2.8)cm.Conclusion Application of carbon nanoparticles labeling technology before nCRT for rectal cancer can effectively mark the lower margin of the primary tumor in a long time and assist surgeons to precisely remove the primary tumor area.

Objective: To evaluate the immunity and influencing factors of diphtheria among preschool children in Shenzhen,to provide reference for effective monitoring of diphtheria IgG antibody level in preschool children. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 296 preschool children aged 4-6 who were recruited in Shenzhen. The diphtheria antibody titer in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of different immumuzation schedule including types of vaccine and vaccination timing, on the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of diphtheria IgG antibody and antibody positive rate were analyzed. Results: The GMC of diphtheria IgG antibody was 0.71 IU/mL, and the positive conversion rate was 33.1%. There were significant differences in antibody GMC and antibody positive conversion rate of diphtheria in different age groups( F/χ 2=11.77, 27.45, P < 0.01 ). The GMC and antibody positive conversion rate showed significant differences by diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types and end dose vaccination intervals( F=49.53, 12.95，11.61, P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibodies in children with different types of diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types of diphtheria antibodies, and diphtheria antibodies at the time interval of final vaccination (Fisher exact probability method, P <0.01). Conclusion The overall positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibody in preschool children in Shenzhen is high. Timely completion of full diphtheria vaccination can improve the antibody level and plays a better role in protecting preschool children.

BACKGROUND: The study aims to correlate osteogenesis with autophagy during the mineralization induction of MC3T3-e1 through exploring the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)/lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5 (LAMPT5). METHODS: The induction of mineralization in MC3T3-e1 was followed by detecting the expressions of osteogenesisrelated indexes such as RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and LAPTM5 using RT-qPCR and Western blot from 0 to 14 days. Transmission electron microscope was utilised in visualizing the alterations of autophagosomes, which was followed by immunofluorescence detecting the subcellular localization of autophagy-related index sequestosome 1 (P62) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light 3 (LC3) protein and scrutinising the expression of P62 mRNA and P62 and LC3 proteins. RESULTS: Induction of MC3T3-e1 mineralization demonstrated an increased expression of osteogenesis-related indicators such as RUNX2, ALP, OCN, and LAPTM5 (p < 0.05), as evident from the results of RT-qPCR and Western blot. Meanwhile, the expression of autophagosomes increased one day after mineralization induction and then experienced a gradual decline, and enhanced expression of LC3 protein was noted on days 1–2 of mineralization induction but was then followed by a corresponding reduce. In contrast, a continuous increase was reported in the expression of P62 mRNA and protein, respectively (p < 0.05). Up- and down-regulating RUNX2/LAPTM5 expression alone confirmed the aforementioned results. CONCLUSION It was therefore proposed that RUNX2 may be responsible for an early increase and then a gradual decrease in LAPTM5-mediated autophagy through the regulation of its high expression. Meanwhile, increased LAPTM5 expression in osteogenic mineralization presumed that RUNX2/LAPTM5 promoted autophagy and osteogenic expression, which may play a bridging role in the regulation of autophagy and osteogenesis.

Objective: To study the compliance and associated factors of smartphone application (APP) usage in childhood dietary and exercise intervention. Methods: Based on one childhood intervention of diet and exercise in Beijing, Changzhi of Shanxi Province and Urumqi of Xinjiang Province, 694 children (and their primary caregivers) in the intervention group were investigated regarding usage of APP during the intervention. Compliance of APP usage was evaluated by the click times of APP, and Logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of the compliance. Results: The median (inter quartile range) click times of APP in the four modules (information dissemination, behavior monitoring, homework uploading and feedback) were 10 (5，21), 20 (14，26), 7(4，10), 26 (15，53), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that compliance of APP usage was higher among subjects in Changzhi region ( OR =1.67，95% CI =1.12-2.48), whose primary caregiver was mother ( OR =1.55，95% CI =1.09-2.22), or whose mother did not work ( OR =0.47， 95% CI =0.31-0.74). Conclusion Compliance of APP usage was generally high in the childhood intervention of diet and exercise. Some factors are associated with compliance of APP usage. Findings of the study provide a scientific basis for better implementation of APP based childhood interventions of diet and exercise in the future.

The clinical data of a child with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and being diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.The male patient was 13 years old.The clinical manifestation was the change of body position, and the temporary movement cannot appear.The manifestations included the turning of head to one side, the falling back of neck, head shaking, swinging, the tightly hugging of hands in front of the chest, the touching of two tiptoes to the ground, numb sole, and ache.Gene detection: chromosome 16p11.2 (chr16: 29594293-30189789) had about 595.5 kb heterozygosity deletion.A total of 8 cases of 16p11.2 microdeletion in children with PKD were reported in details.16p11.2 microdeletion is another form of gene expression that causes PKD.16p11.2 microdeletion should be screened for genetic evaluation in patients with PKD.

Objective:To explore the value of synthetic MRI in quantitative monitoring of knee joint structural and cartilage changes of amateur marathon runners before and after the whole marathon.Methods:Totally 26 amateur marathon enthusiasts from Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province were recruited from October 2019 to January 2020. The right knee joints were scanned 1 week before the race and within 48 h after the race. The scanning sequence included the three-dimensional proton density weighted image with isotropic (3D-CUBE-PD) sequence and synthetic MRI sequence. The conventional contrast weighted images T 1WI, T 2WI, proton density (PD) weighted imaging, short-T 1 inversion recovery (STIR) and T 1, T 2, PD mapping were obtained by the latter scans. The 3D-CUBE-PD sequence was used as a reference to evaluate the detection of knee joint lesions. The knee articular cartilage was divided into 8 subregions: central medial femoral condyle (CMFC), posterior medial femoral condyle (PMFC), central lateral femoral condyle (CLFC), posterior lateral femoral condyle (PLFC), medial tibia plateau (MTP), lateral tibia plateau (LTP), patella and trochlear. Based on the synthetic MRI quantitative mapping, the T 1, T 2 and PD values of each cartilage subregion were measured independently by 2 radiologists. The ICC was used to evaluate the consistency of the measurement between observers. The T 1, T 2 and PD values of knee cartilage before and after marathon exercise were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:The 2 radiologists had good consistency in the measurement of T 1, T 2 and PD values of knee articular cartilage with the ICC values of 0.912, 0.933 and 0.954, respectively. The synthetic MRI quantitative mapping sequence can detect all cartilage damage ( n=3) and joint effusion ( n=15), and 7 of 9 meniscus injuries were detected. The T 1, T 2 and PD values of the knee cartilage as a whole before the race were higher than those after race, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The T 1 values were statistically significant except patellar cartilage and trochlear cartilage, and T 2 values were significantly different in the CMFC, LTP, MTP ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Synthetic MRI has a good display of knee joint structural lesions, and its quantitative parameters T 1, T 2 and PD can detect the changes of knee cartilage before and after marathon.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of heparin binding protein (HBP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.Methods:Eighty eight patients with pulmonary infection from the respiratory department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled in the study, including 48 cases of bacterial pneumonia and 40 cases of non-bacterial pneumonia; meanwhile, 40 non-pulmonary infection patients were also enrolled as the control group. The BALF levels of HBP, procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured, and the clinical values of the above indexes in differential diagnosis of bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonia were analyzed.Results:The BALF levels of HBP and IL-6 in bacterial pneumonia group were significantly higher than those of the non-bacterial pneumonia group and the control group ( P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) of HBP and IL-6 were 0.930 and 0.893 for the early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia; and the sensitivity was 88.5% and 82.7%, the specificity was 92.5% and 92.5%, respectively. Combined detection of HBP and IL-6, the AUC was 0.942 and the sensitivity was 94.2% and the specificity was 95.0%. When they were used to distinguish bacterial pneumonia, the AUC of HBP and IL-6 were 0.890 and 0.777, and the sensitivities were 80.8% and 71.2%, and the specificity were 91.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Combined detection of HBP and IL-6, the AUC was 0.902, and the sensitivity was 96.2% and the specificity was 79.2%. Conclusions:BALF HBP and IL-6 have good clinical value in the early diagnosis and distinguishing bacterial pulmonary infection and the joint value of the two is better.