Bone organoids can simulate the complex structure and function of the bone tissues, which makes them a frontier technology in organoid researches. Bone organoids show a tremendous potential of applications in bone disease modeling, bone injury repair, and medicine screening. Although advancements have been made so far in constructing bone organoids with functional structures like mineralization, bone marrow, trabecular bone, callus, woven bone, etc, the researches in this field are confronted with numerous challenges such as lack of standardized construction strategies and unified evaluation criteria, which limits their further promotion and application. To standardize researches in bone organoids, the Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, the Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine organized related experts to formulate Expert consensus on the construction, evaluation, and application of bone organoids ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 17 recommendations were put forth, aiming to standardize researches and clinical applications of bone organoids and enhance their value in scientific research and clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo analyze the polarized light microscopic characteristics， the composition of physical phases and their relative contents of Maifanitum from different origins， and to establish the Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum powder crystals by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. MethodA total of 26 batches of Maifanitum samples were selected， and the microscopic characteristics of the sample powders and grinding flakes were observed by polarized light microscopy under single polarized light and orthogonal polarized light， and the main phase compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by powder crystal XRD technique， and the XRD Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum was established. The incident light source of XRD was Cu target Kβ radiation， the light tube voltage and light tube current were 40 kV and 40 mA， respectively， the divergence slit was 1°， the scattering slit was 1°， the receiving slit was 0.2 mm， the scanning speed was 5°·min^-1 with continuous scanning and scanning range of 5-90°（2θ）， and the step length was 0.02°. ResultThe polarized light micrographs of powders and grinding flakes of Maifanitum were obtained， and the main phases were plagioclase， potassium feldspar and quartz， and a few samples also contained illite， pyrite， iron dolomite， calcite， iron amphibole and chlorite， etc. The relative total content of feldspar phases was 61.9%-82.4%， and the relative content of quartz was 12.6%-33.6%. The XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis method of Maifanitum with 13 common peaks as the characteristic fingerprint information was established， and the similarity calculated by the mean correlation coefficient method was 0.920 9-0.997 7， the similarity calculated by the mean angle cosine method was 0.940 5-0.998 4， the similarity calculated by the median correlation coefficient method was 0.921 1-0.997 5， and the similarity calculated by the median angle cosine method was 0.947 5-0.998 2. ConclusionThe polarized light microscopic identification characteristics of Maifanitum are mainly plagioclase， quartz and potassium feldspar， and the technique of powder crystal XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis can be used for the identification of Maifanitum.

Objective　To explore the molecular epidemiological characteristics of local Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chongqing, China using genotyping methods and establish a suitable genotyping system tuberculosis genotyping in the region. Methods A total of 268 isolates collected from the sputum of tuberculosis patients at two national drug resistance monitoring sites in Chongqing from 2019 to 2021. The DNA of these isolates was extracted, and genotyping of the isolates was performed using VTNR 24 locus typing method. Epidemiological investigations were conducted on clustered isolates, and the clustering rates of isolates from the two surveillance sites were compared to analyze their transmission differences. Results In the two regions, the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGI) in Fengjie County ranged from 0 to 0.85, with 10 loci having an HGI above 0.6, 11 loci with an HGI between 0.3 and 0.6, and 3 loci with an HGI below 0.3; the highest resolution site was MIRU31, while the lowest resolution site was MIRU24. The HGI index in Fengdu County ranged from 0 to 0.81, with 12 loci having an HGI above 0.6, 9 loci with an HGI between 0.3 and 0.6, and 3 loci with an HGI below 0.3; the highest resolution site was MIRU26, while the lowest resolution site was MIRU23. In the clustering analysis, among the 140 isolates from Fengdu County, 10 samples clustered into 4 clusters, with the largest cluster consisting of 4 samples, resulting in a clustering rate of 4.1%. Among the 128 isolates in Fengjie County, 10 samples clustered into 5 clusters, with a clustering rate of 4.2%. Conclusion In Fengdu County and Fengjie County of Chongqing, the main population of the disease show independent genotypes, indicating a low recent transmission rate. The incidence of patients is mainly endogenous recurrence, that is, latent infection develops into active tuberculosis. While conducting standardized management of tuberculosis patients, prevention and control agencies should also increase the screening of latent infection at two monitoring points and carry out preventive treatment of latent infection, which is the key to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in the two places.

Objective:To investigate the types, incidences, and clinical characteristics of shock in polytrauma patients at different stages after polytrauma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on polytrauma patients admitted to multiple trauma centers from June 2020 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients >18 years old and treated due to polytrauma. Exclusion criteria included an admission time of more than 48 h after trauma, a history of malignancy, or metabolic, consumptive, and immunological diseases. The early stage was defined as the period of ≤48 h after polytrauma, and the middle stage was defined as the period between 48 h and 14 days. The patient’s medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examination, injury severity score (ISS), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were collected. The types, incidences, and clinical characteristics of shock in different stages after polytrauma were analyzed, according to the diagnostic criteria of each type of shock. The differences between the groups were compared by Student’s t test, χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The incidence of the early and middle stage shock after polytrauma were 73.1% and 36.4%, respectively, with statistically significant difference between stages ( P<0.01). There were significant differences in the incidence of hypovolemic shock (83.6% vs. 28.4%), distributed shock (13.7% vs. 80.9%) and cardiogenic shock (3.5% vs. 6.6%) between stages (all P<0.05). The incidence of obstructive shock (8.4% vs. 9.7%, P>0.05) was similar between stages. The incidence of undifferentiated shock was 1.6% and 1.2%, respectively. There were 9.5% patients with multifactorial shock in the early stage and 14.4% in the middle stage. Totally 7 combinations of multifactorial shock were found in different stages after polytrauma. In the early stage, the combination of HS and DS accounted the highest ratio (42.3%) and followed by HS and OS for 28.8%. In the middle stage, the combination of HS and DS was the most common (48.6%) and followed by DS and OS (24.3%). Conclusions:The incidence of shock in polytrauma patients is high. Different types of shock can occur simultaneously or sequentially. Therefore a comprehensive resuscitation strategy is significant to improve the success rate of treatment.

Objective To study the human papillomavirus(HPV)infection and genotype distribution characteristics in male outpatients,and compare with female infection status,in order to provide scientific basis for the clinical development of prevention and treatment measures for male HPV infection related diseases.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification followed by directed hybridization was used to detect 37 HPV genotypes in 258 male outpatients of Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from July 2018 to December 2022.The detection results were further compared with the detection results of 1436 female physical examinees and 931 cervical exfoliated cell samples of gynecological patients suspected of HPV infection at the same time.Results There were 103 of the 258 male outpatients were positive,with an infection rate of 39.92%.Among the 103 positive samples,high-risk,low-risk,and mixed high-risk HPV infections accounted for 58.25%,20.39%,and 21.36%,respectively.Among them,59 were infected with single infection,accounting for 57.28%,44 were infected with more than double infection(multiple infection),accounting for 42.72%,and the most one had ten types infections.Single infection was mainly high-risk type,while multiple infection was mainly high-risk type and mixed high-risk type.There was no statistically significant difference in HPV infection rate,infection type,and infection status between male patients and female patients(P=0.456,0.192,0.102),but there was a statistically significant difference compared with female physical examinees(P<0.001,0.032,<0.001).The peak age of HPV infection is 20-39 years old,accounting for 74.75%,and there was no statistically significant difference in HPV detection rate among different age groups(P=0.297).33 HPV genotypes were detected in both male and female groups.The top five subtypes were HPV52,58,51,54 and 61 in male patients,while HPV57,67,69 and 83 were not detected.The top five subtypes were HPV52,16,58,53 and 61 in female groups,while HPV57,69,72 and 26 were not detected.Physical examination is the main reason of 103 male infected patients seeking medical treatment.Conclusion The HPV infection status in male is similar to that of female patients,with high-risk infection being the main type and single subtype infection being the main infection.The peak age of male patients with HPV infection is 20-39 years old.HPV52,58,51,54,61 are the most common types,and most of them are asymptomatic.Therefore,men are high-risk groups of HPV infection.It is necessary to carry out HPV detection for male outpatients.

To investigate Streptococcus suis ( S.suis) isolated from patients in Shandong province using genomic epidemiology and pathogenologic analysis. To provide the foundation to establish reasonable and accurate prevention and control measures of human S. suis infection. Molecular typing, whole genome phylogenetic tree, virulence gene typing, antibiotic resistance profile and mobile genetic elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes of isolated S. suis strains were investigated. The pathogenicity of isolated strains was also evaluated by comparing their capacity to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. S. suis infections in Shandong province were predominantly due to serotype 2 and sequence type 1 strains. The major symptoms were meningitis. The studied strains could be divided into five lineages. All strains belong to highly pathogenic type in Shandong province,Strains from lineage 2 possessed higher capacity to stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production than other strains did, even though other strains belong to highly pathogenic strains. In addition, multiple antibiotic resistance genes and corresponding mobile genetic elements werewidespread in S. suis strains from Shandong province, except strains from lineage 3. High diversities in genome, evolutionary path and pathogenicity of S. suis strains from Shandong province were revealed. It was necessary to surveillant the S. suis strain in genomic level.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel in combination with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology in repairing refractory wounds.Methods:From March 2011 to January 2015, 44 patients with refractory wounds meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited into VSD alone group, who were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang and received intermittent VSD treatment. From February 2015 to September 2019, 43 patients with refractory wounds meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited into PRP+ VSD group, who were admitted to the same unit as above-mentioned and received PRP combined with intermittent VSD treatment. The retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were 24 males and 20 females with age of (37.5±2.2) years in VSD alone group, and there were 25 males and 18 females with age of (37.0±2.5) years in PRP+ VSD group. The wound exudate of patients in the two groups before and 7 and 14 d after the first treatment were collected for bacterial culture, and the positive rate of bacterial culture was calculated. The wound healing of patients in the two groups was observed on 7, 14, and 21 d after the first treatment, and the wound healing rate was calculated. The complete wound healing time of patients in the two groups was recorded. The degree of wound pain of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and 14 d after the first treatment. The scar hyperplasia of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) in 1 and 2 months after the wound healed completely. The occurrence of adverse reactions of patients in the two groups during the whole period of treatment was observed and the incidence of adverse reactions was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, chi-square test, paired t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results:The positive rates of bacterial culture in wound exudate of patients in PRP+ VSD on 7 and 14 d after the first treatment were 37.2% (16/43) and 11.6% (5/43), which were significantly lower than 56.8% (25/44) and 29.5% (13/44) in VSD alone group, χ2=4.212, 4.255, P<0.05. The wound healing rates of patients in PRP+ VSD group on 7 and 14, and 21 d after the first treatment were respectively (58±14)%, (70±13)%, (89±12)%, which were significantly higher than (41±11)%, (60±11)%, (74±12)% in VSD alone group, t=6.323, 3.820, 5.751, P<0.01. The complete wound healing time of patients in PRP+ VSD group was (30±6) d, which was significantly shorter than (61±8) d in VSD alone group, t=20.890, P<0.05. The VAS score of patients in PRP+ VSD group was significantly lower than that in VSD alone group on 14 d after the first treatment ( t=13.904, P<0.01). The VSS score of patients in PRP+ VSD group was significantly lower than that in VSD alone group in 1 and 2 months after the wound healed completely ( t=3.307, 3.637, P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions of patients in PRP+ VSD group during the whole period of treatment was 7.0% (3/43), which was significantly lower than 22.7% (10/44) in VSD alone group, χ2=4.245, P<0.05. Conclusions:Autologous PRP gel combined with VSD technology in repairing refractory wounds not only has good bacteriostatic effect, but also can increase wound healing rate, shorten wound healing time, alleviate wound pain, reduce scar hyperplasia, with less adverse reaction, which is worthy of promotion.

To investigate Streptococcus suis ( S.suis) isolated from patients in Shandong province using genomic epidemiology and pathogenologic analysis. To provide the foundation to establish reasonable and accurate prevention and control measures of human S. suis infection. Molecular typing, whole genome phylogenetic tree, virulence gene typing, antibiotic resistance profile and mobile genetic elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes of isolated S. suis strains were investigated. The pathogenicity of isolated strains was also evaluated by comparing their capacity to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. S. suis infections in Shandong province were predominantly due to serotype 2 and sequence type 1 strains. The major symptoms were meningitis. The studied strains could be divided into five lineages. All strains belong to highly pathogenic type in Shandong province,Strains from lineage 2 possessed higher capacity to stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production than other strains did, even though other strains belong to highly pathogenic strains. In addition, multiple antibiotic resistance genes and corresponding mobile genetic elements werewidespread in S. suis strains from Shandong province, except strains from lineage 3. High diversities in genome, evolutionary path and pathogenicity of S. suis strains from Shandong province were revealed. It was necessary to surveillant the S. suis strain in genomic level.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of autologous platelet rich plasma gel (PRP) combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology on the repair of refractory wounds.Methods:From March 2011 to January 2015, 44 patients with refractory wounds and conformed to the inclusion criteria were included into VSD alone group, who were admitted to the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of the Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang and received intermittent VSD treatment. From February 2015 to September 2019, 43 patients with refractory wounds and conformed to the inclusion criteria were included into PRP+VSD group, who were admitted to the same unit above-mentioned and received PRP combined with intermittent VSD treatment.The retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were 24 males and 20 females with ages of (37.5±2.2) years in VSD alone group, and there were 25 males and 18 females with ages of (37.0±2.5) years in PRP+VSD group. The wound secretions of patients in the two groups before and 7, 14 d after the first treatment were collected for bacterial culture, and the positive rate of bacterial culture was calculated.The wound healing of patients in the two groups was observed on 7, 14,and 21 d after the first treatment, and the wound healing rate was calculated. The complete wound healing time of patients in the two groups was recorded. The degree of wound pain of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) before and 14 d after the first treatment. The scar hyperplasia of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) in 1 and 2 months after the wound healed completely.The incidence of adverse reactions of patients in the two groups after the treatment was observed and the incidence of adverse reactions was calculated.Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, chi-square test, paired t test, and Bonferroni correction.Results:The positive rates of bacterial culture of patients in PRP+VSD on 7 and 14 d after the first treatment were 37.2% (16/43) and 11.6% (5/43), which were significantly lower than 56.8% (25/44) and 29.5% (13/44) in VSD alone group, χ2= 4.212, 4.255, P<0.05. The wound healing rates of patients in PRP+VSD group on 7, 14 and 21 d after the first treatment were (58±14)%, (70±13)%, (89±12)%, which were significantly higher than (41±11)%, (60±11)%, (74±12)% in VSD alone group, t=6.323, 3.820, 5.751, P<0.01. The complete wound healing time of patients in PRP+VSD group was (30±6) d, which was significantly shorter than (61±8) d in VSD alone group, t=20.89, P<0.05. The VAS score of patients in PRP+VSD group was significantly lower than that in VSD alone group (t=13.904, P<0.01). The VSS score of patients in PRP+VSD group was significantly lower than that in VSD alone group in 1 and 2 months after the wound healed completely (t=3.307, 3.637, P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions of patients in PRP+VSD group after the treatment was 7.0% (3/43),which was significantly lower than 22.7% (10/44) in VSD alone group alone, χ2=4.245, P<0.05. Conclusions:Autologous PRP gel combined with VSD technology to repair refractory wounds not only has good bacteriostatic effect, but also can increase wound healing rate, shorten wound healing time, reduce wound pain, relieve scar hyperplasia, and without adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of autologous platelet rich plasma gel (PRP) combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology on the repair of refractory wounds.Methods:From March 2011 to January 2015, 44 patients with refractory wounds and conformed to the inclusion criteria were included into VSD alone group, who were admitted to the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of the Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang and received intermittent VSD treatment. From February 2015 to September 2019, 43 patients with refractory wounds and conformed to the inclusion criteria were included into PRP+VSD group, who were admitted to the same unit above-mentioned and received PRP combined with intermittent VSD treatment.The retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were 24 males and 20 females with ages of (37.5±2.2) years in VSD alone group, and there were 25 males and 18 females with ages of (37.0±2.5) years in PRP+VSD group. The wound secretions of patients in the two groups before and 7, 14 d after the first treatment were collected for bacterial culture, and the positive rate of bacterial culture was calculated.The wound healing of patients in the two groups was observed on 7, 14,and 21 d after the first treatment, and the wound healing rate was calculated. The complete wound healing time of patients in the two groups was recorded. The degree of wound pain of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) before and 14 d after the first treatment. The scar hyperplasia of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) in 1 and 2 months after the wound healed completely.The incidence of adverse reactions of patients in the two groups after the treatment was observed and the incidence of adverse reactions was calculated.Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, chi-square test, paired t test, and Bonferroni correction.Results:The positive rates of bacterial culture of patients in PRP+VSD on 7 and 14 d after the first treatment were 37.2% (16/43) and 11.6% (5/43), which were significantly lower than 56.8% (25/44) and 29.5% (13/44) in VSD alone group, χ2= 4.212, 4.255, P<0.05. The wound healing rates of patients in PRP+VSD group on 7, 14 and 21 d after the first treatment were (58±14)%, (70±13)%, (89±12)%, which were significantly higher than (41±11)%, (60±11)%, (74±12)% in VSD alone group, t=6.323, 3.820, 5.751, P<0.01. The complete wound healing time of patients in PRP+VSD group was (30±6) d, which was significantly shorter than (61±8) d in VSD alone group, t=20.89, P<0.05. The VAS score of patients in PRP+VSD group was significantly lower than that in VSD alone group (t=13.904, P<0.01). The VSS score of patients in PRP+VSD group was significantly lower than that in VSD alone group in 1 and 2 months after the wound healed completely (t=3.307, 3.637, P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions of patients in PRP+VSD group after the treatment was 7.0% (3/43),which was significantly lower than 22.7% (10/44) in VSD alone group alone, χ2=4.245, P<0.05. Conclusions:Autologous PRP gel combined with VSD technology to repair refractory wounds not only has good bacteriostatic effect, but also can increase wound healing rate, shorten wound healing time, reduce wound pain, relieve scar hyperplasia, and without adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.