OBJECTIVE To explore whether diterpenoid 12-deoxyphorbol-13-palmitate （DP） from Euphorbia fischeriana can exert anti-leukemia effects through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signal pathway， and to provide experimental evidence for developing it into a new anti-leukemia drug. METHODS Using LY294002 （PI3K specific inhibitor） as tool drug， the effects of 24 h DP treatment on the proliferation and apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia HL60 cells were detected by MTT method， Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining and AO-EB staining. ELISA method was used to detect lactic dehydrogenase （LDH） release and the activities of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 （caspase-3） and caspase-9. The transcriptional level of caspase-3， caspase-9， forkhead box O3a （FoxO3a） and B cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death （Bim） mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. The protein expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a （p- FoxO3a） and phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt） were detected by Western blot method. The nuclear translocation of FoxO3a protein was detected by immunostaining combined with laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS 10 μmol/L DP and 10 μmol/L DP+LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL60 cells （P＜0.01）. After treatment of 5， 10， 20 μmol/L DP， HL60 cells showed typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis； DP could significantly increase the levels of LDH release and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， in dose-dependent manner. After treatment of 10 μmol/L DP and 10 μmol/L DP+LY294002， the transcriptional levels of caspase-3， caspase-9 and Bim mRNA were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and transcriptional level of FoxO3a mRNA and protein expressions of p-FoxO3a and p-Akt were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Nuclear translocation changes were observed in FoxO3a protein in 10 μmol/L DP+LY294002 group， and the change was more significant than that of LY294002 group. CONCLUSIONS DP can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL60 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Microglia differ from macrophages with unique origin and role. In glioblastoma, microglia plays an important role in regulating tumor immune status, promoting tumor angiogenesis, destroying the blood-brain barrier, and reducing the sensitivity of treatment. Therefore, the combination of microglial therapy in the radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy of glioblastoma has also become a clinically promising treatment.

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement eff ects and p otential mechanism of chelidonine on CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis model rats. METHODS ：According to the random number table method ，a total of 48 rats were randomly divided into normal control group ，model group ，chelidonine low-dose ，middle-dose and high-dose groups （0.125，0.25，0.50 mg/kg），positive control group （Liver-protecting tablet ，0.42 g/kg），with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal control group ，other groups were given CCl 4-olive oil solution intraperitoneally for 8 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis model. From the fifth week of modeling ， normal control group and model group were given water intragastrically ；administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically，once a day ，for consecutive 10 weeks. After last intragastric administration ，hepatic index of rats was calculated. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST），alanine aminotransferase （ALT）and hyaluronic acid （HA）in serum and the level of hydroxyproline （Hyp）in liver tissue were determined. The staining of collagen fibrin in rat liver was observed. The protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA），microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3（LC3）and p 62 as well as the phosphorylation level of phosphoinositide 3 kinase（PI3K），protein kinase B （Akt）and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）in liver tissue were determined ；mRNA expression corresponding to above protein were also determined. RESULTS ：Compared with normal control group ，the hepatic index ，the serum levels of AST ，ALT，HA and Hyp ，the percentage of positive staining area for collagen fibrin ，the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and LC 3- Ⅱ were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Protein expression of p 62，phosphorylation levels of PI 3K，Akt and mTOR as well as mRNA expression of p 62，PI3K，Akt and mTOR were significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，phosphorylation levels of PI 3K and mTOR were decreased significantly in chelidonine low-dose group （P＜0.05）. The changes of above indexes in chelidonine middle-dose and high-dose groups （except for liver index ， HA level in middle-dose group ） were reversed significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：Chelidonine can attenuate CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats ；the mechanism of it may be associated with activating PI 3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibiting autophagy.

Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite globally causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and animals. In this study, prevalence of CE and variation of cox1 gene sequence were analyzed with isolates E. granulosus collected from different areas in northern Xinjiang, China. The survey showed that 3.5% of sheep and 4.1% of cattle were infected with CE. Fragment of cox1 was amplified from all the positive sheep and cattle samples by PCR. In addition, 26 positive samples across the 4 areas were included. The isolates were all E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) containing 15 haplotypes (Hap1-15), and clustered into 2 genotypes, G1 (90.1%, 91/101) and G3 (9.9%, 10/101). Hap1 was the most common haplotype (48.5%, 49/101). Hap9 were found in humans samples, indicating that sheep and cattle reservoir human CE. It is indicate that E. granulosus may impact on control of CE in livestock and humans in the region.
Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Echinococcus ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Livestock ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sheep

The main work and achievements of clinical pathway work in China since 2009 were systematically reviewed in the paper. It analyzed the problems existing in the implementation of clinical pathway management in China, and suggested on such management in the future. The suggestions include:deeper understanding, convergence with the payment system reform, strengthened quality control, further informatization,and better performance appraisal system.

Aim To observe the ameliorating effects of sophocarpine on mice with neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury(SNI), and to explore the analgesic mechanism.Methods Sixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated, neuropathic-pain model(SNI), SNI+Pregabalin(Pre) 10 mg·kg-1, SNI+SC 40 mg·kg-1, 20 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1 group.Neuropathic-pain mouse models were established by SNI of the sciatic nerve.The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT), paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL), and cold withdrawal times(CWT) were detected to assess the analgesic effects of sophocarpine on mice with neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury.The expressions levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot methods.Results Compared with sham group, the SNI group′s PWMT decreased, PWTL was shorten, CWT increased, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were up-regulated.Compared with SNI model group, the sophocarpine 40 mg·kg-1 group′s PWMT increased, PWTL was lengthened, CWT decreased, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were down-regulated.Conclusion Sophocarpine has the analgesic effects on neuropathic pain induced by SNI, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of TLR4, p38 MAPK, IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on the pain management and the wound healing time of patients after anal fissure resection. Methods From December 2014 to December 2016 a total of 80 cases of anal fissure excision were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into intervention group and control group, with 40 cases in each. The control group was treated with routine surgical nursing, and the intervention group adopted comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of application of visual analogue scale (VAS) for postoperative pain assessment. The intervention effect of the two groups were compared by VAS and Wexner continence grading scale. Results In the observation group, the 24 h postoperative pain score was (6.22±0.86); the wound healing time was (19.01±2.35)d; and the hospitalization time was (12.34±1.61) d, which are all lower than the control group (t=2.627,9.833,5.733;P< 0.05). The Wexner score of the observation group was (0.25±0.19), which was better than that of the control group (0.35±0.23), with statistical difference (t=2.120, P<0.05). Conclusions Nursing intervention can effectively relieve the pain of patients after resection of anal fissure, promote wound healing and improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of copy number variations (CNVs) of exon 11 of IL-23 receptor gene with susceptibility to active pulmonary tuberculosis among Chinese Uygurs.

METHODSIn this study, 250 subjects with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 250 normal controls were recruited. A paired case-control study was conducted in the Chinese Uygur population in Xinjiang and the CNV of IL-23R was analyzed using Taqman real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe study showed that the frequencies of different copy number in exon 11 of IL-23R between PTB and control groups were statistically significant (χ(2)=13.35, P<0.01). There were significant difference in CNV of exon 11 in IL-23R between PTB patients and controls (χ(2)=14.95, P<0.01, OR=2.875, 95%CI: 1.655-4.994). The increase of copy number in exon 11 of IL-23R showed significantly different between PTB and control groups (χ(2)=10.475, P=0.0012, OR=2.611, 95%CI: 1.437-4.744).

CONCLUSIONThe CNV of exon 11 in IL-23R is associated with PTB in the Chinese Uygur population. The increase of the copy number in exon 11 of IL-23R may be a risk factor for PTB in Chinese Uygurs.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin ; genetics ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; ethnology ; genetics ; Young Adult

Alzheimer′s disease ( AD) is a type of neurodegener-ative disease. Recent studies indicate that neuronal degeneration and loss triggered by tau, APP and Aβare the probable risks for AD. Neurofibrillary tangles are formed after tau truncated by ac-tivated caspases and subsequently induced tau aggregates, which causes neuronal degeneration and loss. In addition, caspases are crucial components in the biological functioning in the apoptosis pathways. Apoptosis pathway involves activation of upstream ini-tiator caspase-8 and downstream executor caspase-3/-6/-7. After the actions of β- and γ-secretase, APP transforms into sAPPβand Aβ40/42 . Aggregated Aβ42 can activate apoptosis pathway through DR4/5 interaction. C-APP is truncated into C31 frag-ments by caspases and cell apoptosis is facilitated. N-APP, a product of sAPPβhydrolysis, can promote the abnormal develop-ment of neurons mediated by DR6. Caspase activates γ-secre-tase-activating protein to regulate activity ofγ-secretase, and the production of C31 and Aβ40/42 , which, then, causes the occur-rence of AD. This brief review summarizes the specific roles of caspases and the concerning apoptosis pathways on the mecha-nisms of neuronal degeneration and loss, and how they impact the occurrence of AD in the hope of uncovering additional poten-tial therapeutic targets that can be employed in drug development and clinical therapy for AD.

Objective To understand the status of water contact and labor practice of residents in plateau mountain schisto?somiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategy of prevention and control of schistosomiasis in the next step of work. Methods A total of 412 residents aged 6-65 years old in 2 villages were randomly sampled and investigated with questionnaires for their water contacts and labor practices in plateau valley schistosomiasis endem?ic areas. Then the schistosome infection status of the residents was surveyed with the indirect hemagglutination assay IHA . Re?sults Among the 412 residents investigated the rate of water contact was 88.35% and the main causes of water contact were watering and swimming and playing. The percentages of residents who had schistosomiasis history were 1.16% 0.00%30.80% 3.85% and 0 in them who had swimming and playing water?contacts bathing watering washing hands and others respectively χ2=38.96 P<0.01 . The positives of IHA in the above?mentioned residents were 18.60% 0.00% 37.60%23.08% and 0 respectively χ2=12.61 P<0.05 . Conclusions The productive infested water contact is the main way of schistosome infection. Therefore the changes of labor practices and water contact of the residents are very important for the ef?fective prevention and control of schistosomiasis transmission.