19 cinnamamide/ester-triazole compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity. Among them, compound 4f displayed excellent anti-β-amyloid protein (Aβ)-mediated cytotoxicity (EC₅₀ = 2.03 ± 2.45 μmol·L^-1) in APPswe cells and acetylcholinesterase inhibiton (IC₅₀ = 4.88 ± 4.70 μmol·L^-1). Further study indicated that, at dosages of (1, 5 and 25 mg·kg^-1), compound 4f was effective in improving spatial learning and memory deficits in Aβ_1-42-impaired mice, which was achieved by promoting the nonamyloidogenic signaling and inhibiting the amyloidogenic pathway, along with the suppression of Aβ-induced Tau phosphorylation. All animal experiments in this study were approved by the Experimental Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB-20220908D701). In conclusion, compound 4f holds promise as a lead candidate for AD treatment, and the present study lays the foundation for its subsequent development.

Acute lung injury （ALI） is a common and highly lethal clinical syndrome characterized by acute progressive respiratory failure. Currently， the treatment of ALI primarily involves respiratory support therapy and symptomatic pharmacotherapy， yet there is still a lack of specific and effective pharmacological treatments. Qingwen Baidu decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has the effects of clearing heat， removing toxin， cooling blood， and purging fire. Its pharmacological effects include anti-inflammatory， antipyretic， antibacterial， antiviral， sedative， and so on. The flavonoids， phenols， terpenes， and other components contained in this formula have strong pharmacological activity， which can regulate the inflammatory response caused and oxidative stress in ALI and maintain the integrity of alveolar-capillary barrier （ACB） by anti-apoptosis， anti-pathogen infection， and anti-pulmonary fibrosis， thereby improving the pathological changes of lung tissue. Among them， flavonoids have been reported more， and their mechanism of action is complex and diverse. For example， quercetin， luteolin， and baicalin act on multiple important targets， such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 （MAPK3）， etc. and participate in the regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， and silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/forkhead box protein O1 （FoxO1） signaling pathways， thereby intervening in pathological events such as inflammation， oxidative stress， cell apoptosis， and fibrosis. This paper aims to review the research progress on Qingwen Baidu decoction and its active ingredients in the prevention and treatment of lung injury in the expectation of providing reference for its subsequent pharmacological mechanism research and theoretical support for its clinical application and drug development in the treatment of ALI.

Objective To evaluate the effect of virtual reality(VR)on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkin-son's disease. Methods A systematic search of CBM,CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,and PubMed was carried out to identify randomized control trials(RCT)about the effect of VR technology on pa-tients with Parkinson's disease from inception to February 29th,2024.The control group received routine cogni-tive training,balance training or physical therapy,and the experimental group received VR technology.The quali-ty of articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's 5.1.0 RCT risk assessment tool for bias.The meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4.GRADE was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome indica-tors. Results A total of 13 literatures involving 426 patients were included.Allocation concealment and blind methods were not described in most literatures,and selective reporting of research results or other biases was unclear.VR tech-nology could improve the Motreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score(MD=1.11,95%CI 0.31 to 1.90,P=0.006),Trail Making Test(TMT)-A score(MD=-6.25,95%CI-11.71 to-0.78,P=0.030)and depression scale score(SMD=-0.56,95%CI-0.95 to 0.18,P=0.004)of patients with Parkinson's disease;however,it did not improve TMT-B score(MD=-6.01,95%CI-28.16 to 16.14,P=0.590),Unified Parkinson's Disease Rat-ing Scale(UPDRS)-Part II score(MD=-2.11,95%CI-4.97 to 0.75,P=0.150)and Parkinson's Disease Ques-tionnaire(PDQ-39)score(MD=-0.92,95%CI-4.03 to 2.19,P=0.560).For quality of evidence,MoCA score,UPDRS-Part II score and PDQ-39 score were low,and depression score and TMT score were moderate. Conclusion VR technology can improve the cognitive function and depression of patients with Parkinson's disease;how-ever,no significant improvement is found in activities of daily living and quality of life.

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective formulation approaches to enhance the water solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, maintenance of physical stability of amorphous drug is one of the main challenges in the development of ASD. Crystallization is a process of nucleation and crystal growth. The nucleation is the key factor that influences the physical stability of the ASD. However, a theoretical framework to describe the way to inhibit the nucleation of amorphous drug is not yet available. We reviewed the methods and theories of nucleation for amorphous drug. Meanwhile, we also summarized the research progress on the mechanism of additives influence on nucleation and environmental factors on nucleation. This review aims to enhance the better understanding mechanism of nucleation of amorphous drug and controlling over the crystal nucleation during the ASD formulation development.

Objective To analyze the latent categories of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution of college students,and to explore the moderating effects of latent categories of TCM constitution on the the associations between self-efficacy and depression-anxiety symptoms.Methods An investigation was carried out in two universities of Guangdong Province with 30-item TCM constitution scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale,and then a total of 1 097 valid samples were obtained.Correlation analysis,latent profile analysis,and hierarchical regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results(1)Four latent categories of TCM constitution were obtained in the college students:generally-balanced type(32.0%),highly-balanced type(17.4%),generally-biased type(36.9%)and highly-biased type(13.7%).There were statistically significant differences in the subscale scores of TCM constitution scale among the college students with various latent categories of TCM constitution(all P＜0.001).(2)Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy negatively predicted the symptoms of depression and anxiety(β value being-0.268,-0.161 respectively,P＜0.001);with the generally-balanced type as reference,the generally-biased type and the highly-biased type positively predicted the symptoms of depression and anxiety,and the highly-balanced type negatively predicted the symptoms of depression and anxiety(all P＜0.001).(3)The latent categories of TCM constitution had moderating effects on the self-efficacy and depression-anxiety symptoms:the depression-anxiety symptoms were relieved with the increase of self-efficacy in the college students with the TCM constitution being generally-biased type,highly-biased type and generally-balanced type(all P＜0.01);in the college students with highly-balanced type,the symptoms of depression(β=0.005,P=0.907)and anxiety(β=0.007,P=0.878)did not change with the increase of self-efficacy.Conclusion Obvious heterogeneity of TCM constitution is presented in the population of college students.The measures of enhancement of self-efficacy and the correction of TCM to promote the psychological health of college students should be performed with reference to the characteristics of their TCM constitution types.

Based on the views of FAN's Eight Dynamic-Static Sequential Methods,Professor FAN Guan-Jie believes that the obesity has the pathological factor of blood stasis in addition to qi deficiency and phlegm-damp.The compatibility of blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs for the treatment of obesity is accorded to the progression of the disease.In the clinic,Crataegi Fructus associated medicinal cluster of activating blood and removing stasis is usually recommended.The medicinal cluster is with Crataegi Fructus as the chief medicinal,and is compatible with drug pairs of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Carthami Flos and Moutan Cortex-Paeoniae Radix Rubra.Crataegi Fructus associated medicinal cluster is able to treat qi and blood simultaneously,mainly aimed at removing blood stasis,supplemented by nourishing blood,promoting qi and blood movement,and invigorating spleen and stomach,which has the features of simultaneous dispersing and astringency,and proper combination of static therapy and dynamic therapy,and is suitable for obese patients with blood stasis obstruction in the vessels.

Objective:To describe and analyze the self-care contributions of caregivers of chronic patients and provide guidance for future research on caregivers' contributions.Methods:Using the scoping review method, the computer search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP and Wanfang database. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to June 10, 2023, and the included literature was summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 40 articles were included, of which 6 observational studies reported the significance of caregivers' self-care contributions to patients with chronic diseases. 17 articles reported measuring tools for caregivers' self-care contributions, 11 studies involved the influencing factors of caregivers' self-care contribution and 6 articles reported the intervention methods related to caregiver self-care contribution.Conclusions:Caregivers are of great significance to the health promotion behavior of patients with chronic diseases. Medical staff should accurately evaluate the self-care contributions of caregivers for chronic disease patients, implement personalized intervention measures to improve their quality of life and clinical outcomes.

This study was aimed at understanding the pollution distribution pattern of avian influenza virus in the environ-ment in poultry related places in Shandong Province,to provide a scientific basis for the prevention,control,prediction,and early warning regarding human infection with avian influenza.From 2020 to 2023,6 523 environmental samples were collected in 16 cities in Shandong Province from four types of poultry-related places.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used for nucleic acid testing of influenza A virus.Positive samples were further identified for the H5,H7,and H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus.The epidemiological characteristics of avian influenza viruses in the poultry related environment of Shandong Province were described,and inter-rate comparisons were performed with the x2 test.During 2020-2023,6 523 environmental samples were collected,and 1 007 cases positive for avian influenza virus were detected,with a positivity rate of 15.44％.H5,H7,and H9 subtypesand mixed infections were detected.H9 was the main subtype(88.48％)in positive specimens.A significant difference in positivity rates was observed among regions(x2=431.956,P＜0.001),and the highest positivity rate was 28.93％.Significant differences in positivity rates were observed among monitoring sites(x2=304.604,P＜0.001),sample types(x2=109.678,P＜0.001),and quarters(x2=64.963,P＜0.001).The positive detection rate was highest at monitoring sites in urban and rural live poultry markets(20.12％),and the positive detection rate of samples collected by wiping meat cut-ting board surfaces was higher than that of other samples(22.56％).The peak positive detection rate occurred in spring(20.31％).Widespread contamination with avian influenza virus was observed in poultry environments in Shandong Prov-ince.The H9 subtype,the main pathogen,coexisted with H5 and H7 subtypes,thus posing a risk of human infection with avian influenza.Therefore,prevention and control of avian influenza must be strengthened in key seasons,areas,places,and links.

Objective:To study the mechanism of icariin inhibiting the proliferation of human PCa PC-3 cells based on cell metabolomics technology.Methods:We determined the proliferation activity of human PC-3 cells by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay,and compared the proliferation of the PC-3 cells among the control,5-fluorouracil and icariin intervention groups.Using the Bligh Dyer method,we extracted endogenous metabolites from the cells,analyzed the metabolic profile by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,identified the differential metabolites by principal component anal-ysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,and enriched the metabolic pathways based on the MetaboAnalyst data-base.Results:Icariin significantly inhibited the proliferation of human PCa PC-3 cells.A total of 89 differential metabolites were i-dentified,mainly including amino acids,phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine,lysophosphatidylcholine,and lysophosphati-dylethanolamine,all with the tendency to return to the normal level after icariin intervention.Icariin significantly downregulated the metabolic levels of the glycerophospholipid metabolites phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine,lysophosphatidylcholine and ly-sophosphatidylethanolamine,and upregulated those of amino acid metabolites tryptophan,leucine,and proline in the PC-3 cells.Conclusion:Icariin inhibits the proliferation of human PCa PC-3 cells,which may be closely related to its regulatory effect on lipid metabolism(glycerophospholipid metabolism)and amino acid metabolism.

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Alcohol Drinking ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Hypertension/genetics* ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics* ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*