ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of icariin （ICA） on the phenotype of dendritic cells （DCs） in heart tissue of the Dahl salt-sensitive myocardial remodeling model of rats and its regulation on the vitamin D system. MethodsMale Dahl salt-resistant rats were divided into a normal group， and male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were divided into a model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose ICA groups （30， 60， 120 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Vitamin D group （3×10^-5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. In addition to the normal group， the other groups were given an 8% high salt diet to establish a myocardial remodeling model and received intragastric administration after successful modelling once a day for six weeks. The dynamic changes in tail artery blood pressure were monitored， and detection of cardiac ultrasound function in rats was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes in rat heart tissue. The phenotype of DCs and T helper cell 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg） ratio were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression of vitamin D receptor （VDR）， 1α-hydroxylase （CYP27B1）， 24-hydroxylase （CYP24A1）， forkhead frame protein 3 （FoxP3）， solitaire receptor γt （RORγt）， myocardial type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， and type collagen （ColⅢ） in heart tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed disordered arrangement and rupture of myocardial cells， nuclear condensation， significant edema of myocardial tissue， significant proliferation of collagen fibers in a network distribution， and a significant increase in tail artery blood pressure， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVESD） （P<0.05）. The phenotype of cardiac DCs was CD40， CD80， and CD86， and the levels of major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ （MHC-Ⅱ）， Th17 cells， and Th17/Treg were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein expression of CYP24A1 and RORγt in the heart， as well as the mRNA expression of ColⅠ and ColⅢ， were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， interventricular septal thickness （IVSD）， and left ventricular posterior wall thickness （LVPWD） were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The phenotype of cardiac DCs such as CD11， CD11b， and Treg cells， were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， while the mRNA and protein expression of cardiac VDR， CYP27B1， and FoxP3 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose ICA groups and vitamin D group significantly reduced myocardial cell rupture and nuclear consolidation in rats. The high-dose ICA group and vitamin D group showed a small amount of myocardial cell rupture and nuclear consolidation， improving myocardial fiber arrangement to varying degrees and significantly reducing myocardial fiber rupture and proliferation. The tail artery blood pressure， LVEDD， and LVESD were significantly decreased in the low-， medium-， and high-dose ICA groups and vitamin D group （P<0.05）， and the phenotype of cardiac DCs including CD40， CD80， CD86， MHC-Ⅱ， Th17 cells， and Th17/Treg were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein expression of CYP24A1 and RORγt， and the mRNA expression of ColⅠ and ColⅢ in the heart were significantly decreased in the medium- and high-dose ICA groups and vitamin D group （P<0.05）. The LVEF， IVSD， and LVPWD of myocardial remodeling model rats in the low-， medium-， and high-dose ICA groups and vitamin D group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The phenotypes of cardiac DCs including CD11， CD11b， and Treg cells were significantly increased in the medium- and high-dose ICA groups and the Vitamin D group （P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein expressions of VDR， CYP27B1， and FoxP3 in the heart were significantly increased in the medium- and high-dose ICA groups and vitamin D group （P<0.05）. ConclusionICA can regulate tail artery blood pressure， cardiac structural and functional damage， and myocardial tissue fibrosis and inhibit phenotype and functional maturation of DCs in heart tissue in the myocardial remodeling model of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. It can also affect the gene and protein expression of VDR， CYP24A1， and CYP27B1， achieving its intervention in Th17/Treg balance in the immune process of myocardial remodeling possibly by regulating vitamin D/VDR in heart tissue.

In recent years, cancer treatment methods and means are becoming more and more diversified, and single treatment methods often have limited efficacy, while the synergistic effect of immunity combined with chemotherapy can inhibit tumor growth more effectively. Based on this, we constructed a sodium alginate hydrogel composite system loaded with chemotherapeutic agents and tumor vaccines (named SA-DOX-NA) with a view to the combined use of chemotherapeutic agents and tumor vaccines. Firstly, the tumor vaccine (named NA) degradable under acidic conditions was constructed by in situ polymerization using chicken ovalbumin (OVA), acrylamide (AAM) and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer. Then a hydrogel composite system SA-DOX-NA co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and NA was prepared using sodium alginate as a matrix. The results showed that SA-DOX-NA had good in situ gel-forming ability and formed a mesh structure that could realize the co-loading of DOX and NA as well as the slow drug release. The electron microscopy results showed that SA-DOX-NA had good in situ gel-forming ability with good internal connectivity, and the three-dimensional mesh structure could realize the co-loading of DOX and NA as well as the slow drug release. The antitumor and immunomodulatory results showed that SA-DOX-NA both effectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells and efficiently promoted the proliferation and activation of DC2.4 dendritic cells without additional adjuvant. In summary, SA-DOX-NA exerts the dual efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for tumor treatment, and has a good application prospect in local tumor treatment.

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.
Calcium ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Analgesia/methods* ; Acupuncture Points ; Technology

Due to the high similarity with the lipid layer between human skin keratinocytes, functional cosmetics with layered liquid crystal structure prepared by liquid crystal emulsification technology encapsulating natural active substances have become a hot research topic in recent years. This type of functional cosmetic often has a fresh and natural skin feel, excellent skin barrier repair function and efficient moisturizing effect, etc., showing great potential in cosmetic application. However, the present research on the application of liquid crystal emulsification technology to functional cosmetics is still in the initial stage, and there are fewer relevant reports with reference values. Based on the mentioned above, this review provides a comprehensive summary of functional cosmetics with layered liquid crystal structures prepared by liquid crystal emulsification technology from the following aspects: the structure of human skin, the composition of lamellar liquid crystal, the advantages of liquid crystal emulsification technology containing natural active substances used in the field of functional cosmetics, the preparation process, main components, influencing factors during the preparation and the market functional cosmetics with lamellar liquid crystal structure. Finally, the prospect of the application of liquid crystal emulsification technology in functional cosmetics is presented, to provide useful references for those engaged in the research of liquid crystal emulsification technology-related functional cosmetics.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of icariin （ICA）-mediated vitamin D system on peripheral blood dendritic cells （DCs） and helper T cells 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cells （Treg） balance in myocardial remodeling model of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. MethodFifty SPF Dahl salt-sensitive rats were divided into model group， vitamin D group （3×10^-5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose ICA groups （120， 60， 30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and 10 Dahl salt-resistant rats were used as normal group. The myocardial remodeling model was established by feeding rats with a high-salt diet containing 8% NaCl. After six weeks of modeling， the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of ultrapure water by gavage， and other groups were continuously administrated for six weeks. Cardiac echocardiography， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in cardiac structure and fibrosis. The levels of serum 25（OH）D₃， B-type N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-ProBNP）， interleukin （IL）-17， transforming growth factor （TGF）-β₁， IL-12， and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The phenotype of peripheral blood DCs and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells of rats were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of vitamin D receptor （VDR），1α-hydroxylase （CYP27B1）， and 24-hydroxylase （CYP24A1） in peripheral blood DCs of rats. ResultCompared with the control group， the rats in the model group had pathological changes such as disordered arrangement of myocardial cells and cytoplasmic hypertrophy and swelling. Myocardial collagen fibers proliferated significantly， and the arrangement of myocardial fibers was disordered. The levels of serum 25（OH）D₃ and IL-10 were significantly decreased， and the levels of serum IL-17， TGF-β₁， IL-6， IL-12， and NT-ProBNP were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The costimulatory molecules CD40， CD80， CD86， and MHC-Ⅱ were highly expressed in the peripheral blood DCs， and the expression of CD11 and CD11b was lower （P<0.05）. The proportion of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood was significantly increased， and the proportion of Treg cells was decreased. The ratio of Th17/Treg was increased （P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein expressions of CYP24A1 in peripheral blood DCs increased， and the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP27B1 and VDR decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the arrangement of myocardial fibers in each drug administration group was relatively regular， and the swelling of myocardial cells was significantly reduced. The pathological morphology of myocardial tissue was improved to varying degrees. The pathological changes in myocardial tissue were improved and alleviated to varying degrees. The drug could reduce the serum levels of NT-ProBNP， IL-17， TGF-β₁， IL-6， and IL-12 and increase the level of serum 25（OH）D₃ and IL-10 （P<0.05）. The expression of costimulatory molecules CD40， CD80， CD86， and MHC-Ⅱ in the peripheral blood DCs of rats was decreased， and the expression of CD11 and CD11b molecules was increased （P<0.05）. The drug could reduce the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells and increase the proportion of Treg cells （P<0.05）. It could decrease the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP24A1 in peripheral blood DCs of rats and elevate the mRNA and protein expression of VDR and CYP27B1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionICA can regulate the phenotype of peripheral blood DCs and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells by regulating the vitamin D system and play a role in improving myocardial remodeling from the perspective of immune balance.

Protein as the allergens could lead to allergy. In addition, a widespread class of allergens were known as glycans of N-glycoprotein. N-glycoprotein contained oligosaccharide linked by covalent bonds with protein. Recently,studies implicated that allergy was associated with glycans of heterologous N-glycoprotein found in food, inhalants, insect toxins, etc. The N-glycan structure of N-glycoprotein allergen has exerted an influence on the binding between allergens and IgE, while the recognition and presentation of allergens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were also affected. Some researches showed thatN-glycan structure of allergen was remodeled by N-glycosidase, such as cFase I, gpcXylase, as binding of allergen and IgE partly decreased. Thus, allergic problems caused by N-glycoproteins could potentially be solved by modifying or altering the structure ofN-glycoprotein allergens, addressing the root of the issue. Mechanism of N-glycans associated allergy could also be elaborated through glycosylation enzymes, alterations of host glycosylation. This article hopes to provide a separate insight for glycoimmunology perspective, and an alternative strategy for clinical prevention or therapy of allergic diseases.

To investigate the differences in methylation levels of cuproptosis related genes in cervical cancer and their effects on clinical prognosis.Methods:The methylation data of 310 cervical tissue specimens were acquired from public databases. The UALCAN database was used to analyze the methylation level differences of 12 cuproptosis-related genes and study their level in different stages or grades of cervical cancer. Genes with statistically significant differences were selected for prognosis analysis using the EWAS datahub. Finally, gene-enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, immune infiltration analysis, the mutation rate and tumor mutation burden (TMB) of the genes in cervical cancer were analyzed using the cBioportal database. Two independent samples rank-sum test was used for differences in methylation levels and immune cell infiltration; comparative analyses of overall survival were performed using KM survival curves and Log-rank two-sided tests. TMB analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon Test for statistical analyses; Pearson correlation analysis was used for assessment in GSEA and pathway analyses.Results:The methylationβvalue of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A gene) in the cervical cancer tissues of patients was 0.075 which was significantly higher than the methylationβvalue of 0.049 in normal human tissues ( P=0.008). Dihydrolipoamide S-Acetyltransferase (DLAT gene) methylation with a β value of 0.102 was significantly higher than normal human tissue methylation with a β value of 0.08 ( P=0.002), and the methylation level β value of Lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1 gene) in cervical cancer tissues was 0.06,which was significantly lower than normal human tissue methylation value of 0.092 ( P=0.009). Patients with CDKN2A gene methylation levels≥0.199 had an overall survival of 14.75 years, which was lower than that of patients with methylation levels<0.199 (17.56 years) ( P=0.034).The results of gene enrichment analysis indicated that it mainly involves biological processes such as the response to type I interferon and DNA replication. The expression of CDKN2A gene is positively correlated with the number of neutrophils and dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the number ofmacrophages( P<0.05). TMB was higher in the group of variants of the CDKN2A gene than in the group of non-variants ( P=0.019). Conclusion:CDKN2A methylation is a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer.

Objective To understand the application of skin disinfectant in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)nationwide.Methods From April to May 2023,application of skin disinfectant in 93 NICUs nationwide was sur-veyed with convenience sampling method by a self-designed questionnaire.Questionnaire contents included types of disinfectant,disinfection tools,cleaning and disinfection frequency,disinfectant drying status,removal of disinfec-tant,and adverse reactions caused by disinfectant.Results A total of 93 nursing units in 71 medical institutions from 25 provinces/municipalities were included in this study.In NICUs,three most commonly used disinfectants were ethanol(79.57％),iodophor(74.19％),and anerdian(62.37％).In nursing units for neonates＜2 months of age,chlorhexidine was prohibited in 28 units(30.11％),used with caution in 23 units(24.73％),allowed in 9 units(9.68％),and there was no unified requirement in 33 units(35.48％).When using ethanol,staff only wiped once in 13(17.57％)nursing units.In some nursing units,there was no unified requirements on the wiping fre-quency of disinfectant.As for the removal of residual iodine,saline was used in 29(42.03％)nursing units,ethanol in 8(11.59％),and 19(27.54％)did not have unified requirements.The adverse reactions of disinfectant mainly included rash and contact dermatitis.Disinfectants that caused adverse reactions included ethanol,iodophor,aner-dian,and chlorhexidine.Conclusion In clinical practice,unified standards for the use of neonatal skin disinfectant remain absent.Selection and use of neonatal skin disinfectant vary considerably.Neonatal skin disinfectants have common adverse reactions.It is necessary to strengthen the training of health care workers on the standardized use of disinfectant,as well as carry out large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trial designs to provide scientific basis for the correct selection of disinfectant.

Trichinosis is a global food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Trichinella spiralis(T.spiralis),which causes serious harm to animal production,and the public health safety of humans and animals.T.spiralis has a complex devel-opment history,and its entire life cycle is completed in the same host.To coexist with the host,it has evolved various immune escape mechanisms for avoiding immune clearance by the host,thus establishing long-term chronic infection.In this study,to aid in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of T.spiralis,the immune escape mechanism of Trichinella is discussed from three aspects:the molecular role of antigens in various stages,the immune regulatory effect on the host,and the formation of cysts to generate immune isolation.

S100 calc-binding protein A8/A9(S100A8/A9)can induce the migration of primary tumor cells to distant target organs by binding multiple channel proteins,promote the formation of tumor metastasis microenvironment,and play an important role in the immune and inflammatory response of the body.It provides a new target and idea for the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis and invasion.This paper mainly reviewed the expression and mechanism of S100A8/A9 on related channel proteins in a variety of high incidence tumors,in order to provide a new strategy for tumor prevention,diagnosis and treatment.