ObjectiveBased on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the brain activity characteristics of gross motor tasks in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and motor dysfunctions (MDs) to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of MDs in children with ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective. MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 children with ASD accompanied by MDs were recruited into the ASD group and 40 children with typically developing (TD) into the TD group. The fNIRS device was used to collect the information of blood oxygen changes in the cortical motor-related brain regions during single-handed bag throwing and tiptoe walking, and the differences in brain activation and functional connectivity between the two groups of children were analyzed from the perspective of brain activation and functional connectivity. ResultsCompared to the TD group, in the object manipulative motor task (one-handed bag throwing), the ASD group showed significantly reduced activation in both left sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and right secondary visual cortex (V2) (P<0.05), whereas the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex (PMC&SMA) had significantly higher activation (P<0.01) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, there was a significant decrease in the strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and V2. In the body stability motor task (tiptoe walking), the ASD group had significantly higher activation in motor-related brain regions such as the DLPFC, SMC, and PMC&SMA (P<0.05) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, the ASD group had lower strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with PMC&SMA and V2. ConclusionChildren with ASD exhibit abnormal brain functional activity characteristics specific to different gross motor tasks in object manipulative and body stability, reflecting insufficient or excessive compensatory activation of local brain regions and impaired cross-regions integration, which may be a potential reason for the poorer gross motor performance of children with ASD, and meanwhile provides data support for further unraveling the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of MDs in the context of ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective.

Objective To investigate the effective components and therapeutic mechanism of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction in treating chronic non-atrophic gastritis. Methods The primary and secondary ion fragments of chemical components of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction were obtained by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Comparing with reference standards and literature information, a comprehensive characterization of the chemical constituents of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction was conducted. Then, the network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction in treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis based on the components in plasma and verified by immunohistochemical results. Results A total of 24 absorbed components of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction were characterized, including 11 flavonoid glycosides, 3 fatty acids, 3organic acids, 2 gingerols, 2 flavonoids and, 1 each of fatty aldehydes, triterpenoids and amino acids, which mainly acted on TNF-α, IL-6, STAT3, and PTGS2. It exerted therapeutic effects by modulating signaling pathways, including the IL-17 signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, etc. Conclusion This study provided the first exploration of the effective components and therapeutic mechanism of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction in treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, which could offer scientific references for its further research.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system(CNS)by a single-center analysis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1247 cases of CNS infectious diseases diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from 2001 to 2020.Results The data for this group of CNS infectious diseases by disease type in descending order of number of cases were viruses 743(59.6％),Mycobacterium tuberculosis 249(20.0％),other bacteria 150(12.0％),fungi 68(5.5％),parasites 18(1.4％),Treponema pallidum 18(1.4％)and rickettsia 1(0.1％).The number of cases increased by 177 cases(33.1％)in the latter 10 years compared to the previous 10 years(P<0.05).No significant difference in seasonal distribution pattern of data between disease types(P>0.05).Male to female ratio is 1.87︰1,mostly under 60 years of age.Viruses are more likely to infect students,most often at university/college level and above,farmers are overrepresented among bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and more infections of Treponema pallidum in workers.CNS infectious diseases are characterized by fever,headache and signs of meningeal irritation,with the adductor nerve being the more commonly involved cranial nerve.Matagenomic next-generation sequencing improves clinical diagnostic capabilities.The median hospital days for CNS infectious diseases are 18.00(11.00,27.00)and median hospital costs are ￥29,500(￥16,000,￥59,200).The mortality rate from CNS infectious diseases is 1.6％.Conclusions The incidence of CNS infectious diseases is increasing last ten years,with complex clinical presentation,severe symptoms and poor prognosis.Early and accurate diagnosis and standardized clinical treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and ease the burden of disease.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of gait kinematic combined with total MRI burden for the risk of falls in patients with gait disorder in cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)using logistic regression analysis and ROC curve. Method:Forty-three patients diagnosed with CSVD and presenting primarily with gait disorder at Rehabilitation Department of Gansu Province Hospital from March 1,2019 to March 30,2020 were selected.The statistical clinical data were collected,and according to the TUG test time,all patients were divided into a group with high risk of fall(high risk of falling,HRF,TUG≥15s)and a group of low risk of falls(low risk of falling,LRF,TUG＜15s).Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve were used to assess the predictive value of gait kinematic characteristic combined with total MRI burden for the risk of falls in CSVD patients. Result:A total of 43 patients were included with average age(71.07±8.17)years.Among them,there were 26 female(60.4％)and 30 hypertension patients(69.8％),After adjusting for age and TUG,the logistic regres-sion analysis showed that the step length(OR 0.821,95％CI 0.702-0.959,P=0.013)was an independent protec-tive factor against the risk of falls in CSVD patients,while the total MRI burden(OR 4.217,95％CI 1.444-12.317,P=0.009)was an independent risk factor for the falls in CSVD.The ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of step length and total MRI burden had a high predictive value for the risk of fall in CSVD patients with gait disorder(AUC=0.904),with a sensitivity of 82.6％and a specificity of 90％. Conclusion:Step length combined with total MRI burden has a high predictive value for the risk of falls in CSVD patients with gait disorder.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Interpreting normal or diseased facial color accurately is the prerequisite for the study of facial color diagnosis technology.However,due to the variety of facial color in clinical practice and physicians may have different understanding as well as interpretation methods of the"five colors",the total rate of facial color interpretation consistency is lower than expected.The application of TCM diagnosis and treatment technology under the background of artificial intelligence puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of facial color interpretation.This article elucidated the internal logical relationship of"the color of normal status","the color of life"and"the color of death"in Su Wen·Wu Zang Sheng Cheng Pian,explored the facial color interpretation standards,simulated the visual characteristics of"five colors"and designed the standard process of facial color interpretation.Then,the article discussed the limitations of the facial color theory in TCM,and put forward the point of view that the only way for clinical application of facial color diagnosis technology is to establish the expert consensus or guidelines that meet the needs of modern clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a new type of self-made bone drill applied to percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy for L5/S1 intervertebral disc herniation.Methods The clinical data of 52 patients with L5/S1 intervertebral disc herniation admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy,with a new type of self-made bone drill for foraminoplasty during the surgery.The surgical conditions and occurrence of complications were recorded.The pain of patients before surgery,3 days after surgery,3 months after surgery,6 months after surgery,and 1 year after surgery was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS);and the neurological function improvement before and after surgery was evaluated by Oswestry disability index(ODI).Results All patients underwent successful surgery without serious complications or recurrence after surgery.The VAS and ODI scores of patients 3 days,3 months,6 months,and 1 year after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion The self-made new bone drill can significantly improve the efficiency of foraminoplasty and ensure surgical safety,with satisfactory early clinical effect.

Objective To analyze the molecular markers of various nuclei in the human basal ganglia and the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)among different nuclei,gender,and Parkinson's disease(PD),followed by the biological function annotations of the DEGs.Methods Forty-five specimens of basal ganglia from 10 human postmortem brains were divided into control and PD groups,and the control group was further categorized into female and male groups.RNA from each sample was extracted for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing.Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify molecular markers of each nuclei in the control group,nuclei-specific,gender-specific,and PD-specific DEGs,followed by gene enrichment analysis and functional annotation.Results Sequencing analysis revealed top DEGs such as DRD1,FOXG1,and FAM183A in the caudate;SLC6A3,EN1,SLC18A2,and TH in the substantia nigra;MEPE and FGF10 in the globus pallidus;and SLC17A6,PMCH,and SHOX2 in the subthalamic nucleus.In them,putamen showed some overlapping DEGs with caudate,such as DRD1 and FOXG1.A significant number of DEGs were identified among different nuclei in the control group,with the highest number between caudate and globus pallidus(9321),followed by putamen and globus pallidus(6341),caudate and substantia nigra(6054),and substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus(44).Gene enrichment analysis showed that downregulated DEGs between caudate and globus pallidus were significantly enriched in processes like myelination of neurons and cell migration.Upregulated DEGs between putamen and globus pallidus were enriched processes like chemical synaptic transmission and regulation of membrane potential,while downregulated DEGs were enriched in myelination and cell adhesion.Upregulated DEGs between caudate and substantia nigra were enriched in processes like chemical synaptic transmission and axonal conduction,while downregulated DEGs were enriched in myelination of neurons.Totally 468,548,1402,333,and 341 gender-specific upregulated DEGs and 756,988,2532,444,and 1372 downregulated DEGs were identified in caudate,putamen,substantia nigra,globus pallidus,and subthalamus nucleus.Gene enrichment analysis revealed upregulated DEGs mostly enriched in pathways related to immune response and downregulated DEGs in chemical synaptic transmission.At last,709,852,276,507,and 416 PD-specific upregulated DEGs and 830,2014,1218,836,and 1730 downregulated DEGs were identified in caudate,putamen,substantia nigra,globus pallidus,and subthalamus nucleus.Gene enrichment analysis revealed upregulated DEGs mostly enriched in apoptotic regulation and downregulated DEGs in chemical synaptic transmission and action potential regulation.Conclusion We identified and analysed the molecular markers of different human basal ganglia nuclei,as well as DEGs among different nuclei,different gender,and between control and PD.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To understand the distribution and changing resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Enterococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET program by automated systems,Kirby-Bauer method,or E-test strip.The results were interpreted according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints in 2021.WHONET 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 565 strains of Enterococcus were isolated during the 7-year period,mainly including Enterococcus faecalis(50.7％)and Enterococcus faecalis(41.5％).The strains were mainly isolated from urinary tract specimens(46.9％±2.6％),and primarily from the patients in the department of internal medicine,surgery and ICU.E.faecium and E.faecalis strains showed low level resistance rate to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid(≤3.6％).The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis and E.faecium was 0.1％and 1.3％,respectively.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis increased from 0.7％in 2015 to 3.4％in 2021,while the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecium was 0.3％.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus were still highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,evidenced by a low resistance rate.However,the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis was increasing during the 7-year period.It is necessary to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance to effectively identify the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and curb the spread of resistant pathogens.