In the era of informatization, virtual teaching labs have emerged as a pivotal exploration in the construction of new teaching organizations at the primary level. Virtual labs of teaching research and reform require faculty members to collaboratively conduct teaching reform research and practice, thereby fostering new paradigms and achievements for teaching reforms. It serves as a vital foundation for supporting comprehensive reforms in curriculum teaching and specialty construction. This paper delves into the logical framework of virtual teaching research and reform labs from four dimensions (value orientation, construction principles, organizational structure, and operational safeguards), and elaborates on lab construction pathways from four aspects (technological platforms, behavioral relationships, knowledge management, and spiritual culture). Taking virtual teaching labs for medical education as an example, the paper summarizes practical experience in the innovative exploration of reform-oriented virtual teaching labs. Finally, we discuss the most constraining factors in the current construction of virtual teaching labs, and propose that research on virtual teaching labs should pay more attention to solving practical problems in major and curriculum reforms to promote the integration of medical education and practice, ultimately contributing to the realization of the Healthy China initiative.

Abstract The physical health of children and adolescents has received widespread attention in recent years, and a series of problems due to unbalanced energy expenditure have come into focus. Energy expenditure in children and adolescents is influenced by multiple factors including body composition and physical activity level. By analyzing and summarizing the characteristics and specificities of energy expenditure in children and adolescents at different ages, the review aims to formulate a targeted design and implementation plans for future intervention studies.

Childhood obesity has become a global public health problem, and its incidence and development are closely related to the exposure to risk factors in early life. In recent years, more and more epidemiological research evidences have shown that breastfeeding has the modification effect on early life risk factors of childhood obesity, such as high genetic risk of obesity, maternal gestational diabetes mellitus, macrosomia and other factors. This paper reviews the research results in this field, and summarizes the modification effect of breastfeeding on childhood obesity heredity and early life environmental risk factors associated with childhood obesity, to provide a reference for the evaluation of positive effect of breastfeeding on prevention and control of obesity in specific risk groups for taking targeted measure to reduce the risk for childhood obesity.

Objective:To assess the effect of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) on in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiac arrest undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 696 patients with intra-hospital cardiac arrest undergoing ECPR from Samsung Medical Center in Korea between January 2004 and December 2013. According to whether IABP was used, the patients were divided into ECPR group and ECPR+IABP group. Cox regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to examine the correlation between IABP usage and in-hospital mortality, and standardized mean difference ( SMD) was used to check the degree of PSM. Survival analysis of in-hospital mortality was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and further analyzed by the Log-Rank test. Using the propensity score as weights, multiple regression model and inverse probability weighting (IPW) model were used for sensitivity analysis. In-hospital mortality, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) withdrawal success rate and neurological function prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results:A total of 199 patients with cardiac arrest undergoing ECPR were included, including 120 males and 79 females, and the average age was (60.0±16.8) years. Thirty-one patients (15.6%) were treated with ECPR and IABP, and 168 patients (84.4%) only received ECPR. The total hospitalized mortality was 68.8% (137/199). The 1 : 1 nearest neighbor matching algorithm was performed with the 0.2 caliper value. The following variables were selected to generate propensity scores, including age, gender, race, marital status, insurance, admission type, service unit, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, pulse oxygen saturation, white blood cell count. After the propensity score matching, 24 pairs of patients were successfully matched, with the average age of (63.0±12.8) years, including 31 males and 17 females. The in-hospital mortality was 72.6% (122/168) and 48.4% (15/31) in the ECPR group and the ECPR+IABP group [hazard ratio ( HR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.28-0.82, P = 0.007]. Multiple regression model, adjusted propensity score, PSM and IPW model showed that the in-hospital mortality in the ECPR+IABP group was significantly lower compared with the ECPR group ( HR = 0.44, 0.50, 0.16 and 0.49, respectively, 95% CI were 0.24-0.79, 0.28-0.91, 0.06-0.39 and 0.31-0.77, all P < 0.05). The combined application of IABP could improve the ECMO withdrawal success rate [odds ratio ( OR) = 8.95, 95% CI was 2.72-29.38, P < 0.001] and neurological prognosis ( OR = 4.06, 95% CI was 1.33-12.40, P = 0.014) in adult cardiac arrest patients. Conclusion:In patients with cardiac arrest using ECPR, the combination of IABP was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality, higher ECMO withdrawal success rate and better neurological prognosis.

Obesity has become a serious public health problem globally.China has the world's largest number of people with obesity or overweight.More than 50％of adults and about 20％of children and adolescents in China are overweight or obese.Over the past 20 years,China has made many efforts in obesity intervention,while obesity rates continued rising.In recent years,China has taken more actions for obesity prevention.The World Obesity Day(WOD)was established in 2015 by the World Obesity Federation,and is a unified day of action calling for a cohesive,cross-sector response to fight obesity.WOD has drawn increasing attention in recent years.China formally joined the WOD activities this year,promoted by The Obesity Prevention and Control Section of Chinese Nutrition Society,which cooperated closely with other organizations in carrying out a series of activities during the 2022 WOD.These efforts aimed to encourage the whole society to pay attention to the obesity problem and take more practical actions.The activities include:(1)The 2022"World Obesity Day"China Summit;(2)a specifically developed WOD obesity prevention education video;and(3)the launch of The Expert Consensus on Obesity Prevention and Treatment in China.These can serve as examples for other organizations and countries to consider in future intervention efforts.To fight the global obesity epidemic,all counties and people need to act.Countries can learn from each other's successful practices.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between the clinical medical college students' time investment (including study, activities, entertainment and exercise) and general self-efficacy (GSE) in a medical university in Liaoning province, China.Methods:The first-year medical students were asked to participate the survey. Their GSE was measured by using general self-efficacy scale (GSES) in 2018. One year later, the independent variable table was used to investigate the extracurricular activity time, and 683 valid questionnaires were collected. Ordered logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlation between students' extracurricular activities and GSE.Results:Medical students' GSE was positively associated with their time in extracurricular study ( OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.49-2.54), volunteer activities ( OR=1.36, 95%CI = 1.01-1.83), and physical activities ( OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.01-1.85). However, there was no significant correlation with the time in activities organized by students ( OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.79-1.50) or activities organized by school ( OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.84-1.59). Furthermore, compared with clinical students of "5+3" year program, the 5-year program clinical students had a stronger correlation between medical students' GSE and the input of extracurricular study time. Conclusion:There is a positive correlation between medical students' GSE and their extracurricular time investment, which indicates that increasing medical students' GSE could be an effective method to improve their extracurricular time investment and eventually improve their comprehensive quality.

Medical professionalism plays a critical role in training doctors with noble medical ethics and excellent medical skills. Clarifying the connotation of medical professionalism is the only way which must be passed to deepen the research and cultivation of medical professionalism. At present, there is a heated discussion on the medical professionalism in the world. This study will introduce the development history and latest research progress of medical professionalism and summarize the evolution track and characteristics of medical professionalism from three aspects: development period, international authorities' explanations and research framework. Furthermore, this study will also discuss the connotation and development of medical professionalism in the new era of China, in order to provide reference for the cultivation and evaluation of medical professionalism.

Abstract Overweight and obesity among children is not only harmful to physical and mental health, but also associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in adulthood. Health related behavioral factors are one of the most important causes of child overweight and obesity, which commonly co occur and show a synergistic negative influence on health. The synergistic effects suggest that interventions are likely to be more cost effective and to maximize impact by targeting health risk behaviors in combination with the improvement of a variety of modificable behaviors. The present review aims to describe the update of co occurrence and clustering patterns of obesity related health risk behaviors, and proposes the future direction for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a chronic, obesity-related liver disease, which has become one of the most common liver diseases in children.NAFLD is also regarded as the liver symptom of metabolic syndrome in children, which is closely related with obesity, insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism and even cardiovascular-related disease in children.Therefore, it is noteworthy to provide more concerns and efficiency strategies regarding prevention and treatment of NAFLD in children.Previous studies have shown that abnormal fructose metabolism could play an essential role in the physiopathological process of NAFLD.Here in, this study aims to perform the comparation of the similarities and differences regarding fructose metabolism in liver under physiological and pathological conditions, in addition, to clarify the problems and challenges that need to be overcome in clinical studies and bench work related to NAFLD.

To investigate the quality value of medical education for supporting the strategy of Health China and cultivating the first-class medical talents. In this article, seven laws for the improvement of medical talents were put forward. Only by following these laws can truly put quality values of medical education into practice in the talent training, and can achieve the goal of improving the quality of medical talent training by medical education reform.