A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to "recurrent chest pain for 8 months, with worsening symptoms for 2 weeks". After admission, comprehensive relevant examinations led to the consideration of a giant chronic left ventricular pseudoaneurysm caused by myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Surgical treatment was performed at our hospital. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this patient.

Advances in biological and medical technologies have been providing us explosive volumes of biological and physiological data, such as medical images, electroencephalography, genomic and protein sequences. Learning from these data facilitates the understanding of human health and disease. Developed from artificial neural networks, deep learning-based algorithms show great promise in extracting features and learning patterns from complex data. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of deep learning techniques and some of the state-of-the-art applications in the biomedical field. We first introduce the development of artificial neural network and deep learning. We then describe two main components of deep learning, i.e., deep learning architectures and model optimization. Subsequently, some examples are demonstrated for deep learning applications, including medical image classification, genomic sequence analysis, as well as protein structure classification and prediction. Finally, we offer our perspectives for the future directions in the field of deep learning.
Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Machine Learning ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To explore risk factors of the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)after hormone therapy (HT).Methods A total of 178 patients with prostate cancer from February 2009 to February 2018 were enrolled to analyze the risk factors of the progression to castrationresistant prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital.The mean age was72 years (range,49-91 years);the middle Gleason score was 7 (range,4-10);the middle PSA at the initiation of HT was 24.45 ng/ml (range,0.16-100.0 ng/ml);the middle time to PSA nadir was 9 months (range,0.5-69.0 months);the middle PSA nadir after HT was 0.030 ng/ml (range,0.003-78.670 ng/ml);the mean hemoglobin level was 131 g/L (range,64-184 g/L);the mean alkaline phosphatase level was 98 U/L (range,35-734 U/L);39 patients were diabetes mellitus (21.9％);82 patients were bone metastasis/visceral metastasis (46.1％);85 patients (47.8 ％) were in clinical T1 + T2;93 patients(52.2％)were in clinical T3 + T4.We studied the relationship between CRPC and these risk factors including age,Gleason score,PSA at the initiation of HT,PSA nadir after HT,the time to PSA nadir,hemoglobin level,alkaline phosphatase,bone metastasis/visceral metastasis,clinical T stage,diabetes mellitus by x2 test,univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis methods.Results The middle follow-up time was 30 months (range,6-92 months).There were 74 of 178 patients progressed to CRPC after HT.The median time of progression to CRPC in this cohort was 15 months (range,4-47 months).On x2 test analysis,there were statistically significant differences between the progression to CRPC group after HT and the rest group in Gleason score (P ＜0.001),PSA nadir after HT (P ＜0.001),PSA at the initiation of HT (P =0.042),alkaline phosphatase (P =0.002),bone metastasis/visceral metastasis (P＜0.001) and clinical T stage (P ＜0.001).Additionally,on multivariate Cox regression analysis,Gleason score (OR =6.152,P ＜ 0.001),PSA nadir after HT (OR =3.022,P ＜ 0.004) and the time to PSA nadir (OR =0.375,P ＜0.001) were found to be significantly associated with the rapid progression to CRPC.Conelusions Gleason score,PSA nadir after HT and the time to PSA nadir were significantly associated with the progression to CRPC.Patients with higher PSA nadir or the shorter time to PSA nadir were more likely to progress to CRPC.

Objective:To study the effect of mesalazine hydroxyl-propyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound ( MSZ-HP-β-CD) liq-uid suppositories on ulcerative colitis ( UC) in rats. Methods:Dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce UC in rats. The marketed MSZ suppositories were applied as the positive control, and the changes in morphology and histopathology of the UC rats were observed after the treatment with MSZ-HP-β-CD liquid suppositories. Results:The results of morphology study showed that CMDI was decreased in the two MSZ preparation groups when compared with that in the model group (P<0. 01), and that in MSZ-HP-β-CD liquid supposi-tories group was the lowest (P<0. 05). The results of histopathology study showed that with the treatment of the marketed MSZ sup-positories and MSZ-HP-β-CD liquid suppositories, the ulcer and damage were improved, and the improvement in the MSZ-HP-β-CD liquid suppositories group was more significant. Conclusion: MSZ-HP-β-CD liquid suppositories exhibit better effect on UC in rats when compared with the marketed MSZ suppositories, which is worthy of further studies.

Objective To identify the risk factors for prostate-sparing cystectomy by evaluating the risk of prostatic invasion or incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) in bladder cancer (BCa) patients undergoing radical cystectomy.Methods The patients undergoing radical cystectomy from 2009 to 2014 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were enrolled to analyze the risk factors of prostatic tumor invasion.These factors included age,tumor size,location,quantity,histologic grade and pathologic stage.Results In the 123 male patients,the mean age was 60 years (range,31-78 years);23 (18.7％) patients had BCa or PCa in the prostate;14 (11.4％) had prostatic Bca;11 (8.9％) had PCa.The risk factors of prostatic BCa included multifocal bladder tumors (OR =26.70,P =0.032),tumor in the bladder neck and trigone(OR =17.13,P =0.013),pathological stage (OR =26.70,P ＜ 0.001).Among the 11 patients with PCa,3(27.3％) patients had Gleason score of ≥7,8(72.7％) patients ≤6 and 2(18.2％) patients had extracapsular extension.Three patients had clinically significant PCa.The factor of advanced age was associated with incidental PCa (P =0.003).Conclusion The risk factors of prostatic tumor invasion in patients undergoing radical cystectomy included advanced age,bladder tumor in bladder neck and trigone,muhifocal bladder tumors,and advanced pathological stage.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy of Jiangu tongxiao pills in the treatment of osteoarthritis. METH-ODS:72 patients with osteoarthritis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 36 cases in each group. Treatment group was given Jiangu tongxiao pill orally,5 g/time,3 times/d;control group was treated with Glucosamine sulfate capsules orally. 0.5 g/time,3 times/d. A treatment course lasted for 7 days,and both group received 4 treatment courses. Clinical ef-ficacy,WOMAC score and VAS score were observed and compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The total effective rate of treat-ment group(94.44%)was obviously superior to that(83.33%)of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). WOMAC score and VAS score of treatment group were lower than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Jiangu tongxiao pills has good therapeutic efficacy for osteoarthritis.

Objective To compare the bio-medical parameters in SIV infected Chinese rhesus monkeys with diverse disease progression,by which the pathogenesis of simian AIDS were to be investigated.Methods Sixteen Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239 and followed-up for 18 months.Based on their progression patterns and plasma viral loads,animals were divided into 3 groups,including 1 rapid progressor( RP),13 normal progressors(NP),and 2 elite controllor(EC).Their parameters of haematology,virology,immunology and pathology were examined and compared. Results Compared with other animals,RM449(RP) showed higher viral load,unresponsive humoral immunity,and higher level of auto-antibodies against lymph node,thymus,and spleen.Additionally,its effector memory CD4 count was lower,with the transformation progress being blocked-like from naive/central memory subsets to effector memory subset,as the flow-cytometry assay showed.Notable decrease in its peripheral B cell was also observed,especially to the sub-population of tissue-like memory B cells and activated memory B cells.Pathological examination showed the depletion of lymphoid tissue,atrophy of spleen and loss of thymus.Moreover,most of these parameters of RM450 and RM453 (EC) changed opposite to that of RP.Conclusion The hallmarks of RM449 were higher viraemia and lower SIV specific IgG level,which may due to the disturbance of T cells and B cells development and differentiation.Moreover,destructions of organs of the immune system may contribute to the disturbance.Our study suggest that the change of micro-environments of thymus induced by SIV infection,which is necessary in T cell and B cell development and differentiation,may contribute at least partially to the AIDS pathogenesis.

Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test versus several other laboratory tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Methods Lumber puncture was conducted to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from untreated outpatients with latent syphilis (LS) or serofast outpatients with LS. Then, VDRL test, rapid plasma regain (RPR) test, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test and protein quantification were performed on these CSF samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were compared between VDRL test and four other laboratory tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Results Totally, 61 cases of latent syphilis were included in this study. The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.44% (57/61), 99.32%(293/295), 96.61%(57/59), 98.65% (293/297)for CSF-RPR, respectively, 91.80% (56/61), 82.71% (244/295), 52.34% (56/107),97.99 (244/249) for CSF-TPPA, respectively, 93.44% (57/61), 82.71% (244/295), 52.78%(57/108), 98.39%(244/248) for CSF-FTA-ABS, respectively, and 49.18%(30/61), 97.29% (287/295), 78.95% (30/38),90.25% (287/318) for CSF protein quantification, respectively. Conclusions CSF-VDRL cannot be replaced by CSF-RPR, -TPPA, -FTA-ABS, or CSF protein quantification in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. CSF-RPR shows a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, with an increased diagnostic capability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) compared with CSF-TPPA, CSF-FTA-ABS or CSF protein quantification.

Objective To explore the ideal choice of feeding artery which is used for regional arterial infusion (RAI) in severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Forty-five patients with SAP were treated with RAI. The ideal feeding artery was that can supply entire pancreas according to arteriography and can maximize concentration of drug at pancreatic tissue. The pancreatic arteriography was considered as the final objective evidence for choice. Results (1)Gastroduodenal artery was chosen as feeding artery in forty-four cases, and superior mesenterlc artery was chosen in only one case because of vascular abnormity. (2)According to splenic arteriography, blood of splenic artery was supplied to spleen chiefly, and only partial tail of pancreas was applied by splenic artery. (3)According to celiac trunk arteriography, blood of celiac trunk could be supplied to entire pancreas, but a considerable proportion of the total blood was supplied to spleen through splenic artery and liver through hepatic artery proper.Therefore, the drug utilization index was lower. (4)According to gastroduodenal arteriography, blood of gastroduodenal artery could be supplied to entire pancrea, and almost all of the blood that contains drug flowed into pancreas. Therefore, the drug utilization index was higher. Conclusions Gastroduodenal artery is the ideal choice of artery which is used for regional intra-arterial infusion in sever acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic arteriography should be applied routinely when yever acute pancreatitis was treated with RAI.

OBJECTIVETo study the cytotoxicity of maitotoxin (MTX) and its protective effects on calcium-channel blocking agents, so as to provide the data for control and treatment of MTX poisoning.

METHODSCytotoxicity was measured by MTT detecting system, and cytoplasmic free [Ca(2+)]i was measured by F-4500 fluorometry.

RESULTSIncubation with 8 ng/ml MTX for 3 h reduced the survival ratio of LLC-PK(1) cells. The response was found in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with significant differences as compared with the control group. The MTX-induced increase in [Ca(2+)]i was inhibited by Verapamil and Nifedipine at 5 x 10(-5) mol/L and 1 x 10(-4) mol/L respectively. Both of them significantly reduced the death of the LLC-PK(1) cells.

CONCLUSIONSCytotoxicity of MTX may be caused by the elevated intracellular [Ca(2+)]i. Calcium-channel blocking agents could protect LLC-PK(1) cells from injury by MTX.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Drug Antagonism ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Marine Toxins ; toxicity ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Oxocins ; Swine ; Verapamil ; pharmacology