ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND:At present,the treatment of infected bone defects has the problems of long course of disease,poor treatment effect and high cost.The osteogenic effect of personalized bone replacement materials in clinical treatment is limited.Therefore,a 3D-printed bone graft material with both good osteogenic effect and antibacterial effect is urgently needed for clinical treatment. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research status of 3D-printed scaffolds loaded with antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infected bone defects. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,Elsevier,and CNKI databases from January 2010 to June 2022 were searched for related articles.The Chinese search terms were"bone defect,3D printing,scaffold material,antibacterial,animal experiments,in vitro experiments".English search terms were"bone defect,3D printing,scaffold,antibiosis,animal experiment,in vitro".Finally,60 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 3D scaffolds made of titanium,magnesium,tantalum and other metals and their alloys have certain osteogenic properties,but do not have antibacterial function.Hydroxyapatite and other bioceramic materials have good biocompatibility and are prone to be degraded,whereas due to the lack of strength,they are usually combined with artificial polymer materials to form composite materials,which respectively mimic the inorganic and organic components in natural bone,and play their respective excellent functions.Antibiotics,silver/copper nanoparticles,antimicrobial peptides,gallium and other antibacterial agents play an antibacterial role by destroying bacterial cell membrane,producing reactive oxygen species to interfere with bacterial DNA replication,inhibiting iron absorption and other mechanisms.As a result,the 3D-printed scaffold has both antibacterial and osteogenic effects.However,there are still some problems such as drug resistance and difficult to control effective concentrations.3D-printed scaffolds are often loaded with antibacterial agents by loading drug-loaded microspheres on scaffolds,preparing antibacterial coating on the scaffold surface,and participating in joint 3D printing with drugs.The loading mode of antibacterial coating prepared on the scaffold surface is the most widely used,and its antibacterial effect is more stable.Nonetheless,the selection of the most suitable loading mode for antibacterial agents needs to be further discussed and summarized.It is a future research prospect to optimize the mechanical properties of composite scaffolds and prepare biomimetic bone scaffolds so that the degradation rate is consistent with the bone reconstruction rate in infected bone defects.The ideal antibacterial agents may play a role through a variety of antibacterial mechanisms,thus being expected to play a good antibacterial effect through low antibacterial concentration,which should be a hot spot of anti-bone infection research.After loading antibacterial agents on the surface of the scaffold,antibacterial agents can"intelligently"react to the local microenvironment,achieving controlled release,and regulating the osteogenesis,vascularization and immune response of the microenvironment,which is the focus of current research.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of qualitative and quantitative fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) in identifying colorectal cancer, so as to provide insights into perfecting screening strategies for colorectal cancer. Methods: Participants in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program for Key Populations in Zhejiang Province from May 2020 to December 2021 were recruited, and their demographic information, lifestyle and disease history were collected through a questionnaire survey. Qualitative or quantitative FIT along with a questionnaire-based risk assessment were employed as the initial screening tests. Individuals who were positive in any FIT or had high-risk assessment results were required to attend a subsequent colonoscopy examination. The positive rate, detection rate of colorectal cancer, positive predictive value and number of colonoscopies required were compared between qualitative and quantitative FITs, and stratified analyses by gender and age were conducted. Results: Totally 4 099 769 participants were included. The qualitative FIT group included 3 574 917 individuals, yielding a positive rate of 11.35%, a detection rate of 1.19%, a positive predictive value of 0.48% and 83.84 colonoscopies required to detect one cancer case. The quantitative FIT group involved 524 852 individuals, yielding a positive rate of 6.70%, a detection rate of 2.31%, a positive predictive value of 1.01% and 43.23 colonoscopies required to detect one cancer case. The quantitative FIT group showed significantly higher detection rate of colorectal cancer, higher positive predictive value and less number of colonoscopies required compared to the qualitative FIT group (all P<0.05). The same results were obtained after stratification by gender and age. Conclusion Compared to qualitative FIT, quantitative FIT improves the detection of colorectal cancer and reduces the workload of colonoscopy examinations, making it more suitable for colorectal cancer screening in large-scale populations.

Dementia in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly presents amnesia and dullness. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia belong to the category of dementia in TCM. These progressive neurological diseases have a complex etiology and a long course， and the drugs that can reverse the disease course remain to be developed. Therefore， early intervention plays a vital role in delaying the disease progression. Apathy refers to a lack of motivation that leads to the attenuation or disappearance of goal-directed behaviors， cognitive functions， and emotional responses. Clinical studies have suggested that apathy exists in the early stage of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases， being one of the key symptoms to the early diagnosis of dementia. The severity of apathy is related to the severity of dementia. Therefore， early diagnosis and treatment of apathy are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of dementia. The preclinical research on apathy in dementia is still in its infancy， and the systematic evaluation method has not been prescribed. The clinical diagnosis and treatment are also in the exploratory stage， and the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of apathy and dementia development have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the research progress of apathy in dementia， the apathetic behaviors of dementia animal models， the behaviors of patients with apathy， and the treatment methods in recent years and summarizes the research status of apathy in dementia. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the behavior of apathy in dementia and conducting preclinical research and evaluation of the pathogenesis and to lay a foundation for the treatment of apathy in dementia.

Objective:To explore the application effect of respiratory rehabilitation nursing led by respiratory rehabilitation nursing group in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 124 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were admitted to Department of Respiratory Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects. Among them, 62 cases admitted to the hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were set as the control group and 62 cases admitted to the hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were set as the observation group. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given respiratory rehabilitation nursing by the respiratory rehabilitation nursing group. The differences in body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index (BODE) index, Chinese version of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scale, activity of daily living (ADL) , self-efficacy and self-management ability were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:Finally, 58 patients in the control group and 61 patients in the observation group completed the study. After the intervention, the BODE index and CAT score of the observation group were lower than those before the intervention, and the scores of ADL, self-efficacy and self-management ability were increased, and they were all higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:In the respiratory rehabilitation nursing of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a special respiratory rehabilitation nursing group can relieve the symptoms of dyspnea and improve the ADL, self-efficacy and self-management ability of patients, which is worthy of promotion.

Objective:Unidentified filling objects (UFO) can cause adverse results including infections, overfilling, asymmetry, foreign body granulomas, dislocation or psychological panic. To remove UFO accurately, it is important to locate and identify the injected substances preoperatively. This study investigated the viability of using MRI to correctly locate and identify injected substances by relating MRI to gross and pathological microscopic examination.Methods:Eighty-two facial UFO patients from 2013 to 2017 were studied by the experts of the Department of Image, Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University. Five of the patients were male and seventy-seven were female. The age ranged from 17 to 58 years with average 29.4 years. They came to our hospital for removal of UFO after they had facial injective fillers in the illegal medial offices. The injected sites involved in the forehead, temple, malar, cheek, nose, nasolabial folds, and chin. All the patients＇ faces were examined with MRI preoperatively, using T1W, T2W and fat-suppressed sequences. Based on the guides of MRI, UFOs were removed with their capsules by open approach. Samples were recorded with digital pictures and then were fixed in 10% formalin solution for microscopic examination of HE stained slices.Results:Based on MRI, gross and microscopic examination, UFO were classified into 3 types, gel-like fillers, solid particles, and growth factors. Gel-like fillers appeared strongly hyperintense on T2 W and STIR sequences and hypointense on T1 W sequences. Grossly, they looked like gruel covered by altered soft tissue. Under the light microscope, many pieces of blue-stained material were dispersed in subcutaneous tissue infiltrated with a large number of mononuclear cells and foreign-body giant cells. Solid particles had low to intermediate signal intensity on T1 W and T2 W images. Grossly, they were like sand merging in soft tissue. The biopsy showed crowed bubbles surrounded by tissue filled with a large number of mononuclear cells and foreign-body giant cells. For growth factors affected tissue, it was hard to differentiate between normal and abnormal on MRI. The affected tissue appeared as somehow hypointense on T1 W sequences and hyperintense on T2 W fat suppressed sequences. During the operation, the affected region was easy bleeding and full of fibrofatty tissue. Under the microscope, there were increased small blood vessels and collagens.Conclusions:Based on MRI, gross and microscopic examination, UFO can be classified into 3 types, gel-like fillers, solid particles, and growth factors. MRI is very important for doctors to assess the patient＇s conditions and make the plan of operation. MRI is also useful for doctors to locate UFO and understand the relationship between UFO and their nearby organs.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of application of the internet of things in respiratory rehabilitation nursing for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 96 patients who were admitted to the Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine in the Center of Respiratory Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January to December 2019 were selected as research objects. Patients were selected according to their willingness to use the internet of things devices for respiratory rehabilitation. Voluntary users were included in the observation group, while unwilling users were included in the control group, with 48 cases in each group. The control group received routine respiratory rehabilitation nursing, while the observation group received the internet of things scheme on the basis of the control group. The maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) , activity of daily living (ADL) , rehabilitation exercise compliance and satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:There were significant differences in the MIP and ADL between the two groups before and after the intervention ( P< 0.01) . After the intervention, the MIP, ADL, rehabilitation exercise compliance and satisfaction of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of the internet of things in respiratory rehabilitation nursing of COPD patients can improve the MIP, ADL, rehabilitation exercise compliance and satisfaction of patients, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To evaluate the comparability and consistency of two kinds of triglycerides reference methods, one of which is the isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in the Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network (CRMLN), the other isthehigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for triglyceride detection in China. Methods 52 fresh frozen sera with triglycerides levels among 0.45-4.52 mmol/L were determined by LC/MS and HPLC. After evaluation the precision and accuracy of the two methods,a series of analyses were conducted including plotting to scatter plots and deviation graphs, testing outliers, selecting the best fitting regression models and calculating the regression equations and parameters, and so on. The expected deviation at the level of medical decision of triglycerides and the 95％confidence range were statistically analyzed.Results For HPLC method, the CV of instrument measurement was 0.29％(0％-1.16％), the total CV of samples measurement was 0.54％(0.04％-1.28％), and the average bias of the reference materials was 0.22％(-0.43％-0.68％). ForLC/MSmethod,the CV of instrument measurement was 0.55％(0％-1.68％),the total CV of samples measurement was 0.79％(0％-1.93％), and the average bias of the NIST reference materials was 0.09％(-0.73％-1.29％). No outlier was found from the scatter plots and the statistical analysis and the linear regression was fitted to analyze the results of the two methods. The linear regression parameters of two methods for 52 fresh frozen human sera were as follows:the slope was 0.9988,the standard error of slope was 0.0035, the intercept was 0.0037mmol/L, the standard error of intercept was 0.0030 mmol/L, the standard error of Y-estimate was 0.0236 mmol/L,and the correlation coefficient was 0.9997. Compared with the LC/MS method,the absolute deviation of fresh sera by HPLC method was-0.001 mmol/L (-0.070-0.056 mmol/L), with a relative deviation of 0.13％ (-2.01-2.83％). T-test showed no statistically significant difference between the two methods. The expected deviations at the triglycerides medicine decision level were within the 95％confidence range,and the expected deviations were far less than the allowable error. Conclusions The HPLC method of triglyceridesdetetion has good consistency and comparability with LC/MS method as one of the reference methods of CRMLN. Because of the advantages of HPLC method such as low cost, simplicity,less technical need,and better precision,HPLC method is expected to play an important role in the process of standardization and traceability of serum triglycerides.

Objective To propose and validate a reduced volume β-quantification method to measure serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods The reduced volume β-quantification method involved separation of LDL and HDL by ultracentrifugation and preparation of HDL by chemical precipitation. The sampling and reconstitution of the bottom fractions were performed gravimetrically and sample volume was thus decreased from 5 to 0.8 ml. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the cholesterol concentration of bottom fractions and HDL-C in the supernatant. Serum levels of LDL-C depended on a calculation of bottom fractions cholesterol minus HDL-C. Results The total CVs for HDL-C and LDL-C were 0.65％ -1.75％ and 0.63％ -1.11％. The results of the developed method were consistent with the current reference method and well within the allowable bias for Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network surveys. Conclusion A new method for the measurement of HDL-C and LDL-C has been established. This method requires a small amount of serum and is easy to operate, exhibiting a desirable precision and accuracy. It is reliable and can be used as a candidate reference method for HDL-C and LDL-C.

Aim To study the anti-inflammatory activity of the Channa argus bile.Methods The bile was isolated and purified by extraction and silica gel column chromatography.Then the compounds were identified by hydrogen and carbon spectra.The spleen lymphocytes proliferation assay and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 releasing Nitrogen Monoxide(NO) experiment were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity.Results Compound(C1) of sodium taurocholate and compound(C2) of sodium taurochenodeoxycholate were isolated by activity tracing.The cell relative viabilities of the two compounds on Concanavalin A(Con A) induced spleen lymphocytes proliferation assay were 65.9%±11.7% and 60.5%±9.4%, which were significantly different from the result of model group (P<0.01), respectively.The NO production of LPS-induced RAW264.7 release of NO was (16.4±1.9) μmol·L-1 and (15.5±1.7) μmol·L-1, which were significantly different from the result of model group(P<0.01).Conclusion Sodium taurocholate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate from Channa argus perform the anti-inflammatory activities but have no cytotoxic effect on spleen lymphocytes and macrophage.