Nervous system diseases， also known as neuropathies， encompass a wide range of conditions， primarily including Alzheimer's disease （AD）， Parkinson's disease （PD）， Huntington's disease， and other neurodegenerative disorders， as well as depression， subarachnoid hemorrhage， cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， vascular dementia， and other neurological diseases. These diseases pose serious threats to the health and lives of patients， bringing heavy burdens to society and families. The pathogenesis of nervous system diseases is highly complex， involving mechanisms such as neuroinflammation， oxidative stress， apoptosis， endoplasmic reticulum stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， brain-derived neurotrophic factor deficiency， reduced cholinergic activity， axonal injury， and demyelination. In recent years， the incidence and mortality of nervous system diseases have been rising annually. Currently， western medicine primarily focuses on symptomatic treatment， often accompanied by many adverse reactions， including lethargy， excessive sedation， dizziness， headaches， tachycardia， liver function damage， metabolic disorders， and incomplete recovery after surgery. As a traditional Chinese medicine， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has effects such as promoting blood circulation， removing blood stasis， cooling the blood， clearing the heart， nourishing the blood， and calming the nerves. It can play a role in the treatment and protection against nervous system diseases through multiple targets， pathways， and mechanisms. Studies have found that the water-soluble phenolic acids and fat-soluble diterpenoid quinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the main active ingredients for the treatment of nervous system diseases. This paper summarized the effects of the active components and compounds of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on nervous system diseases over the past ten years， aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the development and application of active components and compounds of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in nervous system diseases.

Chronic pancreatitis （CP） is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and progressive damage to pancreatic tissue， and its deterioration may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP， which seriously threatens the health of patients with CP. In recent years， studies on the pathogenesis of CP have mostly focused on the activation of pancreatic stellate cells （PSCs） and its role in pancreatic fibrosis. This article elaborates on the mechanism of action of PSCs in CP， summarizes the current status of research on effective traditional Chinese medicine components and prescriptions for intervention of PSCs in the treatment of chronic CP， and proposes the future research directions for effective traditional Chinese medicine components and prescriptions， so as to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of CP patients in the future.

The pathogenesis of central nervous system （CNS） diseases is complex， seriously affecting patients' physical and mental health and imposing a heavy economic burden on society. Western medicine shows limited efficacy in treating CNS diseases and is often associated with numerous adverse reactions and contraindications. Chinese medicine Lycii Fructus exhibits multiple pharmacological effects， including immune regulation， enhancement of hematopoietic function， liver protection， anti-tumor， hypoglycemic， antipyretic， anti-aging， and anti-radiation activities， and has gradually been applied in clinical treatment. In recent years， the active components of Lycii Fructus have attracted considerable attention for their potential therapeutic effects on CNS diseases. Studies indicate that these active components may exert neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions， inhibition of neuronal apoptosis， and repair of neuronal damage， involving multiple targets and pathways. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of Lycii Fructus active components in CNS diseases over the past decade by searching PubMed， CNKI， Wanfang Data， and other electronic databases， aiming to provide new treatment strategies and insights for future research on Lycii Fructus in CNS disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases caused by degeneration and dysfunction of the cells and tissues of the central nervous system， mainly including Alzheimer's disease （AD）， Parkinson's disease （PD）， and epilepsy. A common clinical manifestation of these diseases is cognitive decline. Neurodegenerative diseases are more common in the elderly. As population aging is aggravating， neurodegenerative diseases have aroused increasing concern since they seriously affect human health and quality of life. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex， mainly related to mitochondrial dysfunction， apoptosis， neurotoxin， neurotransmitter abnormalities， oxidative stress， and inflammation. Although western drugs on the market can attenuate the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases， they may induce severe adverse reactions and are thus not conducive to long-term use by the patients. The Chinese herbal medicine Angelicae Sinensis Radix was first recorded in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica （Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing）. It has the functions of activating blood， tonifying blood， modulating the immune system， regulating menstruation， and relieving pain. This paper summarizes the research progress in the effects of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and the prescriptions containing this medicine on neurodegenerative diseases in recent 10 years， aiming to provide a reference for the future application and research of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain charac-terized by abnormal neuron excitability.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of neuron excitability modulation remains elusive.With the help of bioinformatic methods,we have identified receptor-type tyrosine-pro-tein phosphatase-like N(PTPRN)as a critical gene dur-ing epileptogenesis.PTPRN recruits NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase to NaV1.2 sodium channels,facilitating NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination and endocytosis.Knockout of PTPRN endows hippocampal granule cells with augmented depolarization currents and higher intrinsic excitability,which is reflected by increased seizure susceptibility of transgenic mice.On the contrary,reduced neuron excit-ability and decreased seizure susceptibility are observed after PTPRN overexpression.Meanwhile,we find that a 133 aa fragment recaptures modulation effect of PTPRN full-length,and this fragment shows therapeutic potential towards epilepsy caused by NaV1.2 gain of function vari-ants.In brief,our results demonstrate PTPRN playsa criti-calroleinregulatingneuronexcitability,providing a poten-tial therapeutic approach for epilepsy.

Objective To examine the antidepressant effects of resveratrol (RSV),and its possible mechanism specialized on improving cognitive function.Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control,Model,Model+RSV and Model+NA+RSV groups.The mice were subjected corticosterone (20 mg/(kg · d)) intraperitoneal injection for 21 consecutive days except the control mice.From the 22nd to 42nd day,the mice in different groups received further treatment with vehicle/ RSV (400 mg/(kg · d),op)/NA (100 mg/(kg · d),ip)+RSV (400 mg/(kg · d),op).The sugar preference test,novel object recognition test,novel location recognition test and water maze test were applied to evaluate the cognitive effects of RSV on mice.Subsequently,the silence information regulation factor 1 (SIRT1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α),parvalbumin (PV) transcription and translation level were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The sugar preference test showed that the depression model mediated by CORT injection was successfully established(F（1,30） =6,P=0.038).In in the novel object learning test,resveratrol significantly increased the proration on the frequency ((-0.20±0.37) vs (0.16±0.29))and duration((0.10±0.45) vs (0.62±0.29)) and decreased the proration on the distance((0.09±0.36) vs (0.55±0.27)).In the water maze test,resveratrol reduced the time((41±9)s;(26± 8) s) and distance ((295± 70) cm;(224±43) cm) to find the platform.All the results were accompanied with the increased expression of protein SIRT1 (F(3,29) =15.60,P＜0.01),PGC-1α(F(3,29)=7.51,P=0.0006) and PV (F(3,29) =17.87,P=0.0004).While pretreatment with nicotinamide,resveratrol could not rescue the cognitive impairment and could not reverse the iecreased expression level of protein SIRT1,PGC-1 α and PV.Conelusion Resveratrol can reverse the cognitive dysfunction of depressant mice,which may be achieved by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and increasing the transcription and protein expression of PV.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong injection combined with alprostadil in the treat-ment of acute cerebral infraction(ACI). METHODS:A total of 123 ACI patients selected from our hospital during Mar. 2014-Sept. 2016 selected as research subjects were divided into observation group (62 cases) and control group (61 cases) according to ran-dom number table. Control group was additionally given Alprostadil injection 2 mL+0.9% Sodium chloride injection 100 mL, ivgtt,qd,on the basis of routine treatment. Observation group was additionally given Shuxuetong injection 6 mL+0.9% Sodium chloride injection 250 mL,ivgtt,qd,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. MPV,FIB content, hemorheology indexes,neurologic impairment degree score before and after treatment as well as clinical efficacy,the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in MPV,FIB content, hemorheology indexes or neurologic impairment score between 2 groups (P>0.05). Compared with before treatment,MPV,FIB content,hemorheology indexes and modified Rankin scale of 2 groups were all decreased significantly;Barthel index and NIHSS scores were increased significantly,and each aspect of observation group was better than that of control group,with statistical sig-nificance(P<0.05). Total response rate of observation group was 95.16%,which was significantly higher than 85.25% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). No severe ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Shuxuetong injection com-bined with alprostadil can significantly improve the neurological function of ACI patients,improve hypercoagulable state by reduc-ing MPV and FIB content,and have good therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical characteristics of two types of geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus, the transient(nystagmus time <1 min) and the persistent(nystagmus time > 1 min), and to evaluate the efficacy of the barbecue roll maneuver. Methods: A total of 105 cases diagnosed by supine roll test were studied, which including 35 males and 70 females and the average age was (56.9±14.6)years. There were 70 transient geotropic DCPN and 35 persistent geotropic DCPN. The clinical characteristics and the immediate and one-week efficacy of the barbecue roll maneuver were discussed. Results: The nystagmus disappeared at the null-point position and the nystagmus in supine position were opposite to the bowing (90° nose-down) position in persistent geotropic DCPN cases. While to the transient geotropic DCPN cases, there were no NP and no nystagmus in prone position. The ratio of the first onset of the two groups was 28.6% (persistent) and 72.9% (transient) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The immediate and one-week efficacy after barbecue roll maneuver were 91.4% and 80.0% in transient geotropic DCPN cases, and 0% and 42.9% in persistent geotropic DCPN cases, which were statistically significant different(P<0.05). Conclusions The light cupula hypothesis can mainly explain the clinical features of persistent geotropic DCPN cases; the barbecue roll maneuver is invalid to persistent geotropic DCPN cases which can be self-healing.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of vestibular autorotation test in the diagnosis of BPPV. METHOD: VAT and caloric test were performed on 41 patients with BPPV. VAT results were analyzed according to the affected semicircular canal. RESULT: Results of VAT were abnormal in 34 (82.93%) patients with BPPV. Fourteen cases were found with abnormal vertical phase, 1 case with abnormal vertical gain in a total of 21 vertical semicircular canal BPPV patients. Six cases with abnormal horizontal phase lead, 5 cases with abnormal horizontal gain, 2 cases with asymmetry were found in 12 patients with horizontal semicircular canal BPPV. Phase lead was abnormal in all frequencies in 4 patients, and in 2-3 Hz in 21 patients. 24 (58.54%) patients showed abnormal canal paresis (CP) and direction preference (DP) in caloric test. CONCLUSION VAT can indicate information of vestibular function in both vertical and horizontal semicircular canal. Phase of VAT is constantly enhanced in BPPV, especially in 2-3 Hz. As the supplement of caloric test, VAT may prove helpful in assessment of semicircular canal function.
Adult ; Aged ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Function Tests

In order to investigate the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in airway epithelial tissues of normal and asthmatic rats, the influence of dexamethasone and the role of LIF in pathogenesis of asthma, 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 for each group): normal group, asthma model group, and dexamethasone-interfered group. In asthmamodel group and dexamethasone-interfered group, asthma rat models were established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10% ovalbumin (OVA) and challenge with 1% OVA via inhalation. Rats in dexamethasone-interfered group were pretreated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p) 30 min before each challenge. The expression of LIF protein in lung was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that LIF protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells. The expression of LIF protein in the airway epithelial tissue of asthma model group was significantly higher than that in normal group and dexamethasone-interfered group (P＜0.01), but there was no significant difference between normal group and dexamethasone-interfered group (P＞0.05). It was concluded that the expression of LIF was increased significantly in the airway epithelial tissue of the asthma rats, and dexamethasone could down-regulate the expression of LIF. It was suggested that LIF might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma as an inflammation regulator.