By analysing the similarity between defense qi and leukocytes in terms of function， site of action， and circadian rhythm， it is proposed that in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the pathogenesis of leukopenia is defense qi deficiency. By analyzing the relevant discussions on the generation and transmission of defense qi in TCM classics， it is believed that the original qi in lower jiao （焦） is the source of defense qi， while the water and grain qi in middle jiao enriches defense qi， and the upper jiao transmits and distributes defense qi to the whole body. Therefore， when treating leukopenia after chemotherapy with TCM， Guilu Erxian Gelatin （龟鹿二仙胶） and Yougui Pill （右归丸） are often used to tonify the kidney and supplement essence， and moxibustion at Guanyuan （CV 4） and Qihai （CV 6） is usually accompanied to replenish the original qi in lower jiao and enrich the source of defense qi. Guipi Decoction （归脾汤）， Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤）， Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散）， and Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤） are often suggested to strengthen spleen and replenish qi， in combination with moxibustion at Zhongwan （CV 12） and Zusanli （ST 36） to transport the spleen and stomach in the middle jiao to enrich the defense qi. Modified Guizhi Decoction （桂枝汤） to harmonize nutrient and defensive aspects is often used， and moxibustion at Dazhui （GV 14） and Feishu （BL 13） or scraping is added to dredge the striae and interstice in the upper jiao and promote transmission and dissemination of the defense qi. Considering the whole process of generation and distribution of defense qi， it is suggested to choose the most appropriate treatment modality flexibly， and combine internal treatment with external treatment， in order to provide ideas for the treatment of leukopenia in tumour patients.

Objective: To investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) intensity and sedentary behavior (SB) on calcanues bone mineral density (BMD) in preschool children, so as to provide a basis for rationalizing the daily physical activity of preschool children to promote bone health. Methods: A total of 673 pre school children aged 3-6 years from nine kindergartens in Pingxiang City, Ganzhou City and Yingtan City of Jiangxi Province, were selected from September to December 2021 by using the whole stratified cluster random sampling method. The PA levels and SB were measured by using a three axis acceleration sensor, and left calcanues BMD was measured by an ultrasound bone densitometer. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the effects of changes in PA on calcanues BMD in pre school children of all ages. Results: Of the 673 preschoolers surveyed, 498 (74.0%) achieved an average of ≥60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, there were 265 boys (71.2%), and 233 girls ( 77.4 %). The difference between genders was not statistically significant ( χ 2=2.77, P >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the BMD test of the calcaneus bones of preschoolers by gender ( Z=0.42, P >0.05). The difference in BMD results of pre school children with 3, 4, 5 to 6 years was statistically significant ( H=2.65, P <0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between SB duration and calcaneus BMD ( r =-0.13), and a positive correlation between low intensity physical activity (LPA) duration, MVPA duration, and calcaneus BMD ( r =0.14, 0.25 ) ( P <0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SB duration negatively correlated with calcaneus BMD, whereas LPA and MVPA duration positively correlated with calcaneus BMD ( P <0.05). Conclusions MVPA duration is positively correlated with the growth of BMD in the heel bone and negatively correlated with SB. The kindergartens can adjust their curricula according to the physical and mental developmental characteristics, gender and age differences of pre school children, increase the time of outdoor activities, and reduce the sedentary time to promote the bone health of young children.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of high intraocular pressure (IOP) after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in patients with high myopia, and construct and verify nomogram model.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From January 2019 to January 2021, 327 patients (654 eyes) with high myopia treated with FS-LASIK in the Department of Ophthalmology of the 910th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Coalition Security Force were included in the study. The patients were categorized into high IOP group and non-high IOP group according to whether high IOP occurred after surgery, which were 60 cases and 120 eyes (18.35%, 60/327) and 267 cases and 534 eyes (81.65%, 267/327), respectively. The clinical data of patients in the two groups were analyzed and observed, and the indicators with differences were subjected to one-way and multifactorial logistic regression analyses, and the results of the regression analyses were visualized to obtain the column line graphs using R3.5.3 software, and the accuracy of the column line graphs was verified by the consistency index (C-index), the calibration curves, and the subject's work characteristic curves (ROC curves).Results:Comparison of the number of cases of affected corneal thickness ( χ2=7.424), corneal curvature ( χ2=9.849), glucocorticoid treatment ( χ2=7.222), intraoperative IOP fluctuation ( χ2=11.475), corneal hysteresis ( χ2=6.368), and the incidence of intraoperative complications ( χ2=6.673) in the hypertensive IOP group and the nonvisualized IOP group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that corneal thickness >450 μm, corneal curvature≤38 D, glucocorticoid treatment, intraoperative IOP fluctuation, corneal hysteresis ≤8.0 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), and intraoperative complications were the risk factors for the occurrence of high IOP after FS-LASIK surgery in patients with high myopia ( P<0.05). The C-index of the column-line graph prediction model based on this was 0.722 (95% confidence interval 0.684-0.760), the calibration curve and the ideal curve were basically the same, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.709. Conclusions:Corneal thickness> 450 μm, keratometric curvature ≤38 D, glucocorticoid treatment, intraoperative fluctuation of intraocular pressure, and corneal hysteresis ≤8.0 mm Hg are the risk factors for the development of hyperopic IOP in highly risk factors for the development of high IOP after FS-LASIK surgery in myopic patients. The column-line diagram model constructed on the basis of the risk factors hava good accuracy.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), and to provide evidence for its further prevention and control.Methods:The epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, pulmonary CT changes, treatment plan (hormone intervention or not), and negative conversion time of nucleic acid were summarized and analyzed in 43 COVID-19 patients.Results:All the 43 patients had clear contact history, among which the number of patients transmitted from conference microphone was the largest (13 cases). There were 2 cases of critical disease, 4 cases of severe disease and 37 cases of common type. The main symptoms were fever (30 cases, 69.8%) and cough (40 cases, 72.1%). Lung CT mainly showed single or multiple ground glass shadows (40 cases), which were all absorbed by the treated lesions, among which 28 cases had a transient aggravation of the lesions during the treatment. All the 43 cases were treated with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, 2 cases in critical condition were treated with non-invasive ventilator, and 19 cases were treated with low-dose hormone. The average nucleic acid negative conversion time was 13.28 days, and the use of hormones had no significant effect on the negative conversion time ( P>0.05). Conclusions:COVID-19 of common type is the commonest. Early respiratory support therapy is recommended for critical cases. Hormone intervention makes no obvious influence on the negative conversion time of nucleic acid. Close contact in a closed environment greatly increases the risk of transmission.

Objective To evaluate the effect of penehyelidine hydrochloride(PHCD)on tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like-2(TIPE2)-Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-myeloid differentiation fac-tor 88(MyD88)signaling pathway in a rat model of traumatic acute lung injury(ALI).Methods Thirty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 190-210 g,were divided into 3 groups(n＝15 each)by a random number table method: sham operation group(group Sham),traumatic ALI group(group ALI)and group PHCD.ALI was induced by blunt chest trauma in ALI and PHCD groups.PHCD 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after blunt chest trauma in group PHCD.The rats were sacrificed and lung tissues were removed at 8 h after the model was successfully established for exami-nation of the pathological changes and ultrastructure of lung tissues(with a light microscope or an electron microscope)and for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio(W/D ratio)and expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in lung tissues.Results Compared with group Sham,the W/D ratio was significantly increased,TIPE2 expression was down-regulated,and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 was up-regulated in ALI and PHCD groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group ALI,the W/D ratio was significantly decreased,TIPE2 expression was up-regulated,and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 was down-regulated(P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of lung tissues and ultrastructure were significantly attenuated in group PHCD.Conclusion The mechanism by which PHCD reduces traumatic AIL is related to activating TIPE2-TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) and caspase-11 during pyroptosis in macrophages of mice. Methods: J774A.1 macrophages of mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table method: non-specific siRNA (Scr-siRNA) group (S group), Scr-siRNA plus LPS/ATP group (S+ LPS/ATP group), TIPE2-siRNA group (T group) and TIPE2-siRNA plus LPS/ATP group (T+ LPS/ATP group). The corresponding siRNA and Lipofectamine2000 transfection reagents were added to each group, and transfection was performed for 24-48 h, and in addition LPS 1.0 μg/ml was then added, cells were incubated for 5 h, then ATP 5.0 mmol/L was added, and cells were incubated for 1 h in S+ LPS/ATP and T+ LPS/ATP groups.Cells were collected to detect the expression of TIPE2, caspase-11, NOD-like receptor familypyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 (by Western blot). The supernatant was collected for determination of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: Compared with group S, the expression of TIPE2 was significantly down-regulated, the expression of caspase-11, NLRP3 and caspase-1 was up-regulated, and the activities of LDH and MPO and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in supernatant were increased in group S+ LPS/ATP (P<0.05). Compared with group T, the expression of TIPE2 was significantly down-regulated, the expression of caspase-11, NLRP3 and caspase-1 was up-regulated, and the activities of LDH and MPO and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in supernatant were increased in group T+ LPS/ATP (P<0.05). Compared with group S+ LPS/ATP, the expression of TIPE2 was significantly down-regulated, the expression of caspase-11, NLRP3 and caspase-1 was up-regulated, and and the activities of LDH and MPO and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in supernatant were increased in group T+ LPS/ATP (P<0.05). Conclusion TIPE2 inhibits pyroptosis in macrophages through down-regulating the expression of caspase-11 in mice.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of penehyelidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like-2 (TIPE2)-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway in a rat model of traumatic acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Thirty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 190-210 g, were divided into 3 groups (n=15 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), traumatic ALI group (group ALI) and group PHCD.ALI was induced by blunt chest trauma in ALI and PHCD groups.PHCD 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after blunt chest trauma in group PHCD.The rats were sacrificed and lung tissues were removed at 8 h after the model was successfully established for examination of the pathological changes and ultrastructure of lung tissues (with a light microscope or an electron microscope) and for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in lung tissues. Results: Compared with group Sham, the W/D ratio was significantly increased, TIPE2 expression was down-regulated, and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 was up-regulated in ALI and PHCD groups (P<0.05). Compared with group ALI, the W/D ratio was significantly decreased, TIPE2 expression was up-regulated, and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 was down-regulated (P<0.05), and the pathological changes of lung tissues and ultrastructure were significantly attenuated in group PHCD. Conclusion The mechanism by which PHCD reduces traumatic AIL is related to activating TIPE2-TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like-2 ( TIPE2) in pyroptosis in macrophage of mice using small interfering RNA ( siRNA) technique. Methods J774A. 1 macrophages of mice were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: non-specific siRNA (Scr-siRNA) group (S group), Scr-siRNA plus LPS∕ATP group (S+LPS∕ATP group ) , TIPE2-siRNA group ( T group ) and TIPE2-siRNA plus LPS∕ATP group ( T+LPS∕ATP group) . The corresponding siRNA and Lipofectamine2000 transfection reagents were added to each group, and transfection was performed for 24-48 h, and in addition LPS 1. 0 μg∕ml was then added, cells were incubated for 5 h, then ATP 5. 0 mmol∕L was added, and cells were incubated for 1 h in S+LPS∕ATP and T+LPS∕ATP groups. Cells were collected to detect the expression of TIPE2, NOD-like receptor familypyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain ( ASC) and Gasdermin D ( GSDMD) ( by Western blot) . The superna-tant was collected for determination of lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH) activity and concentrations of interleu-kin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results Compared with group S, the expression of TIPE2 was significantly down-regulated, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and GSDMD was up-regulated, and the LDH activity and concentrations of IL-1βand IL-18 in supernatant were increased in group S+LPS∕ATP ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group T, the expression of TIPE2 was sig-nificantly down-regulated, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and GSDMD was up-regulated, and the LDH activity and concentrations of IL-1βand IL-18 in supernatant were increased in group T+LPS∕ATP (P<0. 05). Compared with group S+LPS∕ATP, the expression of TIPE2 was significantly down-regulated, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and GSDMD was up-regulated, and the LDH activity and con-centrations of IL-1βand IL-18 in supernatant were increased in group T+LPS∕ATP ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Application of siRNA technique once again confirms that TIPE2 can inhibit pyroptosis in macrophages of mice.

Objective To translate the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-MLUTS) and ICIQ-MLUTS long form (ICIQ-MLUTS LF) into Chinese and assess their metric properties and applicability.Methods After obtaining permission from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ),original ICIQ-MLUTS and ICIQ-MLUTS LF were translated into Chinese according to ICIQ validation protocol and cultural adaptation guideline.During November 2017 to August 2018,Chinese version of ICIQ-MLUTS and ICIQ-MLUTS LF were tested by administering them in 6 and 12 hospitals in China respectively.To validate the translated questionnaires,the following tests were undertaken.The content validity was determined by indepth interviews with participants and experts.The correlation coefficients of ICIQ-MLUTS and ICIQ-MLUTS LF with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were assessed to validate criterion validity.Cronbach's alpha test was used to explore internal consistency.And the test-retest reliability was evaluated by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficient.Results In total,Chinese ICIQ-MLUTS and ICIQ-MLUTS LF were administrated to 135 and 230 male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms respectively.Both questionnaires had good content validity and good criterion validity with IPSS (Pearson correlation 0.846 and 0.833 for ICIQ-MLUTS and ICIQ-MLUTS LF respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.797 for ICIQ-MLUTS,and 0.853 for ICIQ-MLUTS LF.Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.986 and 0.985 respectively (both P ＜ 0.001),showing good test-retest reliability.Conclusions The Chinese version of ICIQ-MLUTS and ICIQ-MLUTS LF had good validity and reliability,which can be used to assess Chinese male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Objective To study the clinical curative effect of transvaginal and laparoscopic operation methods for treating exogenous uterine cesarean scar pregnancy.Methods Sixty patients with exogenous uterine CSP in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2016 were selected and divided into the two groups with 30 cases in each group.The control group adopted laparoscopic lesion resection,while the observation group adopted transvaginal lesion excision of lower uterine segment.Then the operation situation,postoperative VAS score,β-HCG levels and traumatic response indexes were compared between the two groups.Results The hospitalization time had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The hospitalization cost,blood loss volume and anal exhaustion time in the observation group were less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The β-HCG level before and after operation had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The VAS score and traumatic response indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The complication occurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Transvaginal lesion excision of lower uterine segment in the treatment of exogenous uterine CSP has better curative effect and safety.