BACKGROUND:In the process of exploring the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease,the important role of bioinformatics for common target screening has been revealed,enabling the use of its screening results as a basis for exploring the therapeutic effects of drugs on the disease. OBJECTIVE:To predict the targets of liraglutide,a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by bioinformatics and molecular biology. METHODS:DisGeNET database and SEA database were used to obtain the common genes of Alzheimer's disease and liraglutide.GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of common targets was conducted using DAVID online database.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING database.The optimal dosage of liraglutide was determined using cell counting kit-8 assay.Expression of key proteins was analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting techniques.The mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cell line was used for ex vivo experiments,and the cells were randomly divided into three groups:HT22 group,HT22+Aβ group,and HT22+Aβ+Lir group.No special treatment was done in the HT22 group,while Aβ1-42 was used to intervene in the HT22 cell line for 24 hours to construct an Aβ injury cell model in the HT22+Aβ group.In additional to modeling,liraglutide was added to the HT22+Aβ+Lir group for 12 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 3 333 genes associated with Alzheimer's disease were screened from DisGeNET database.Then 147 potential targets of liraglutide were obtained from SEA database.Finally,64 common targets of Alzheimer's disease and Liraglutide were determined using R packets.GO/KEGG analysis of common targets using DAVID online database suggested that common targets were mainly enriched in the following biological processes:neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,renin-angiotensin system,bladder cancer,endopeptidase activity,peptide receptor activity,G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity,and transport vesicles.The obtained 64 common target proteins were imported into SRTING online database for protein-protein interaction network construction,and the top three genes,matrix metalloproteinases 2,9 and interleukin 1β,were obtained.The activity of cultured cells was detected by the cell counting kit-8 kit.Liraglutide at 100 nmol/L was the optimal concentration for antagonizing Aβ1-42.In the western blot and immunofluorescence assays,the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2,9 and interleukin 1β was significantly increased in the HT22+Aβ group compared with the HT22 group(P＜0.05)but significantly decreased in the HT22+Aβ+Lir group compared with the HT22+Aβ group(P＜0.05).To conclude,the above bioinformatics data and secondary validation of differential genes in the GEO database suggest that both matrix metalloproteinases 2,9 and interleukin 1β could be potential targets of liraglutide in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumor in dermatology with incidence rising rapidly. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (2021) was published in September 2021 by Skin Tumor Research Center, Chinese Society of Dermatology and Subcommittee on Skin Tumor, China Dermatologist Association. This consensus comprehensively describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, pathology, pretreatment assessment, treatment, prognosis, and follow-up education. It offers an important guideline for promoting the standardized diagnosis and treatment of skin BCC in China. In this work, multidisciplinary experts interpreted the main contents of the consensus, including clinicopathological findings, pretreatment assessment, and treatment advance.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Totally 441 non-hospitalized MHD patients in stable condition were selected,by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to test appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM), by testing grip strength of MHD patients, to assess Muscle strength, by gait speed test to measure the 4-m usual walking speed, to assess physical performance of MHD patients.Risk factors of sarcopenia were identified by Logistic regression analysis.Results:The total incidence of sarcopenia in 441 MHD patients was 16.55% (73/441) and the incidence of sarcopenia in patients over 60 years old was 28.91% (61/211).The results showed older age ( OR=0.213, 95% CI 0.099-0.458, P<0.01), Karnofsky ( OR=9.661, 95% CI 3.850-24.244, P<0.01), subjective global assessment ( OR=0.491, 95% CI 0.250-0.965, P=0.039), serum phosphorus ( OR=0.422, 95% CI 0.204-0.875, P=0.020) and body mass index ( OR=0.754, 95% CI 0.609-0.935, P=0.010) were risk factors of sacopenia. Conclusions:The incidence of sarcopenia in elder, performed less physical activity, malnutrition predisposed MHD patients was high, so to those patients we should be paid more attention and gave active interventions to reduce sarcopenia.

Objective: To explore the relationships between the characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury in nursing female college students. Methods: Two medical colleges and junior colleges were selected in Anhui province. A total of 2 549 female nursing students in grade 1 to 3 were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic information,childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury. Results: The reported rate of non-suicidal self-injury among female nursing students in the past six months was 8.2%. Sexual abuse at any time during childhood (primary school or earlier,middle school and high school) increased the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among female nursing students (P<0.05). Exposure to sexual abuse in all three periods was associated with 5.04(95%CI=1.73-14.62) times odds ratio than that of those who not exposed to sexual abuse (P<0.01). Only contact sexual abuse and both contact and non-contact sexual abuse in childhood were correlated with nonsuicidal selfinjury among female nursing students [OR(95%CI)=2.21(1.48-3.29), 3.56(2.13-5.96)] (P<0.05). Two patterns of sexual abuse experiences were identified,including persistent sexual abuse (3.1%) and the other group is occasional sexual (96.9%). Persistent sexual abuse in childhood was correlated to higher risk of non-suicidal self-injury compared with occasional sexual abuse (OR=2.61,95%CI=1.35-5.05,P<0.01). Conclusion The occurrence periods,types and patterns of sexual abuse in childhood are closely related to non-suicidal self-injury in female nursing students.

Objective To investigate the cognition and compliance of medical staff in a hospital on fasting and water deprivation scheme recommended by related practice guideline and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide an empirical evidence for further perfecting the system of preoperative preparation and improving the experience of patients to seeking medical advice. Methods A total of 237 medical personnels met the inclusion criteria were investigated with the self-designed cognition and behavior of medical staff on fasting scheme questionnaire by cross-sectional study from August to December 2016. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the cognition and compliance of medical staff on fasting and water deprivation scheme before surgery. Results A total of 233 valid questionnaires recovered with valid recovery rate of 98.3%. There were 20.6% of the medical staff with the same cognition on the best time of fasting and water deprivation before surgery with the guidelines. There were 59.7% of the medical staff who would try to provide preoperative diet guidance according to the scheme recommended by practice guideline. The training, educational background and positional titles were the major influencing factors of cognition of medical staff on fasting and water deprivation scheme (P< 0.05). The training was the major influencing factor of compliance of medical staff on fasting and water deprivation scheme (P< 0.05). Conclusions Medical staff are with inadequate understanding and low compliance on fasting and water deprivation scheme recommended by related practice guideline. Managers should further strengthen the relevant training and create a favourable work environment so as to improve the compliance of medical staff on implementing the guidelines.

Objective To investigate the expression profiles of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues and verify the significantly different expression miRNAs , further to study the effects on proliferation of EC109. Methods The microarray assay was performed to analyze miRNA expression profiles in three pairs of early esophageal squamous cancer and the corresponding normal esophageal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used in another 38 pairs samples to further verify the differentially expressed miRNAs . Three verified miRNAs ( miR-29a, miR-221 and miR-222) mimics were transfected into EC109 respectively and CCK8 method was used to study the effect of cell proliferation in each miRNA. Results Microarray technique selected 53 miRNAs that differentially expressed in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues , 32 miRNAs were up-regulated and 21 miRNAs were down-regulated. qRT-PCR verified that miR-29a was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) and miR-221, miR-222 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in early esophageal squamous cancer tissue. Over-expression of miR-29a could significantly inhibit the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05) whereas over-expression of miR-221 or miR-222 could both significantly promote the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference of miRNAs expression between early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues, and the differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cancer.

Objective To analyze the basic clinical characteristics,auxiliary diagnostic indexes,bacterial infection spectrum and drug resistance of child urinary tract infection to provide the basis for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of child UTI.Methods The clinical data in the inpatients with UTI or complicating UTI in our hospital from January 2012 to March 2014 were collected. The repeated strains were excluded.The differences in the pathogens between the patients with complicated UTI and the patients with non-complicated UTI were comprehensively analyzed.Results The onset peak of child UTI for the first time was 0 -0.5 years old.Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major pathogens of child UTI,in which 110 strains were Escherichia coli,accounting for 52.9%.The enterobacteriaceae pathogens of UTI had higher sensitivity to carbapenems antibacterial drugs,with the resistance rate of less than 10%;the resistance rate of others detected antibacterial drugs was more than 20%.Con-clusion UTI in the children inpatients of this area has higher drug resistance rate,in the treatment of child UTI,the antibacterial drugs should be rationally used by combining the bacterial drug resistance situation in the local place and the disease severity in or-der to avoid the aggravation of bacterial drug resistance.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of deep insertion at Tianshu(ST 25)for colonic slow transit constipation(STC).Methods:120 cases of STC patients were randomly divided,60 cases in a deep insertion group,30 cases in an electroacupuncture group and 30 cases in a medication group by 2:1:1 ratio.The deep insertion group was treated with deep insertion at Tianshu(ST 25).The electroacupuncture group was treated with routine insertion at Tianshu(ST 25).The medication group was treated with oral administration of Lactulose oral liquid.The first voluntary defecation time,and constipation scores before the treatment,four weeks after the treatment and relevant scores of clinical symptoms were assessed in the three groups of the patients.Results:The scores of the clinical symptoms in improvement of constipation were better in the deep insertion group than in the electroacupuncture group and medication group,with differences in statistical significance(P<0.01).The unsuccessful numbers in the improvement of defecation and abdominal pain were also better in the deep insertion group than in the other two groups,and better in instant effect in the deep insertion.Conclusion:The improvement of STC clinical symptoms was better by deep insertion at Tianshu(ST 25)than by medication and routine acupuncture method at Tianshu(ST 25).

Objective To explore the expression level of Tim-3,the marker of activated T_H 1 cells.in T lymphocytes in different sites from recipients with acute rejection.Methods The model of cervical heterotopic heart transplantation was established in mice Two groups were get up:the isograft group(C57BL/6→C57BL/6) and the allograft group (Balb/c→C57BL/6).Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood,spleens,draining lymph nodes and grafts 3 or 6 days after transplantation.The expression of TIM-3 in CD4~+ and CD8~+ T subsets was detected by flow cytometry.Results There was no significant difference in Tim-3~+/CD4~+ and Tim-3~+/CD8~+ ratio in peripheral blood or spleens between two groups.As compared with the isograft group,the proportion of Tirn-3~+/CD4~+ cells was slightly elevated in draining lymph node(P<0.05),but the percentage of Tim-3~+/CD4~+ cells had no significant change between 3 days and 6 days in the allograft group(P>0.05).The expression of Tim-3 in CD4~+ and CD8~+ of graft infiltrating T cells was obviously increased in allograft group(P<0.01),and it was significantly (P<0.01) up-regulated on the 6th day as compared with that on the 3rd day.Conclusion The dynamic changes of Tim-3 expression in T lymphocytes in draining lymph node and graft were correlated with the progresston oi acute rejection in mice.

To identify acute renal allograft rejection biomarkers in human serum, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used. Serum samples from renal allograft patients and normal volunteers were divided into three groups: acute rejection (AR), stable renal function (SRF) and normal volunteer (N). Serum samples were firstly processed using Multiple Affinity Removal Column to selectively remove the highest abundance proteins. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using 2-D DIGE. These differential protein spots were excised, digested by trypsin, and identified by RP-HPLC-ESI/MS. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were identified in serum from AR group. These proteins included complement C9 precursor, apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, vitamin D-binding protein precursor, beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor, etc. Vitamin D-binding protein, one of these proteins, was confirmed by ELISA in the independent set of serum samples. In conclusion, the differentially expressed proteins as serum biomarker candidates may provide the basis of acute rejection noninvasive diagnosis. Confirmed vitamin D-binding protein may be one of serum biomarkers of acute rejection. Furthermore, it may provide great insights into understanding the mechanisms and potential treatment strategy of acute rejection.