Objective    To analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with primary tracheal malignancy, and establish a nomogram model for prediction its prognosis. Methods    A total of 557 patients diagnosed with primary tracheal malignancy from 1975 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data were collected. The factors affecting the overall survival rate of primary tracheal malignancy were screened and modeled by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The nomogram prediction model was performed by R 3.6.2 software. Using the C-index, calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the consistency and predictive ability of the nomogram prediction model. Results    The median survival time of 557 patients with primary tracheal malignancy was 21 months, and overall survival rates of the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year were 59.1%±2.1%, 42.5%±2.1%, and 35.4%±2.2%. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, histology, surgery, radiotherapy, tumor size, tumor extension and the range of lymph node involvement were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with primary tracheal malignancy (P<0.05). Based on the above 7 risk factors to establish the nomogram prediction model, the C-index was 0.775 (95%CI 0.751-0.799). The calibration curve showed that the prediction model established in this study had a good agreement with the actual survival rate of the 1 year, 3 year and 5 years. The area under curve of 1-year, 3-year and 5-year predicting overall survival rates was 0.837, 0.827 and 0.836, which showed that the model had a high predictive power. Conclusion    The nomogram prediction model established in this study has a good predictive ability, high discrimination and accuracy, and high clinical value. It is useful for the screening of high-risk groups and the formulation of personalized diagnosis and treatment plans, and can be used as an evaluation tool for prognostic monitoring of patients with primary tracheal malignancy.

Objective:To understand the oral health status of urban and rural residents in China,the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey (FNOHES) was conducted in 2015.Materials and methods:Based on the principles of multi-stage,stratified,equal capacity,and random sampling,the subjects included five groups of residents aged 3-5,12-15,35-44,55-64,and 65-74 years in all 31 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions except Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan.The total sample size was 172,425.The survey covered two areas,namely oral health status and knowledge,attitude and oral health behavior.Results:Residents in China had serious caries and poor periodontal condition.The prevalence of caries was above 50％ in all age groups,subjects without periodontal disease accounted for ＜50％,and fewer than 50％ of subjects brushed their teeth twice a day.Based on the results of the FNOHES,the following suggestions were proposed for improving the oral health in China in the future:to establish and improve the comprehensive prevention and control system for oral diseases,implement a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for priority groups,strengthen the oral health education for all people to improve oral health literacy,enhance dynamic monitoring to scientifically evaluate oral health status,and coordinate multi-party resources to establish and improve the oral health service security system.Conclusion:The oral health status of Chinese residents and their oral health behavior habits need to be improved.With the support of the administrative departments of the government and unremitting efforts of the oral health staff,all sectors of society must be coordinated to strengthen oral health education for the whole population.Furthermore,comprehensive prevention and control measures must be implemented for priority groups.

Ablation Techniques ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Radio Waves ; therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; adverse effects ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been successfully used to treat a variety of brain diseases in clinic. Recent investigations have suggested that high frequency stimulation (HFS) of electrical pulses used by DBS might change pathological rhythms in action potential firing of neurons, which may be one of the important mechanisms of DBS therapy. However, experimental data are required to confirm the hypothesis. In the present study, 1 min of 100 Hz HFS was applied to the Schaffer collaterals of hippocampal CA1 region in anaesthetized rats. The changes of the rhythmic firing of action potentials from pyramidal cells and interneurons were investigated in the downstream CA1 region. The results showed that obvious θ rhythms were present in the field potential of CA1 region of the anesthetized rats. The θ rhythms were especially pronounced in the stratum radiatum. In addition, there was a phase-locking relationship between neuronal spikes and the θ rhythms. However, HFS trains significantly decreased the phase-locking values between the spikes of pyramidal cells and the θ rhythms in stratum radiatum from 0.36 ± 0.12 to 0.06 ± 0.04 ( < 0.001, paired -test, = 8). The phase-locking values of interneuron spikes were also decreased significantly from 0.27 ± 0.08 to 0.09 ± 0.05 ( < 0.01, paired -test, = 8). Similar changes were obtained in the phase-locking values between neuronal spikes and the θ rhythms in the pyramidal layer. These results suggested that axonal HFS could eliminate the phase-locking relationship between action potentials of neurons and θ rhythms thereby changing the rhythmic firing of downstream neurons. HFS induced conduction block in the axons might be one of the underlying mechanisms. The finding is important for further understanding the mechanisms of DBS.

Objective To evaluate the clinical valence and resource consumption between precise stereotactic hematoma evacuation and expectant treatment in treating small hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 68 patients with small hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhage volume less than 30 mL), admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to August 2015, were divided into precise stereotactic hematoma evacuation group (n=32) and expectant treatment group (n=36) by clinical research methods of prospective randomized controlled and blind assessment. Preliminary treatment effects were evaluated by CT scan, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS); hospital day and hospitalization costs were used for evaluating the consumption of social resources. Results Evacuation rate of hematoma was 88.38%±2.15%, hospital day was (7.2 ± 2.8) days, average hospitalization fee was (22257.6 ±2512.3) yuans, GCS scores were 14.5 ±0.5, mRS scores were 2.21 ±0.46 at 6 weeks after treatment in precise stereotactic hematoma evacuation group;evacuation rate of hematoma was 26.17%±1.99%%, hospital day was (18.6+3.2) days, average hospitalization fee was (25226.3 ±2212.8) yuans, GCS scores were 12.0 ±0.75, mRS scores were 3.18 ± 0.41 at 6 weeks after treatment in precise stereotactic hematoma evacuation group; the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion For small hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, precise stereotactic hematoma evacuation is prior to expectant treatment and can shorten rehabilitation period and improve the overall prognosis.

Background and objectiveRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become one of the local treatment for inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). hTis study observes effectiveness and safety of computed tomog-raphy (CT) guided RFA followed intratumoral chemotherapy (RFA-ITC).MethodsFrom 2005 to 2015, our group perspec-tively enrolled inoperable early stage NSCLC underwent RFA-ITC duo to poor cardiopulmonary function or with other dis-eases or patient can't tolerate or reject surgery. RFA was performed by a directive apparatus assisted CT guided semi real-time and step-by-step puncture method, conformal umbrella-shaped electrode and single or multiple targets ablation. While the plan ifnished and CT showed normal lung tissue around the tumor present ground-glass opacity (GGO), the procedure ended, then 200 mg of carboplatinum were injected into the tumor via the electrode needle. Safety and effectiveness were evaluated byfollow-up.Results Technical success rates of 125 RFA-ITC treatments of 110 patients were 100%. hTe median survival was 48.0 months, overall survival (OS) was 55.4 months, progression-free survival was 55.1 months, 1, 2, 3, 5-year OS rates were 100%, 90.7%, 62.7%, 21.9%, respectively. Survival of GGO presence or not was 68.3 months and 40.1 months, respectively (P=0.001). hTe survival rates of the N1 staging and tumor size was no signiifcant difference. No perioperative deaths occurred, the main complicationsi.e. pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, fever, intraoperative chest pain, subcuta-neous emphysema, intraoperative cough were slight and tolerable.ConclusionCT guided RFA-ITC provides a good method for treatment of inoperable early stage NSCLC with better survival, less complication and small damage.

Objective To explore the method of how to design and apply informationalized system to intraoperative conversation, so as to improve efficiency and quality of operation. Methods We focused on the inconvenience communication links existed in the whole operation process between medical staffs and patients′family members as well as pathological specimens displaying. We designed informationalized intraoperative conversation system, and optimized the conversation program. Results The informationalized intraoperative conversation system actualized remote video intercom with relatives and video transmission, which standardized work processes. Compared with traditional methods, the communication time between the medical staffs and patient′s family members was shortened from (13. 81 ± 3. 92) min to (5. 04 ± 2. 14) min, meanwhile the satisfaction of patients′family members improved from (84.00 ±2.66) % to (96.00 ±1.53) % (t=8.725, 19.73;P<0.05). Conclusions The application of intraoperative conversation system can improve work efficiency, reduce the risks of nosocomial infection; close the relationship between medical staffs and patients and protect the patients privacy;it also can play a positive role in protecting the medical staff′s safety.

OBJECTIVETo investigate both genetic and environmental influences on the exercise participation and sedentary behavior in Qingdao, Shandong province and 326 in Lishui, Zhejiang province.

METHODS568 twin pairs, including 242 in Qingdao and 326 in Lishui, were studied. Exercise participation was measured by two questions on the frequency and intensity and then divided into two groups. Sedentary behavior was measured by one question as 'how long do you spend on sitting every day'. Variance component models based on twins was used to estimate the genetic and environmental factors on these traits.

RESULTSThe average age in monozygotic twins was (41.14 ± 10.11)while in dizygotic twins it was (41.23 ± 9.89). Genetic factors accounted 78% (35%-96%) and 59% (0-94%) for exercise participation variance in Qingdao and Lishui in people aged between 20 and 40. However, there were no heritability noticed on physical activity in people older than 40 years of age. Rates of heritability on sedentary behavior in Qingdao and Lishui were 68% (59%-75%) and 32% (7%-62%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONResults from the study suggested that sedentary behavior in Chinese people was influenced by genetic factors, which could also explain much of the exercise participation variance in people aged between 20 and 40.

Adult ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Twins ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate both genetic and environmental influences on the exercise participation and sedentary behavior in Qingdao,Shandong province and 326 in Lishui, Zhejiang province. Methods 568 twin pairs,including 242 in Qingdao and 326 in Lishui,were studied. Exercise participation was measured by two questions on the frequency and intensity and then divided into two groups. Sedentary behavior was measured by one question as‘how long do you spend on sitting every day’. Variance component models based on twins was used to estimate the genetic and environmental factors on these traits. Results The average age in monozygotic twins was(41.14 ± 10.11)while in dizygotic twins it was(41.23 ± 9.89). Genetic factors accounted 78%(35%-96%)and 59%(0-94%)for exercise participation variance in Qingdao and Lishui in people aged between 20 and 40. However,there were no heritability noticed on physical activity in people older than 40 years of age. Rates of heritability on sedentary behavior in Qingdao and Lishui were 68%(59%-75%)and 32%(7%-62%),respectively. Conclusion Results from the study suggested that sedentary behavior in Chinese people was influenced by genetic factors,which could also explain much of the exercise participation variance in people aged between 20 and 40.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of tension-free inguinal hernia repair whether use of antibiotics prophylaxis.Methods A total of 204 cases of adult inguinal hernia were selected and they were divided into treatment group(51 cases)and control group(153 cases)under a hospital order by 1 ∶ 3 randomly.The patients in treatment group were treated by first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics once preoperatively,while the patients in control group received no antibiotics treatment.The incidence of early postoperative infection between two groups was compared.Results Among of 204 cases,5 cases developed surgical site infection,1 case from treatment group,infection rate was 2.0％ (1/51),while 4 cases from control group,infection rate was 2.6％(4/153).There was no significant difference in the infection rate between two groups(x2 =0.000,P =1.000).No significant difference was found in the results of complete white blood cell count,neutrophilic granulocyte ratio,hospital stays and hospital expenses between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is no real need to apply regular antibiotics prophylaxis treatment for adult tension-free inguinal hernia repair without high risk factors.