Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including technological advancements, academic exchange platforms, policy support, future challenges, and potential solutions. Technologically, remarkable progress have been made in various areas of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including diabetic retinopathy, fundus image analysis, and crucial aspects such as quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products, clinical research methods, technological evaluation, and industrial standards. Researchers are constantly improving the safety and standardization of intelligent ophthalmology technology by formulating clinical application guidelines and standards. Academic exchange platforms have been established to provide extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals across diverse fields, and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for intelligent ophthalmology research. Regarding public policy, the Chinese government has not only established a supportive policy environment for the advancement of intelligent ophthalmology through various documents and regulations, but provided a legal basis and management framework. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as technological innovation, data privacy and security, outdated regulations, and talent shortages. To tackle these issues, there is a requirement for increased technological research and development, the establishment of regulatory frameworks, talent cultivation, and greater awareness and acceptance of new technologies among patients. By comprehensively addressing these challenges, intelligent ophthalmology in China is expected to continue leading the industry's global development, bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of endoscopy in obtaining the great saphenous vein （GSV） during coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） and explore the learning curve， with a particular focus on common challenges encountered during the learning process and their impact on early clinical outcomes. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 83 patients who underwent off-pump CABG with endoscopic GSV harvesting at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2013 to April 2014. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the chronological order of their hospitalization： Group A （novice group， n=20）， Group B （proficient group， n=20）， Group C （progressive group， n=20）， and Group D （mature group， n=23）. Differences in perioperative and midterm follow-up outcomes among the groups were analyzed to determine the learning curve period. ResultsThe study population had a mean age of （60.22±8.06） years and a mean body weight of （69.77±11.66） kg. Comorbidities included hypertension （24 cases）， diabetes （26 cases）， and subacute cerebral infarction （14 cases）. The novice group exhibited significantly shorter GSV length-to-harvest time ratio relative to the other three groups （P<0.001） and a significantly higher incidence of main vein damage （P=0.006）. However， there was no statistically significant difference in graft patency at the 1-year follow-up. ConclusionThorough and reliable technical training in endoscopic GSV harvesting is essential to minimize vascular injury caused by novice operators. Approximately 20 cases of hands-on experience and a careful self-analysis of procedural challenges are likely required to achieve proficiency in GSV harvesting.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical phenotypes,hereditary features and treatment and follow-up strategies of different hereditary pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas(PCC/PGL)and related syndromes.Methods Forty-four clinically diagnosed PCC/PGL patients admitted in our hospital from January 2000 to August 2022 were enrolled,and the clinical data of them and their family members were collected.Second-generation sequencing was performed on 43 patients for genetic detection,and Sanger sequencing was applied to verify the mutation of the probands and family members.Results There were 15 patients diagnosed with hereditary PCC/PGL,including 7 cases of von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)syndrome,3 cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2),and 5 cases of familial paraganglioma syndrome.Seven VHL syndrome families were diagnosed as VHL2A(c.500G＞A),VHL2B(c.239G＞T and c.444_457del),and VHL2C(c.293A＞G)according to their clinical manifestations.All probands received surgical treatment,and 2 cases of recurrent PCC and the patients with multiple renal cancer also received targeted therapy with sunitinib.Three MEN2 families carried c.1901G＞C,c.1832G＞A,and c.1901G＞A missense mutations,respectively,and were diagnosed with MEN2A clinically.All of them underwent adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy,including one for preventive thyroidectomy.Among the 5 familial paraganglioma syndrome families,4 patients carried SDHB mutations(SDHB:c.343C＞T,c.541-2A＞G,c.575G＞A,c.268C＞T)and 1 patient carried an SDHD mutation(SDHD:c.337_340del).Sporadic retroperitoneal PGL were most common.Conclusion More than 1/3 of PCC/PGL patients carry germline gene mutations,showing obvious genotype-phenotype correlation.Genetic diagnosis technology plays an important guidance role for clinical precision treatment and follow-up,and genetic counseling.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of anti-mesangial cell-proliferation-peptide 2(AMPP2)on mesangial cell proliferation induced by transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1).Methods Mesangial cells were cultured in vitro and treated with TGF-β1(10 μg/L)and AMPP2(10 ng/L).According to different intervention factors,mesangial cells were divided into four groups:the control group,the AMPP2 group,the TGF-β1 group and the TGF-β1+AMPP2 group.The proliferation activity of mesangial cells was detected by CCK-8.The relative protein expression of cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK-4),cyclin dependent kinase 6(CDK-6),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen-Ⅰ(COL-Ⅰ)and fibronectin(FN)were examined by Western blot assay.The relative mRNA expression of α-SMA,COL-Ⅰ and FN were detected by qPCR.Results Compared with the control group,proliferation activity of mesangial cells was significantly increased in the TGF-β1 group(P＜0.05).The proliferation activity of mesangial cells was markedly decreased in the TGF-β1+AMPP2 group compared with that of the TGF-β1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,protein levels of CDK-4,CDK-6,PCNA,α-SMA,COL-Ⅰand FN in cells were significantly increased in the TGF-β1 group(P＜0.05),as well as the mRNA levels of α-SMA,COL-Ⅰand FN(P＜0.05).In the TGF-β1+AMPP2 group,the protein and mRNA levels of α-SMA,COL-Ⅰand FN and the protein levels of CDK-4,CDK-6 and PCNA were markedly decreased compared with those of the TGF-β1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,levels of p-SMAD3/SMAD3 was remarkably upregulated in the TGF-β1 group(P＜0.05),while levels of p-SMAD3/SMAD3 was remarkably downregulated in the TGF-β1+AMPP2 group compared with those of the TGF-β1 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion AMPP2 may inhibit mesangial cell proliferation by regulating TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway.

OBJECTIVE To calculate the cost of centralized dispensing of four categories of drugs （ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions） in pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS）， and provide reference for setting charging standards for relevant departments. METHODS The operating costs of PIVAS in 12 medical institutions from Shaanxi province were collected through questionnaire survey， including labor costs， medical and health material costs， fixed asset depreciation and repair costs， water and electricity costs， and management costs. The operation time allocation coefficient method and workload allocation coefficient method were comprehensively used to allocate the above costs， and the unit preparation costs of four categories of drugs were calculated. RESULTS The average annual total costs of dispensing ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions in Shaanxi province were （2 195 900.25±1 680 893.73） yuan， （746 341.59±725 839.39） yuan， （331 420.15±183 258.83） yuan， and （330 322.68±277 281.70） yuan， respectively， with labor costs accounting for the highest proportion， averaging 85.49%. The costs of dispensing a set of ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， and hazardous drugs were 5.89， 7.60， and 14.37 yuan， respectively； the cost of dispensing one bag of parenteral nutrition solution was 32.15 yuan （excluding the cost of disposable intravenous nutrition bags）. CONCLUSIONS The cost calculation method and data of different types of intravenous drugs obtained in this study can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate and adjust PIVAS fee standards.

OBJECTIVE To calculate the cost of centralized dispensing of four categories of drugs （ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions） in pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS）， and provide reference for setting charging standards for relevant departments. METHODS The operating costs of PIVAS in 12 medical institutions from Shaanxi province were collected through questionnaire survey， including labor costs， medical and health material costs， fixed asset depreciation and repair costs， water and electricity costs， and management costs. The operation time allocation coefficient method and workload allocation coefficient method were comprehensively used to allocate the above costs， and the unit preparation costs of four categories of drugs were calculated. RESULTS The average annual total costs of dispensing ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions in Shaanxi province were （2 195 900.25±1 680 893.73） yuan， （746 341.59±725 839.39） yuan， （331 420.15±183 258.83） yuan， and （330 322.68±277 281.70） yuan， respectively， with labor costs accounting for the highest proportion， averaging 85.49%. The costs of dispensing a set of ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， and hazardous drugs were 5.89， 7.60， and 14.37 yuan， respectively； the cost of dispensing one bag of parenteral nutrition solution was 32.15 yuan （excluding the cost of disposable intravenous nutrition bags）. CONCLUSIONS The cost calculation method and data of different types of intravenous drugs obtained in this study can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate and adjust PIVAS fee standards.

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of patient perception for humanistic care in China hospitals,and to provide a basis for developing nursing humanistic care measures and improving the quality of nursing humanistic care services.Methods A total of 30,099 outpatients and inpatients from 107 hospitals in 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from July to August 2022 as survey subjects.A general information questionnaire and the Relational Caring Questionnaire-Patient Form were used for a cross-sectional survey,and a single-factor analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of patient relationship care.Results Finally,29 108 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 96.7％.The patient evaluation of relationship care was(65.72±8.61)points.Single-factor analysis showed that gender,age,marital status,children's situation,education level,occupation,place of residence,average family income,medical insurance type,visiting department,and location of the visiting hospital,and whether or not surgery were influencing factors of patient relationship care(P＜0.05).Conclusion The evaluation score of caregiver-patient relationship care among Chinese hospital patients is above average,but there is still room for improvement in western and rural regions,seriously ill and outpatient patients,low-income and low-medical insurance reimbursement populations,and non-surgical patients.Medical institutions at all levels should optimize and improve nursing humanistic care services based on influencing factors,and further enhance patients'perception of nursing humanistic care.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of blonanserin and olanzapine in the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia, so as to provide the basis for the medication choice for the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 98 patients with first-episode schizophrenia admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City were selected and randomly divided into the olanzapine group and the blonanserin group for a treatment period of two months. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to investigate the improvement of symptoms, sleep quality and cognitive function before and after treatment, respectively, and the level of prolactin was detected. The generalized estimation equation was used to compare the differences between the two groups. The adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded and the safety of medication was evaluated. Results: Forty-nine patients each group were included, with 29 males and a mean age of (37.22±7.17) years in the olanzapine group, and 27 males and a mean age of (37.54±7.31) years in the blonanserin group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, disease course and educational duration between the two groups (all P>0.05). The scores of positive symptom, negative symptom, general psychopathology and overall PANSS in the two groups after treatment were decreased compared with those before (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups, and no interaction between the drugs and treatment duration (all P>0.05). The MCCB score of the blonanserin group was higher than that of the olanzapine group, while the PSQI score and the prolactin level of the blonanserin group were lower than that of the olanzapine group, and there was an interaction between the drugs and treatment duration (all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the blonanserin group was 6.12%, which was lower than that in the olanzapine group of 20.41% (P<0.05). Conclusion Either blonanserin or olanzapine can improve psychotic symptoms inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia, while blonanserin is more effective than olanzapine in improving sleep quality, cognitive function and reducing prolactin level, and has higher safety.