AIM To investigate the effects of Compound Dihuang Granules on biological function of dopaminergic neurons in rats with Parkinson's disease(PD)of Pattern of Yin-Deficiency with Stirring Wind.METHODS The PD animal model of Pattern of Yin-Deficiency with Stirring Wind established by intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)were randomly divided into the model group,the Midoba group(150 mg/kg)and the low,medium and high dose Compound Dihuang Granules groups(1.75,3.5 and 7 g/kg)for corresponding drug intervention,in contrast to the normal group,the sham operation group and the model group underwent 28-day normal saline administration.The rats had their general condition and neuroethology observed;their pathological changes of substantia nigra observed by HE staining;their mitochondrial structure of dopaminergic neurons in the damaged substantia nigra observed by transmission electron microscopy;and their expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the normal group and sham operation group,the model group displayed increased rotational behavirors(P＜0.01),decreased swimming time score(P＜0.01),decreased hanging time(P＜0.01),decreased number of neurons in substantia nigra but more neurons with morphological damage,mitochondrial swelling and degeneration,mitochondrial crista disappearance,and decreased expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDA C1 mRNA and protein in the injured side(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the Midoba group and the Compound Dihuang Granules groups demonstrated less rotational behavirors(P＜0.01),higher swimming time score(P＜0.01),longer hanging time(P＜0.01),less damage to mitochondrial morphology and structure,and higher expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDA C1 mRNA and protein in the injured substantia nigra(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The high-dose Compound Dihuang Granules presented equivalent efficacy to that of Midoba.CONCLUSION Compound Dihuang Granules may promote endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria homeostasis,reduce mitochondrial damage and maintain the biological function of dopaminergic neurons by regulating the expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1.

Da Chaihu decoction is a classic prescription for the treatment of cholecystitis that is widely used in clinical practice, and has a definite curative effect. However, due to its diverse components and complex functions, the traditional indexes fail to capture its overall efficacy. Therefore, this study analyzed and predicted the quality markers (Q-markers) of Da Chaihu decoction based on specific chromatogram and network pharmacology to provide a reference for the comprehensive control of the quality. The study obtained 35 potential practical components of Da Chaihu decoction through virtual screening. The specific chromatogram of 15 batches of Da Chaihu decoction was established by HPLC-DAD with neohesperidin as a reference. Compared with the chromatographic peaks and the reference substance, the chemical components were assigned to predict the nine components of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, baicalin, wogonoside, saikosaponin b₂, saikosaponin b₁ as Q-markers of Da Chaihu decoction. Finally, the network of the "components-key targets-signal pathways-biological processes" was constructed by network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Da Chaihu decoction in treating cholecystitis to clarify the accuracy of Q-markers. The results indicated that potential Q-markers could act on multiple targets to regulate inflammatory and metabolism, and then combine to treat cholecystitis. Q-markers could combine with the pharmacologic action of Da Chaihu decoction, which could elucidate the overall efficacy of Da Chaihu decoction. This study explored the Q-markers of Da Chaihu decoction combined with the specific chromatogram and network pharmacology, which provided a basis for the quality control and evaluation of Da Chaihu decoction.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the assessment of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and the scientific formulation of the schistosomiasis surveillance strategy. Methods From 2015 to 2019, a total of 19 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, including 4 fixed sites and 15 mobile sites. Snail survey was performed by means of systematic sampling in combination with environmental sampling, and the infection of Schistosoma japonicum was detected by the crushing method combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results From 2015 to 2019, snail habitats were detected at areas of 17 040 to 39 527 m², including 6 214 m² emerging snail habitats and 16 563 m² re-emerging snail habitats. The overall mean density of living snails was 0.019 2 snails/0.1 m² and the occurrence of frames with snails was 1.11% in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites; however, no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails. The area of snail habitats increased by 121.46% in the national surveillance sites in 2019 as compared to that in 2015; however, 50.34% (Z = −0.422, P > 0.05) and 42.85% (χ² = 130.41, P < 0.01) reductions were seen in the overall means density of living snails and the occurrence of frames with snails. All snail habitats were distributed in the 4 fixed surveillance sites, and were mainly found in ditches, paddy fields and dry lands, with weeds as the primary vegetation type. Conclusions There are still risk factors leading to re-emergent transmission of schistosomiasis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, such as local snail spread, and the monitoring of schistosomiasis remains to be reinforced to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination in the region.

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, among which glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant subtype. Because of its high heterogeneity and invasiveness, GBM can't be completely removed by surgical resection and is also resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Even after a standard therapy, the median survival time is only 14.6 months, the five-year survival rate is less than 10%, and the relapse of GBM is common. Immunotherapy, a new treatment paradigm, treats cancer through regulating the autologous immune system and the tumor microenvironment. As a promising method to improve the prognosis of GBM, immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention. This paper gives a review to the difficulty, the mainly existing strategies and the bottlenecks in GBM immunotherapy, aiming at providing new direction to improve the prognosis of GBM patients.

Objective To understand the situation of college students' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of innovation and entrepreneurship activities and analyze their influencing factors, in order to provide a scientific basis for further promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey using cluster sampling method was conducted among 850 undergraduates in a medical university in May, 2018. The demographic characteristics and questions pertaining to the KAP of innovation and entrepreneurship activities were collected, The weighted scores of KAP were calculated using the Delphi method. Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 850 questionnaires were sent out and 800 valid questionnaires were collected. The average scores and pass rates for the knowledge, attitude and practice of the 800 college students were (0.54 ±0.14), 38.1％; (0.56 ±0.23), 51.5％; and (0.37 ±0.19), 12.6％, respectively. Knowledge: the pass rate for the concepts related to innovation and entrepreneurship was 70.5％, and the pass rate for the policies related to innovation and entrepreneurship was 17.2％. The pass rate of senior students and excellent students were higher than those of junior students and students of lower academic competence (P=0.000, P=0.004). Attitudes: the pass rate for attitude towards the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship and personal development was 63.6％, the pass rate for attitudes towards participation in innovation and entrepreneurship was 49.8％, and the pass rate for attitudes towards the school continuing to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship related activities was 23.8％. Practice:the pass rates for participation in scientific research and academic activities and social practice , voluntary cultivation of innovation ability and self-employment were 8.5％, 62.9％, 11.9％and 27.3％, respectively. The pass rate of senior grades was higher than that of junior grades (P=0.001). Scores for knowledge and those of attitude are positively correlated. Scores for practice and those of knowledge and attitude are positively correlated. Conclusion The higher pass rates for medical college students' attitude toward innovation and entrepreneurship activities as compared to those for knowledge and practice indicates high eagerness toward participation in innovation and entrepreneurship activities; a high rate knowledge is conducive to the cultivation of attitudes and the improvement of participation in activities . Therefore , it is necessary to strengthen the efforts in carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship activities , improve publicity and education, and promote the awareness-raising of innovation and entrepreneurship.

[Objective]To explore the evaluation value of ultrasomics based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)imaging in the therapy response of microRNA-122(miR-122)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).[Method]Mice bearing subcutaneous HCC xenografts were injected intratumorally with microRNA-122 mimics(miR-122 mimics) and negative control mimics(NC mimics)in treatment group(n=6)and control group(n=6),respectively. The injec-tions were performed every 3 days for five times.Before each injection,two-dimension ultrasound(2D-US)imaging was performed.At 24 h after the last injection,2D-US and CEUS images of tumors were acquired,and then mice scarified for tumor miR-122 expression analysis by qRT-PCR.To evaluate the therapy response by RECIST,tumor volumes were mea-sured based on each 2D-US image. To analyze the tumor perfusion by mRECIST,perfusion parameters(maximum of intensity,rise time,time to peak,mean transit time,quality of fit)were analyzed off-line based on dynamic CEUS videos using SonoLiver?software. For ultrasomics,CEUS images at 10,30,60,90 second were used for features extraction, respectively. The corresponding ultrasomics formulas were built to evaluate the therapy response for miR-122.[Result]The tumors treated with miR-122 mimics resulted in a(763±60)folds increase in miR-122 levels compared to the tumors in control group(P<0.05).Effectively therapeutic response evaluated by tumor sizes change was detected after the third injection(P<0.05).For assessment using mRECIST,all the parameters of treatment group did not show significant difference from the ones of control group(P>0.05).Analysis using ultrasomics fail to detect different features of the static images of CEUS at 10 s,and models can be successfully built based on the rest of the three phases of CEUS images.The ultrasomics Scores between control group and treatment group were statistically different(P<0.05).The ultrasomics score at 30s were significantly lower than those at 60 s and 90 s,while there was no statistical difference between scores at 60 s and 90 s.[Conclusion]Ultrasomics analysis based on CEUS imaging is a useful method in evaluating the therapy response of miR-122 in HCC,and showed greater value than dynamic perfusion parameter.

Objective To establish the contact deformation model of biological tissues contacting with endoscopic instruments, and to make mechanical analysis on contact stress and strain. Methods Based on Kelvin-Voigt model and Hertz contact theory, the contact deformation model of instruments (with both wedge-shaped teeth and cylinder-shaped teeth) contacting with biological tissues was established, and the variation of contact stress and strain changing with time in different endoscopic instruments were obtained through finite element analysis method and bio-impedance measurement. Results Endoscopic instruments with different structures of the teeth could cause different strain and stress on tissues during laparoscopic grasping. The stress of the instrument with wedge-shaped teeth on tissues was largest, while that with cylinder-shaped teeth was smallest, and that of instrument with hybrid structure of wedge-shaped and cylinder-shaped teeth was in between. Conclusions The hybrid structure of wedge-shaped and cylinder-shaped teeth can effectively reduce the peak pressure during laparoscopic grasping, thus prevent less tissue damage caused by wedge-shaped teeth, and enhance the grasping ability with cylinder-shaped teeth. This study provides an important reference for the safety use and better design of laparoscopic instruments in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between blood flow assessed by CT perfusion imaging and characteristics of microvascular ultrastructure in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODStwenty-eight patients with non-small cell lung cancer proven surgically and pathologically underwent perfusion CT examination. The patients were divided into a hyper-perfusion group and a hypo-perfusion group by the median value of blood flow, and then the differences of microvascular ultrastructure in the two groups were analyzed.

RESULTSThe median BF value of the 28 patients was 36.40 ml×100 g(-1)×min(-1). Take this median value as the boundary, the group with hypo-perfusion showed a significantly lower BF value than the group with hyper-perfusion [(30.84 ± 4.79) ml×100 g(-1)×min(-1) vs. (49.67 ± 10.89) ml×100 g(-1)×min(-1), t = -5.925, P < 0.001]. The group with lymph node metastasis showed a significantly lower BF value than the group without lymph node metastasis [(30.78 ± 5.24) ml×100 g(-1)×min(-1) vs. (50.73 ± 11.16) ml×100 g(-1)×min(-1), t = 3.490, P = 0.015]. The maturity of microvessels of the hyper-perfusion group was higher than that of the hypo-perfusion group. Under the electron microscope, the microvessels in the hypo-perfusion group showed a more narrow lumen, poorer integrity of basement membrane, a more close relationship between cancer cells and microvascular wall, and cancer cells were more easily seen in the microvascular lumen.

CONCLUSIONThe blood flow value of CT perfusion imaging may be related with the abnormal microvascular ultrastructure, and may be helpful to the prediction of metastasis risk in NSCLC.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Microvessels ; diagnostic imaging ; ultrastructure ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Perfusion Imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDCurrently, there are no uniform standards and methods for perioperative glycemic control in bone fracture patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of two intensive insulin therapy regimens administered to bone fracture patients with T2DM in the perioperative period, to explore the best method of achieving perioperative glycemic control.

METHODSA number of 159 bone fracture patients with T2DM were divided into two groups. One group (n = 81) received multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (MSII group) and the other (n = 78) received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII group). Blood glucose (BG) levels, time to achieve glycemic target, insulin dosage, and the incidence of hypoglycemia and complications were compared between groups.

RESULTSBoth regimens reduced BG to desired levels before surgery. The time to reach glycemic target in CSII group (2.5 days) was significantly shorter than that in the MSII group (7.3 days; P < 0.001). Mean insulin dosage in the CSII group (0.66 IU×kg(-1)×d(-1)) was significantly lower than that in the MSII group (0.74 IU×kg(-1)×d(-1); P = 0.005), as were the incidences of hypoglycemia (15.4% vs 32.1%) and infection (6.4% vs. 23.5%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the time to reach glycemia target was associated with the insulin therapy regimen and dosage. The insulin dosage on reaching glycemia target was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus course, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and β-hydroxybutyric acid, and was negatively associated with age.

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy and safety of CSII was superior to that achieved with MSII, suggesting that CSII should be considered as initial therapy to control perioperative BG in bone fracture patients with T2DM.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; blood ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of two gastric cancer screening schemes for early detection of gastric cancer in a high-risk population.

METHODSA cluster random sampling method was used to select local residents aged 40-69 years from Linqu County, Shandong Province. "Serum pepsinogen initial screening combined with further endoscopic examination (PG scheme)" and "direct endoscopic examination (endoscopy scheme)" were conducted. The associations between screening schemes and detection rates of gastric cancer, and early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSOverall, 3654 and 2290 participants completed PG and endoscopy schemes, respectively. A total of 11 (0.30%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 (0.27%) cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected by PG scheme, of which 7 (0.19%) cases were early gastric cancer. While, 19 (0.83%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 (0.44%) cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected by endoscopy scheme, with 12 (0.52%) cases of early gastric cancer. Compared with the PG scheme, the endoscopy scheme had a significantly higher detection rates of gastric cancer (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.34-5.98), and early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.12-4.02).

CONCLUSIONSThe endoscopy scheme is more effective in the detection of gastric cancer in a high-risk population, particularly for early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than the PG scheme.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; blood ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pepsinogen A ; blood ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis