Urinary system tumors are very common nowadays，including prostate cancer，renal cancer，bladder cancer，and urothelial carcinoma.In recent years，the incidence of these tumors has been on the rise.This paper briefly summarizes the emerging technologies explored by West China Hospital in recent years for urinary system tumors，such as gene sequencing analysis，radiomics and big data，liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，multi-modal intelligent fusion diagnostic technology，surgical decision-making tools built with artificial intelligence and big data，mRNA vaccines，combination of targeted and immune therapies，and irreversible electroporation technology.These technologies provide strong support and point out the ways for the prevention，early diagnosis，and individualized treatment of urinary system tumors.

The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held from January 23 to 25, 2025. Several significant studies on the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer were presented at the symposium, highlighting notable advances, particularly in the perioperative and advanced settings. Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant promise in the neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer, showing potential to become a standard treatment. Furthermore, the long-term survival benefits of combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced GEJ cancer were further validated. This article summarizes and interprets the researches presented at the symposium concerning perioperative and advanced treatments for esophageal and GEJ cancers.

The 2025 European Lung Cancer Congress (ELCC) convened in Paris, France, centering on the optimization and innovation of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Key topics at the congress included the application strategies for perioperative immunotherapy, breakthroughs in combination therapy models for advanced NSCLC, and the emerging roles of biomarkers in predicting diverse treatment outcomes. This paper integrates data from several key pivotal studies to systematically analyze the clinical value of neoadjuvant therapy within the perioperative setting, the potential of targeted combination regimens, and the challenges of managing drug resistance, thus offering new directions for clinical practice.

The 2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Meeting, two of the most prestigious events in oncology, have concluded sequentially. As the most authoritative annual gatherings in lung cancer and the entire oncology field, the WCLC and ESMO conferences brought together top oncology experts and scientists from around the world to share, discuss, and publish the latest cutting-edge advancements in oncology. In both conferences, lung cancer immunotherapy remained a hot topic of considerable interest. This article aims to summarize and discuss the important research progress on perioperative immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer reported at the two conferences.

Objective:This paper aims to analyze the current status,characteristics,and problems of the policy text of China's chronic disease from the perspective of full-cycle,and provide a reference for subsequent policy optimization.Methods:The author selected 104 policy documents on chronic disease published at the national level from 2009 to 2023,used content analysis method,constructed a two-dimensional analysis framework of"policy tools-full-cycle management",and carried out one-dimensional quantitative analysis and two-dimensional cross-analysis.Results:The application of policy tools is obviously unbalanced,with supply-type policy tools accounting for as much as 63.23％,and demand-type policy tools used the least,only 10.51％.In the dimension of full-cycle management,the proportions of prevention,prevention and treatment,treatment,treatment and rehabilitation,health care,and full-cycle stages are 21.01％,24.58％,28.89％,7.32％,4.69％and 13.51％respectively.It is noteworthy that the proportions of the treatment and rehabilitation,and health care stages are relatively low.All stages of chronic disease health management interact frequently with supply-type policies,and the treatment and rehabilitation,health care and full-cycle stages cross less with demand-type policy tools.Conclusion:It is necessary to adjust the proportion of policy tools,strengthen their internal coordination,improve the top-level design of treatment and rehabilitation and health care,enhance the synergistic interaction between various types of policy tools and full-cycle management,and improve the overall effectiveness of policies.

The 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held in San Francisco, the USA from January 18th to 20th, 2024 (local time). The multiple studies presented in this symposium will have a significant impact on the clinical practice of esophageal cancer. This article will focus on the surgical methods of esophageal cancer, perioperative immunotherapy, drug therapy for advanced esophageal cancer, rescue treatment after immunotherapy resistance, and other relevant aspects. It aims to summarize and interpret the significant advancements in the field of esophageal cancer presented in this symposium.

In recent years, nucleic acid therapy, as a revolutionary therapeutic tool, has shown great potential in the treatment of genetic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most advanced mRNA delivery carriers, and their emergence is an important reason for the rapid approval and use of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and the development of mRNA therapy. Currently, mRNA therapeutics using LNP as a carrier have been widely used in protein replacement therapy, vaccines and gene editing. Conventional LNP is composed of four components: ionizable lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, which can effectively load mRNA to improve the stability of mRNA and promote the delivery of mRNA to the cytoplasm. However, in the face of the complexity and diversity of clinical diseases, the structure, properties and functions of existing LNPs are too homogeneous, and the lack of targeted delivery capability may result in the risk of off-targeting. LNPs are flexibly designed and structurally stable vectors, and the adjustment of the types or proportions of their components can give them additional functions without affecting the ability of LNPs to deliver mRNAs. For example, by replacing and optimizing the basic components of LNP, introducing a fifth component, and modifying its surface, LNP can be made to have more precise targeting ability to reduce the side effects caused by treatment, or be given additional functions to synergistically enhance the efficacy of mRNA therapy to respond to the clinical demand for nucleic acid therapy. It is also possible to further improve the efficiency of LNP delivery of mRNA through machine learning-assisted LNP iteration. This review can provide a reference method for the rational design of engineered lipid nanoparticles delivering mRNA to treat diseases.

Microorganisms can form biofilms, complex, heterogeneous, multicellular communities that adhere to surfaces. Biofilm formation on the surface of structures in water will accelerate structures’ corrosion, seriously affect their service efficiency and life, and significantly impact the growth of animals, plants, and human life. Hence, clarifying the mechanism of biofilm formation contributes to developing new strategies to control biofilm formation on surface and then reduce infections, biofouling, and contaminations. Biofilm-targeting strategies include the regulation of established biofilms or the modulation of single-cell attachment. In most studies, physicochemical mechanism is frequently applied to explain the initial bacterial adhesion phenomena but rarely to explain other stages of biofilm formation. This review presents a five-step comprehensive description of the physicochemical process from film formation to biofilm maturation: (1) period of film formation; (2) period of bacterial adhesion; (3) period of extracellular-polymeric-substances (EPSs) membrane formation; (4) period of regulating biofilm by quorum sensing (QS); (5) period of biofilm maturation. We first clarify how the film formed by compound molecules affects the surface’s physicochemical properties and initial adhesion, summarizing many factors that affect bacterial adhesion. We then review the types of EPSs and signal molecules secreted by bacteria after irreversible adhesion, as well as their role and QS mechanism in biofilm maturation. Finally, we discuss how bacteria or microcolonies separate from the mature biofilm by physicochemical action and summarize the morphology and adhesion characterization methods after the biofilm matures. This review redefines the role of physicochemical in the whole process of biofilm formation and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention, removal, and utilization of biofilm and other related research fields.

Objective Exploring the effect of Percutaneous angular vertebroplasty(PCVP)on functional recovery in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF).Methods Retrospective selection of clinical data from 108 OVCF patients admitted to our hospital from August 2020 to December 2022.According to the different surgical methods,52 cases were divided into a control group(percutaneous vertebroplasty)and an observation group(percutaneous vertebroplasty)with 56 cases;Compare the recovery of vertebral body function,imaging related parameters,functional impairment and lumbar function,surgical related conditions,gait,and complications between the two groups.Results The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group[(10.65±3.52)ml vs.(13.11±3.66)ml,P＜0.05],the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy was less than that of control group[(14.21±4.27)vs.(17.04±4.25),P＜0.05],there was no statistically significant difference in the total clinical effective rate between the observation group of 89.28％and the control group of 86.53％(P＞0.05).After 2 months of surgery,the imaging related parameters,functional impairment,lumbar function,surgical and gait related conditions in the control group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of incision infection,nerve root injury,and recurrent fractures between the two groups(P＞0.05),but the leakage rate of bone cement in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both surgeries can effectively improve the level of lumbar vertebral function in OVCF patients.PVCP has advantages in increasing the height of the anterior and posterior edges of the vertebral body,reducing the Cobb angle,and relatively fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and bleeding.The incidence of bone cement leakage is lower,making it more safe.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.