This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of the 2025 Dingri earthquake emergency medical rescue in Tibet. It analyzes the requirements for earthquake medical rescue under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia, low temperature, and low air pressure. The paper provides a detailed discussion on the strategic layout of earthquake medical rescue at the national level, local government level, and through social participation. It covers the construction of rescue organizational systems, technical systems, material support systems, and information systems. The importance of building rescue teams is emphasized. In high-altitude and cold conditions, rapid response, scientific decision-making, and multi-party collaboration are identified as key elements to enhance rescue efficiency. By optimizing rescue organizational structures, strengthening the development of new equipment, and promoting telemedicine technologies, the precision and effectiveness of medical rescue can be significantly improved, providing important references for future similar disaster rescues.

Neuroscience is a significant frontier discipline within the natural sciences and has become an important interdisciplinary frontier scientific field. Brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, and its structural and functional analysis is considered the “ultimate frontier” of human self-awareness and exploration of nature. Driven by the strategic layout of “China Brain Project”, Chinese scientists have conducted systematic research focusing on “understanding the brain, simulating the brain, and protecting the brain”. They have made breakthrough progress in areas such as the principles of brain cognition, mechanisms and interventions for brain diseases, brain-like computation, and applications of brain-machine intelligence technology, aiming to enhance brain health through biomedical technology and improve the quality of human life. Due to limited understanding and comprehension of neuroscience, there are still many important unresolved issues in the field of neuroscience, resulting in a lack of effective measures to prevent and protect brain health. Therefore, in addition to actively developing new generation drugs, exploring non pharmacological treatment strategies with better health benefits and higher safety is particularly important. Epidemiological data shows that, exercise is not only an indispensable part of daily life but also an important non-pharmacological approach for protecting brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases, forming an emerging research field known as motor neuroscience. Basic research in motor neuroscience primarily focuses on analyzing the dynamic coding mechanisms of neural circuits involved in motor control, breakthroughs in motor neuroscience research depend on the construction of dynamic monitoring systems across temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, high spatiotemporal resolution detection of movement processes and movement-induced changes in brain structure and neural activity signals is an important technical foundation for conducting motor neuroscience research and has developed a set of tools based on traditional neuroscience methods combined with novel motor behavior decoding technologies, providing an innovative technical platform for motor neuroscience research. The protective effect of exercise in neurodegenerative diseases provides broad application prospects for its clinical translation. Applied research in motor neuroscience centers on deciphering the regulatory networks of neuroprotective molecules mediated by exercise. From the perspectives of exercise promoting neurogenesis and regeneration, enhancing synaptic plasticity, modulating neuronal functional activity, and remodeling the molecular homeostasis of the neuronal microenvironment, it aims to improve cognitive function and reduce the incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. This has also advanced research into the molecular regulatory networks mediating exercise-induced neuroprotection and facilitated the clinical application and promotion of exercise rehabilitation strategies. Multidimensional analysis of exercise-regulated neural plasticity is the theoretical basis for elucidating the brain-protective mechanisms mediated by exercise and developing intervention strategies for neurological diseases. Thus,real-time analysis of different neural signals during active exercise is needed to study the health effects of exercise throughout the entire life cycle and enhance lifelong sports awareness. Therefore, this article will systematically summarize the innovative technological developments in motor neuroscience research, review the mechanisms of neural plasticity that exercise utilizes to protect the brain, and explore the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of major neurodegenerative diseases. This aims to provide new ideas for future theoretical innovations and clinical applications in the field of exercise-induced brain protection.

The two core causes of obesity in modern lifestyle are high-fat diet (HFD) and insufficient physical activity. HFD can lead to disruption of gut microbiota and abnormal lipid metabolism, further exacerbating the process of obesity. The small intestine, as the “first checkpoint” for the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids into the body, plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism. The small intestine is involved in the digestion, absorption, transport, and synthesis of dietary lipids. The absorption of lipids in the small intestine is a crucial step, as overactive absorption leads to a large amount of lipids entering the bloodstream, which affects the occurrence of obesity. HFD can lead to insulin resistance, disruption of gut microbiota, and inflammatory response in the body, which can further induce lipid absorption and metabolism disorders in the small intestine, thereby promoting the occurrence of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity. Long term HFD can accelerate pathological structural remodeling and lipid absorption dysfunction of the small intestine: after high-fat diet, the small intestine becomes longer and heavier, with excessive villi elongation and microvilli elongation, thereby increasing the surface area of lipid absorption and causing lipid overload in the small intestine. In addition, overexpression of small intestine uptake transporters, intestinal mucosal damage induced “intestinal leakage”, dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, ultimately leading to abnormal lipid absorption and chronic inflammation, accelerating lipid accumulation and obesity. Exercise, as one of the important means of simple, economical, and effective proactive health interventions, has always been highly regarded for its role in improving lipid metabolism homeostasis. The effect of exercise on small intestine lipid absorption shows a dose-dependent effect. Moderate to low-intensity aerobic exercise can improve the intestinal microenvironment, regulate the structure and lipid absorption function of the small intestine, promote lipid metabolism and health, while vigorous exercise, excessive exercise, and long-term high-intensity training can cause intestinal discomfort, leading to the destruction of intestinal structure and related symptoms, affecting lipid absorption. Long term regular exercise can regulate the diversity of intestinal microbiota, inhibit inflammatory signal transduction such as NF-κB, enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function, and improve intestinal lipid metabolism disorders, further enhancing the process of small intestinal lipid absorption. Exercise also participates in the remodeling process of small intestinal epithelial cells, regulating epithelial structural homeostasis by activating cell proliferation related pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin. Exercise can regulate the expression of lipid transport proteins CD36, FATP, and NPC1L1, and regulate the function of small intestine lipid absorption. However, the research on the effects of long-term exercise on small intestine structure, villus structure, absorption surface area, and lipid absorption related proteins is not systematic enough, the results are inconsistent, and the relevant mechanisms are not clear. In the future, experimental research can be conducted on the dose-response relationship of different intensities and forms of exercise, exploring the mechanisms of exercise improving small intestine lipid absorption and providing theoretical reference for scientific weight loss. It should be noted that the intestine is an organ that is sensitive to exercise response. How to determine the appropriate range, threshold, and form of exercise intensity to ensure beneficial regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism induced by exercise should become an important research direction in the future.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to use the digital muscle function assessment system Myoton PRO to assess the correlation between muscle tension，clinical characteristics， and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndromes in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration ［also known as Wilson disease（WD）］. MethodsA total of 104 patients with WD accompanied by abnormal muscle tension（increased or decreased，hereinafter the same） who were hospitalized in the Brain Disease Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from April 2021 to November 2023 were selected，all of whom were subjected to TCM syndrome diagnosis and Myoton PRO for the measurement of F value of muscle tension，Goldstein， and UWDRS-N scales. The age of onset of the disease and disease duration were analyzed，and the differences and correlations of the above indexes in different TCM syndromes of WD were analyzed ResultsAmong the 104 patients with WD ，the phlegm and stasis syndrome was the most common（60 patients），followed by the damp-heat syndrome（33 patients），and the least common was the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome（11 patients）. The F value of the phlegm and stasis syndrome group was higher than that of the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group and the damp-heat syndrome group（P<0.01）. The F value of the damp-heat syndrome group was higher than that of the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group（P<0.05），and the F value of the lower limbs of each group was higher than that of the upper limbs（P<0.01）. Goldstein and UWDRS-N scores of the patients in the phlegm and stasis syndrome group were higher than those in the damp-heat syndrome group and the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the Goldstein and UWDRS-N scores of patients in the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group and the damp-heat syndrome group. Correlation analysis revealed that the age of onset and duration of the disease were positively correlated with the F values of the lower limbs（r=0.20，P<0.05，r=0.38，P<0.01）and had no significant correlation with those of the upper limbs. The F value levels of muscle tension of all limbs in the three groups of patients were positively correlated with the Goldstein and UWDRS-N scores（muscle tension of the upper limbs in the phlegm and stasis syndrome group，r=0.36，P<0.01，r=0.42，P<0.01. muscle tension of the lower limbs in the phlegm and stasis syndrome group，r=0.70，P<0.01，r=0.60，P<0.01. muscle tension of the upper limbs in the damp-heat syndrome group，r=0.64，P<0.01，r=0.53，P<0.01. muscle tension of the lower limbs in the damp-heat syndrome group，r=0.59，P<0.01，r=0.70，P<0.01. muscle tension of the upper limbs in the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group，r=0.70，P<0.01，r=0.74，P<0.01. muscle tension of the lower limbs in the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group，r=0.85，P<0.01，r=0.62，P<0.01）. Conlusion： The digital muscle function assessment system Myoton PRO can objectively evaluate the muscle tension level of patients with WD accompanied by abnormal muscle tension. This level has significant differences among different TCM syndromes and can evaluate the patient's condition to some extent.

Background The decline of physical activity in the elderly due to aging may increase the risk of sarcopenia. Currently, there is a lack of evidence from large natural populations on the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Objective To explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in the elderly aged 60 years and above in 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China. Methods Data were retrieved from the 2022—2023 round of the China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort. Personal basic information and PA data were collected by questionnaire survey. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by bio-electrical impedance analysis, muscle strength was measured using a grip dynamometer, and physical performance was reflected by 6-meter walk speed. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Light physical activity (LPA) duration, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration, and total physical activity volume were calculated. A total of 3326 residents aged ≥60 years with complete data were selected as the survey participants. Multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the association between PA duration/volume and sarcopenia. Results In 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly aged 60 years and above was 5.5% (95%CI: 4.7%, 6.2%). The logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the elderly reporting 0-7.0 h·week⁻¹ in LPA duration, the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly with LPA duration of >14.0-21.0 h·week⁻¹ was reduced by 51% (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.96). Compared with the elderly with total physical activity ≥15.0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h·week⁻¹, those with <7.5 MET-h·week⁻¹ had a 2.24-fold increased risk of sarcopenia (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.17, 4.29). The RCS results found that LPA duration and total physical activity volume each showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of sarcopenia (P_overall<0.05, P_non-linear<0.05). Compared with the elderly with an LPA duration of 0 h· week⁻¹, the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly with an LPA duration of 12.6 h· week⁻¹ was the lowest (OR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.83). Compared with the elderly with a total physical activity volume of 15.0 MET-h· week⁻¹, the elderly with a total physical activity volume of 46.0 MET-h· week⁻¹ had the lowest risk of sarcopenia (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.38, 0.84). There was no statistically significant association between weekly MVPA duration and the risk of sarcopenia (P>0.05). Conclusion Increasing weekly LPA duration and total physical activity volume would help to reduce the risk of sarcopenia.

Background Long working hours are a risk factor for occupational health, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as manufacturing. Prolonged working hours may have adverse effects on the sleep and mental health of employees. Objective To investigate the impact of long working hours on insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms among manufacturing industry employees and provide scientific evidence for relevant occupational health interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1524 employees from eight manufacturing enterprises in Shenzhen. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, work conditions (e.g., years of employment, job type, shift work, night shifts, weekly working hours), personal behaviors (e.g., smoking and drinking habits), and the occurrence of insomnia (by the Athens Insomnia Scale), anxiety (by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale), and depression (by the Patient Health Questionnaire). Participants were classified into two groups based on working hours: long working hours (≥55 h per week) and normal working hours (35-40 h per week). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between long working hours and the occurrences of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Results A total of 1491 manufacturing industry employees were included in the study (response rate: 97.8%). The sample consisted of 54.19% males and 45.81% females, with the largest proportion was those aged 40-49 years (45.48%). The proportion of workers with long working hours in the total population was 31.52%, with the highest proportion among production and technical employees (36.49%). The prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms was 56.2%, 26.6%, and 23.8%, respectively in the long working hours group, significantly higher than those in the normal working hours group (P<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, the logistic regression analysis showed that long working hours were significantly associated with increased risks of insomnia (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.60, 2.91), anxiety (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.81), and depression symptoms (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.38) compared to normal working hours. Conclusion Long working hours significantly increase the risks of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms among manufacturing industry employees. It is recommended that measures should be implemented to limit working hours, increase rest periods, and provide occupational health education and psychological support to improve the sleep and mental health of employees.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） is a highly heterogeneous disease. Although standard first-line regimens can cure ＞50% of patients， approximately one-third of them develop relapsed/refractory DLBCL （r/r DLBCL）. Consequently， immunotherapy targeting molecular abnormalities has become pivotal for managing r/r DLBCL. The results of this review show that with advances in understanding DLBCL pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment， antibody-based therapies have evolved rapidly， progressing from monoclonal antibodies （e.g.， rituximab， tafasitamab） to bispecific antibodies（e.g.， odronextamab，glofitamab， epcoritamab） and antibody-drug conjugate （e.g.， polatuzumab vedotin， loncastuximab tesirine）. These engineered agents enhance immune cytotoxicity and tumor-specific targeting， providing novel therapeutic options for r/r DLBCL patients.

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of baicalein topical preparation on atopic dermatitis, we first constructed two atopic dermatitis-like mouse models induced by calcipotriol and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene to assess their therapeutic effect with skin tissue staining and other experiments. It was found that topical preparation of baicalein could alleviate epidermal thickening of diseased skin tissues, repair damaged skin barrier proteins, and inhibit T helper 2 cells (Th2) infiltration and mast cell infiltration and activation in lesional sites. Cyberpharmacology was utilized to analyze whether baicalein could treat atopic dermatitis by interfering with multiple pathogenesis-associated pathways. Results indicated that baicalein reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and STAT1 proteins in keratinocyte cells. Together, the topical preparation of baicalein may be effective in alleviating atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in mice by down-regulating the phosphorylation level of NF-κB in keratinocytes, thereby decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors in keratinocytes, which provides an idea and a theoretical basis for the topical preparation of baicalein for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of puncture cyanoacrylate selective seal （PCSS） under endoscopic ultrasound in the treatment of gastroesophageal varices （GOV）. MethodsA total of 100 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent endoscopic therapy for the secondary prevention of GOV bleeding in Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from March 1 to December 31， 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into PCSS group and traditional endoscopy group. The patients were followed up for 6 months after surgery， and the two groups were compared in terms of clinical outcome and complications. The primary outcome measure was the rate of alleviation or disappearance of GOV， and the secondary outcome measure was variceal rebleeding and death. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed or approximately normally distributed quantitative data between two groups， and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed quantitative data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of qualitative data between two groups. ResultsThere were 50 patients in the PCSS group， among whom 1 patient was lost to follow-up， and there were 50 patients in the traditional endoscopy group， among whom 3 patients were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline data such as age， sex， Child-Pugh class， varices grade， and GOV typing （all P>0.05）. Compared with the traditional endoscopy group， the PCSS group had significantly better results of the number of endoscopic treatment sessions （t=-15.671， P=0.001）， the total amount of tissue adhesive used （t=-2.830， P=0.006）， and the rate of alleviation or eradication of varices sclerosis （χ²=7.078， P=0.029）. Both groups had low rates of postoperative rebleeding， adverse reactions， and complications， and there were no significant differences between the two groups （all P>0.05）. ConclusionCompared with traditional endoscopy， PCSS can significantly enhance treatment outcome while maintaining safety standards.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation with cognitive function based on a new Kayser-Fleischer ring （K-F ring） grading method in Wilson’s disease （WD）. MethodsA total of 136 WD patients who were hospitalized in Encephalopathy Center， The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine， from April 2022 to October 2023 were enrolled. All subjects underwent slit lamp examination， and the grade of K-F ring was determined according to the shape and extent of copper deposition in the cornea， whether it formed a ring or not， and whether there was a sunflower-like cloudy change in the lens. The patients were instructed to complete UWDRS， MoCA， and MMSE scale assessments， and these indicators were compared between patients with different K-F ring grades. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test （homogeneity of variance） or the Dunnett’s T3 test （heterogeneity of variance） was used for further multiple comparisons； the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of K-F ring grade with UWDRS， MoCA， and MMSE scores. ResultsAmong the 136 patients with WD， there were 40 patients with grade 4 K-F ring， accounting for the highest proportion of 29.4%， and 14 patients with grade 0 K-F ring， accounting for the lowest proportion of 10.3%， and there were 22 patients with grade 1 K-F ring （16.2%）， 19 with grade 2 K-F ring （14%）， 25 with grade 3 K-F ring （18.4%）， and 16 with grade 5 K-F ring （11.7%）. According to the different grades of K-F ring， there was a significant increase in UWDRS score （F=22.61， P<0.001） and significant reductions in MoCA and MMSE scores （F=16.40 and 13.80， both P<0.001）. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that K-F ring grade was positively correlated with UWDRS score （r=0.67， P<0.01） and was negatively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores in WD patients （r=-0.59 and -0.57， both P<0.01）. ConclusionThe new K-F ring grading method can determine disease severity in WD patients to a certain degree and partially reflect cognitive function and activities of daily living in such patients.