Objective To analyze the regulation of gene expression by adenosine deaminase RNA specific 1(ADAR1)in cervical cancer cell line Hela using RNA-seq technology and provide theoretical basis for understanding the role of ADAR1 in the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer.Methods RNA-seq sequencing of normal and ADAR1 knockdown Hela cell lines to identify differentially expressed genes.By conducting enrichment analysis using KEGG Pathway,GO cellular,and GSEA,the study analyzes the relevant signaling pathways and biological processes involving ADAR1 in Hela cell lines.Results Differentially expressed genes are mainly enriched in immune and inflammation-related signaling pathways(such as TNF-α/NF-κB,NIK/NF-κB,Jak/Stat-IL-6),Hippo signaling pathway,TGF-β signaling pathway,and are involved in interferon response,cellular amino acid metabo-lism regulation,protein ubiquitination/deubiquitination,viral transcription,and other biological processes.Further analysis of the NF-κB signaling pathway revealed a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB1 and TRAF5 after ADAR1 knockdown.Conclusion ADAR1 may regulate the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway-related factors and thereby regulate the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE：To identify Amomum villosum from different habitats and its adulterants. METHODS ：Through the identification methods of microscopic characteristics ，microscopic characteristics maps of 9 batches of A. villosum from genuine producing areas ，domestic commercially available A. villosum and its adulterants were obtained. The feature maps were extracted digitally and analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS ：Commercially available A. villosum was mainly from Guangdong ， Guangxi，Yunnan and Fujian ；the collected adulterants of A. villosum included A. villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T.L.Wu et Senjen ， A. aurantiacum H. T. Tsai et S. W. Zhao and other A. species from Yunnan Xishuangbanna ， Laos and Myanmar. Under the microscope，it was observed that microscopic characteristics of surface （such as exocarp color ，prickle，non-glandular hairs ， endocarp color ，endocarp oil chamber ） of A. villosum from different habitats and its adulterants were different. There was statistically significant difference in fruit width values and endocarp oil point diameter among all samples （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：The microscopic characteristics maps of A. villosum from different habitats and its adulterants by the microscopic characteristics identification methods will make up for the deficiency of traditional experience identification. The quantitative analysis of micro-property and the establishment of micro-property database of A. villosum can provide reference for the property identification and quality control of this medicinal material.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogen spectrum of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients complicated with pulmonary filamentous fungal infection in Guangdong Province, so as to provide evidences for improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 143 AIDS patients with pulmonary filamentous fungal infection hospitalized in Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were included. The filamentous fungi cultured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of these patients were identified with morphological and molecular biological methods. And their clinical characteristics were analyzed. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 143 patients, 116(81.1%) had fever, 104(72.7%) had cough, 83(58.0%) had expectoration, and 59(41.3%) had anhelation. The CD4 + T lymphocyte count was 22.0(9.3, 60.8) cells/μL and 118(82.5%) cases were below 100.0 cells/μL. The white blood cell counts decreased in 52(36.4%) cases and increased in 18(12.6%) cases, anemia was found in 109(76.2%) cases, platelet count decreased in 29(20.3%) cases. Sixty-four (44.8%) cases were positive for galactomannan test. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse infection of both lungs in 114(79.7%) cases, miliary changes in 12(8.4%) cases, pleural effusion in 44(30.8%) cases, and enlargement of pleural and (or) mediastinal lymph nodes in 45(31.5%) cases. After receiving antifungal therapy, 124 (86.7%) cases were cured or improved, and 19 (13.3%) cases were discharged automatically or died of disease deterioration. Among the 143 strains of filamentous fungi, there were 56 strains of Aspergillus species pluralis (39.2%, including 24 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus), 37 strains of Talaromyces marneffei ( T. marneffei) (25.9%), 22 strains of Penicilium species pluralis (15.4%), and 28 strains of other genera of filamentous fungi (19.6%). The median CD4 + T lymphocyte counts in patients infected with Aspergillus species pluralis, T. marneffei, Penicilium species pluralis and other genera were 24.5, 15.0, 53.5 and 22.0 cells/μL, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( H=11.282, P=0.010). The proportions of AIDS patients with different pulmonary filamentous fungal infection of CD4 + T lymphocyte count ≤50.0 cells/μL in descending order were T. marneffei group (89.2%(33/37)), Aspergillus species pluralis group and other genera group (67.9%(38/56), 67.9%(19/28)), and Penicillium species pluralis group (54.5%(12/22)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.296, P=0.026). Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of pulmonary filamentous fungal infection in AIDS patients in Guangdong Province are not specific. The pathogenic spectrum contains various genera, and T. marneffei and Aspergillus fumigatus are dominant, which could be correlated with CD4 + T lymphocyte count.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of Talaromyces marneffei (T.marneffei)-specific mannose glycoprotein Mp1p antigen for T.marneffei infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.Methods All cases were recruited in this study from January 2012 to June 2015 in Guangzhou No.8 People′s Hospital, including 184 AIDS patients with T.marneffei infection confirmatively diagnosed by culture, and 205 controls including 176 AIDS patients without T.marneffei infection and 29 health controls.Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and fluoroimmunoassay combined with double-antibody sandwich were both utilized to detect serum Mp1p antigen levels, and their sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing T.marneffei infection in patients with AIDS were analyzed.x2 test and t test were used for statistical analysis.Results The ratio of males to females and age of the study group were both comparable to those of the control group (x2=0.019, P=0.889;t=1.810,P=0.07, respecitvley).The sensitivities of double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and fluoroimmunoassay combined with double-antibody sandwich were 82.07%(151/184) and 83.15%(153/184), respectively (x2=0.076, P=0.783).The specificities were 93.17%(191/205) and 92.68%(190/205), respectively (x2=0.037, P=0.847).The accuracy values were 87.92%(342/389) and 88.17%(343/389), respectively (x2=0.012, P=0.912).The false positive rates were 6.83%(14/205) and 7.32%(15/205), respectively.The false negative rates were 17.93%(33/184) and 16.85%(31/184), respectively (x2=0.049, P=0.829).The positive predictive values were 91.52%(151/165) and 91.07%(153/168), respectively (x2=0.021, P=0.886).The negative predictive values were 85.27%(191/224) and 85.97%(190/221), respectively (x2=0.045, P=0.832).The Kappa values were 0.83 and 0.80, respectively.Conclusion Detection of serum Mp1p antigen of T.marneffei possesses high specificity and sensitivity, which may be utilized for rapid and early diagnosis of T.marneffei infection in patients with AIDS.

Objective To explore the pathogen spectrum, drug resistance rate and clinical characteristics of pneumonia caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in acquined immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.Methods The clinical data of 31 hospitalized AIDS patients with bronchoalceolar lavage flind (BALF) culture confirmed NTM pulmonary disease in Guangzhou No.8 People′s Hospital from January,2008 to February,2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including pathogen spectrum, drug resistance rate and clinical characteristics.The clinical characteristics and drug resistance were compared between Mycobacterium avmm-intracellulare complex (MAC) pneumonia and the non-MAC pneumonia, and t test and chi-square test were used.Results Of the 31 AIDS patients,28 were male and 3 were female, with the mean age of 40.9 years old.The 31 NTM strains were consisted of 14 MAC strains and 17 non-MAC strains (including 4 M.kansasii strains,3 M.lentiflavumstrains, 2 M.szulgai strains, 2 M.yongonense strains etc).There was no significant difference between two groups in sex ratio, mean age, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatment outcome (all P>0.05).The major clinical manifestations included fever, productive cough, weight loss, anemia and low CD4+ count (<50/μL).Most patients showed thoracic lymphadenectasis and patchy shadows in lungs, and few patients had millet shadows and pericardial effusion.Compared with non-MAC strains, MAC strains had higher drug resistant rate of moxifloxacin (10/14 vs 4/17), levofloxacin (14/14 vs 8/17), and clarithromycin (11/14 vs 7/17).More extensively drug resistance strains were seen in non-MAC strains compared with MAC strains (11/14 vs 7/17).Conclusions MAC is the most common pathogen of NTM pulmonary disease in AIDS patients.The clinical features of pneumonia caused by MAC and non-MAC are similar, but drug resistance of MAC strains are more severe.

Objective To understand the characteristics and regularity of child oral mucosal diseases in Chongqing by analyzing its related factors so as to provide a reference for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 3792 children with oral mucosal diseases in the stomatology department of our hospital from January to December 2015 were taken as the research subjects for analyzing the disease entities,gender,age,onset time.Results Among 3 792 cases,15 kinds of oral mucosal diseases were recorded.The top five places of prevalence rates were herpetic stomatitis (42.67 ％),oral candidiasis(23.36 ％),traumatic ulcer(14.82 ％),recurrent aphthous ulcer (8.81％) and migratory glossitis (8.65％).Conclusion The clinical characteristics of child oral mucosal diseases are complex and various,and the onset age and time have a certain rule,which indicates that early diagnosis and treatment are very important to prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical efficacy differences between"regulating conception-governor vessel" acupuncture method and clomiphene for infertility of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

METHODSOne hundred patients of PCOS were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each one. The patients in the observation group were treated with"regulating Conception-Governor Vessel" acupuncture method at Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Yaoyangguan (GV 3) and Yaoshu (GV 2). The acupuncture treatment started at the end of menstruation, once every other day; after four treatments, the follicle was tested with B ultrasound; when follicle was longer than 18 mm or above, the acupuncture treatment was given once a day until follicle was discharged and acupuncture treatment finished. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of clomiphene from 5 days into menstruation, 50 mg per day for 5 consecutive days. Both groups were treated for three menstruation cycle. The menstrual cycles, endometrial thickness, endometrium types (A, B and C), cervical mucus scores, basal body temperature (BBT), cases of ovulation, cases of pregnancy were observed.The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) in serum were detected before and after the treatment.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, the menstrual cycles were shortened (both<0.05),the endometrial thickness and cervical mucus scores were increased in the two groups (<0.05,<0.01); the improvement of endometrial thickness and cervical mucus score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (both<0.01). The percentages of type-A endometrium in both groups were higher than those before the treatment (both<0.05); the number of type-A endometrium in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (<0.05). The ovulation rate was 88.0% (44/50) in the observation group, which was superior to 70.0% (35/50) in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the levels of LH were reduced in the two groups (<0.05,<0.01), which was more significant in the observation group (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe"regulating Conception-Governor Vessel" acupuncture method could improve menstrual cycles, increase endomet-rial thickness and promote the development of follicles in PCOS patient; in addition, it could decrease serum LH level, improve the ovarian functions and increase ovulation rate, which is superior to oral administration of clomiphene.

Objective To investigate gene polymorphisms of drug targets and mutations associated with drug resistance in Pneumocystis jiroveci (P.jiroveci) isolates.Methods Among 148 samples isolated from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients with pneumonia in Guangdong,mitochondrid larg subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) gene was amplified from 51 samples.Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS),dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and Cytochrome b (CYB) genes of P.jiroveci were detected by gene sequencing,and compared with the reference sequences in GenBank to evaluate gene polymorphisms.Results P.jirovecii DHPS,DHFR and CYB genes were all successfully amplified from 51 samples.For DHPS gene,48 (94.1％) were wild-type and 3 (5.9％) had gene mutation associated with drug resistance.For DHFR gene,30 were wild-type,and 21 had a synonymous mutation at position 312,and 1 nonsynonymous mutation at position 188.There were no mutations associated with drug resistance.For CYB gene,polymorphisms of were detected at 5 sites,4 of which were synonymous mutations,1 was non-synonymous mutation.No mutation associated with drug resistance was found.Based on the gene polymorphism of CYB6,the strains can be classified into 6 genotypes,and 2 were first detected,including 25 CYB1,13 CYB2,2 CYB5,4 CYB8,as well as newly detected 4 CYB10 and 3 CYB11 strains.Conclusions The mutations associated with drug resistance in P.jiroveci isolates in Guangdong remain uncommon.CYB gene shows gene polymorphisms and can be selected as one of targeted genes for multilocus sequence typing.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of glabridin in Clycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from different regions. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Inertsil ODS-SP with mobile phase of acetoni-trile-0.05%phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min,detection wavelength was 280 nm,the column tempera-ture was 35 ℃,and the injection volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of glabridin was 0.906-18.12 μg/ml(r=0.999 7), RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recovery was 98.73%-101.90%(RSD=1.25%,n=6). There were obvious differences among the glabridin contents in G. uralensis from different regions. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate with high precision,and can be used for the content determination of glabridin in Clycyrrhizae Radix et Rhi-zoma.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mycobacteria species distribution in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients co-infected with mycobacteria in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 133 mycobacteria strains isolated from HIV-positive patients and 150 strains isolated from HIV-negative patients were included in this study. After DNA extraction of mycobacteria, mycobacteria species identification was performed by sequencing of multiple genes.Differences in the identified species were compared between patients with and without HIV infection and the correlation between CD4 + T cells level and the mycobacterial species distribution was analyzed.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results Of the 133 mycobacteria strains isolated from HIV-positive patients, 82 were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC ). Fifty-one were identified as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM),of which the main species was Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC,31/51).Of the 150 mycobacteria strains isolated from HIV-negative patients,126 were identified as MTC and 24 as NTM,of which the main species was Mycobacterium abscessus (9/24).In patients with CD4 + T cell counts ≤100/μL,the positive rate of mycobacteria was 75 .94%(101/133),93.55 %(29/31) of MAC and 85 .00%(17/20)of other NTM.When the CD4 + T cell counts >100/μL,the positive rate for mycobacteria were all obviously decreased.Conclusions The proportion of NTM infection is higher in HIV-positive patients than HIV-negative patients in Guangzhou. Among HIV-positive patients > the most prevalent NTM species is MAC, while Mycobacterium abscessus is the most common species in HIVnegative patients. Mycobacterial infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients is closely associated with low CD4+ cells level.