China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

OBJECTIVE To establish the correlation evaluation and quality evaluation method of HPLC fingerprint grade of color sorting Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and provide technical basis for the grade standard of color sorting Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. METHODS The chromatographic column was SVEA C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)- 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution(B); gradient elution; injection volume was 10 μL; detection wave length was 245 nm; volume flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1; column temperature was 38 ℃. The common peak determination and similarity evaluation of HPLC chromatogram data were carried out by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprints(Version 2012); the color sorting grade evaluation was carried out by CA, PCA and PLS-DA. The first part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition was used to measure the quality control indicators, and the data were analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS A total of 28 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints, and 7 components were identified. The similarity of 24 batches of color sorting grade samples was 0.936-0.968. CA and PCA divided 28 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos samples into 4 categories, which were basically consistent with the classification of color sorting, and PLS-DA achieved a discrimination result that was very consistent with the classification of color sorting. The color sorting grade was negatively correlated with the diameter, flowering rate, damage rate, and luteolin content of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. The color sorting grade was positively correlated with chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid. There was a clear correlation between the color sorting of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and established fingerprint overall. There were differences in the quality of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in the color sorting grade. Based on the sensory indicators of diameter, flowering rate, and damage rate, the content, diameter, flowering rate, and damage rate of luteolin showed a trend from high to low, ranging from third grade>second grade>first grade>special grade. The content of three phenolic acids showed a trend from high to low, ranging from special grade>first grade>second grade>third grade. Among the special grade, the content of three phenolic acids was the highest. CONCLUSION Combining the content of luteolin and phenolic acids as evaluation and control indicators for color selection grade is feasible and scientific, which can achieve intelligent color sorting grade production of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos grade.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infections have raged globally for more than 2 years.China has always adopted scientific and effective prevention and control measures to achieved some success.However, with the continuous variation of SARS-CoV-2 cases and imported cases from abroad, the prevention and control work has become more difficult and complex.With the variation of the mutant strain, the number of cases in children changed, and some new special symptoms and complications were found, which proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.Based on the third edition, the present consensus according to the characteristics of the new strain, expounded the etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and according to the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of effective prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.

At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still rampant worldwide.As of September 10, 2021, there were about 222 million confirmed cases of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)and more than 4.6 million deaths worldwide.With the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the gradual vaccination worldwide, the increasing number of cases in children and unvaccinated young people has drawn attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data, the proportion of COVID-19 infection cases in children gradually increased, and the proportion of cases in the age groups of under 5 years and 5-14 years increased from 1.0% and 2.5% in January 2020 to 2.0% and 8.7% in July 2021, respectively.At present, billions of adults have been vaccinated with various COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, and their protective effects including reducing infection and transmission, reducing severe disease and hospitalization, and reducing death, as well as high safety have been confirmed.Canada, the United States, Europe and other countries have approved the emergency COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, and China has also approved the phased vaccination of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. For smooth advancement and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in children, academic institutions, including National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children′s Health, and The Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to reach this consensus on COVID-19 vaccination in children.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still worldwide.As a vulnerable group, severe and dead pediatric cases are also reported.Under this severe epidemic situation, children should be well protected.With the widespread vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults, the infection rate have decreased.Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation for children groups step by step is of great significance to the protection of children and the prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) as a whole.But the safety of children vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a main concern of parents.Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of vaccination and the implementation of vaccination work, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children′s Health and the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized experts to interpret the main issue of parents about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for children, in order to answer the doubts of parents.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of depression and anxiety and assciated factors of back to school college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for emotional counseling and psychological crisis intervention after long term school closure due to epidemic outbreak. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select the first batch of 2 697 back to school students in a high vocational college. The survey content includes basic information questionnaire, Depression Self rating Scale (SDS) and Anxiety Self rating Scale(SAS). Results: The detection rate of depression and anxiety was 31.8% and 10.4% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression in female college students was 1.28 times higher than that in male students. The risk of depression among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.30 times that of those without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Outgoing personality(OR=0.62), neutral (OR=0.55) and mild temper(OR=0.46), moderate frequency of physical exercise per week(1-2 times:OR=0.73, 3-4 times:OR=0.65) were protective effects for depression in college students.Low frequency of breakfast were the risk effects for depression in college. The risk of anxiety among college students who was the only child in the family was 1.61 times higher than that who was not the only child in the family. The risk of anxiety among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.45 times higher than that college students without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Neutral temper, mild temper and physical exercise 1-2 times a week were associated with lower level of anxiety in college students(OR=0.67,0.56,0.67). Breakfast skipping (OR=2.03) was associated with higher levvel of anxiety in college students. Conclusion During the outbreak of COVID-19, the first batch of back to school college students presented high level of depression. Colleges are suggested to promptly carry out effective emotional relief and psychological intervention for students, especially those whose family suffered in COVID-19, the only child in the family, with poor breakfast eating habits, as well as breakfast skipping and lack of physical exercise.

2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) outbreak is one of the public health emergency of international concern.Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak, China has been adopting strict prevention and control measures, and has achieved remarkable results in the initial stage of prevention and control.However, some imported cases and sporadic regional cases have been found, and even short-term regional epidemics have occurred, indicating that the preventing and control against the epidemic remains grim.With the change of the incidence proportion and the number of cases in children under 18 years old, some new special symptoms and complications have appeared in children patients.In addition, with the occurrence of virus mutation, it has not only attracted attention from all parties, but also proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children of China.Based on the second edition, the present consensus further summarizes the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children.

Objective:To explore the imaging manifestations of central nervous system aspergillosis (CNSAG).Methods:The cranial imaging changes of five CNSAG patients admitted to the First Medical Center of People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed and their imaging characteristics were summarized.Results:There were four males and one female with the minimum age of 20 years old and maximum age of 59 years old. Among the five cases, two cases mainly occurred in the cavernous sinus and three cases in the cerebral parenchyma. Long T 1-weighted and long T 2-weighted signals were observed in all the lesions of the cerebral parenchyma, while equal or short T 1-weighted, equal or long T 2-weighted signals were observed in the lesions of the cavernous sinus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain of all cases showed multiple ring enhancement, which could form serrate or lace-like arrangement along the periphery of the lesion and gather together to form "honeycomb" enhancement characteristics. The degree of peripheral enhancement was more obvious, and the scope of enhancement increased after the disease was aggravated. High diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signal can be seen in the ring enhanced focus, which is the MRI feature of abscess, and high DWI signal can be seen at the edge of the enhanced ring. Susceptibility weighted imaging showed low bleeding signal, no characteristic changes in the spectrum, and decreased perfusion in the central area. Computer tomography scan showed normal or equal density mass lesions, obvious edema or complicated infarction showed irregular low-density shadow, and bleeding showed high-density shadow. Conclusion:MRI showed mixed signal and circular enhancement, computer tomography showed normal or isodense mass lesions, or irregular low-density shadow, and bleeding signs could be found in CNSAG.

Objective: To understand the confidence-related factors of refusing unprotected sex behavior among college students in Zhejiang province. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted among college students from 13 colleges and universities in Zhejiang province, from October to November, 2018. A total of 3 718 students who self-reported "ever having had sexual contacts" were enrolled. Chi-square test was used to compare the confidence of rejecting unprotected sex under different demographic characteristics, sexual attitude/behaviors and different intervention approaches. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: A total of 3 718 college students were involved in this study with average age as (20.17±1.38) years old and 70.5% (2 620/3 718) were male. The proportions of having confidence to refuse unprotected sex behavior were 74.9% (1 963/2 620) of male and 77.9% (896/1 098) of female students, respectively. According to the results from multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors that related to the confidence of refusing unprotected sex behavior in male students would include, did not accept casual sex behavior (compared with accepted students, OR=2.247, 95%CI: 1.828-2.762), did not accept homosexual behavior (compared with accepted students, OR=1.810, 95%CI: 1.302- 2.516), having casual sex behavior in the past one year (compared with having no sex behavior, OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.051-1.721), aware of the availability of HIV self-test reagents service in college (compared with did not knew, OR=1.381, 95%CI: 1.011-1.887), having taken the HIV infection risk self-assessment in college (compared with did not take, OR=1.707, 95%CI: 1.374-2.121). In female students, the factors would include: being urban resident (compared with rural residence, OR=1.816, 95%CI: 1.225-2.693), 21 years old or above (compared with 20 years old or below, OR=1.469, 95%CI: 1.075-2.007), having taken the HIV infection risk self-assessment in college (compared with did not take, OR=1.597, 95%CI: 1.093-2.333), etc. Conclusions Both male and female college students had higher confidence in refusing unprotected sex behavior. For male students, refusing casual or homosexual contacts, having casual sex in the recent year, knowing HIV self-test reagents service and having had HIV-related risk self-assessment in college as related factors. However, for female students; city residence, 21 years old and above, and having a HIV infection risk self- assessment in college appeared as related factors. Sexual health education should be strengthened to reduce unprotective sex behavior and to promote HIV infection risk self-assessment among the college students.