Trigeminal neuralgia is a manifestation of orofacial neuropathic pain disorder,always deemed to be an insurmountable peak in the field of pain research and treatment.The pain is recurrent,abrupt in onset and termination similar to an electric shock or described as shooting.A poor quality of life has been attributed to trigeminal neuralgia,as the paroxysms of pain may be triggered by innocuous stimuli on the face or inside the oral cavity,such as talking,washing face,chewing and brushing teeth in daily life.The pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia has not been fully elucidated,although the microvascular compression in the trigeminal root entry zone is generally considered to be involved in the emergence and progression of the pain disorder.In addition,orofacial neuropathic pain restricted to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve might be secondary to peripheral nerve injury.Based on current hypotheses regarding the potential causes,a variety of animal models have been designed to simulate the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia,including models of compression applied to the trigeminal nerve root or trigeminal ganglion,chronic peripheral nerve injury,peripheral inflammatory pain and center-induced pain.However,it has not yet been possible to determine which model can be perfectly employed to explain the mechanisms.The selection of appropriate animal models is of great significance for the study of trigeminal neuralgia.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss the characteristics of the animal models in terms of animal strains,materials,operation methods and behavior observation,in order to gain insight into the research progress in animal models of trigeminal neuralgia.In the future,animal models that closely resemble the features of human trigeminal neuralgia pathogenesis need to be developed,with the aim of making valuable contributions to the relevant basic and translational medical research.

Objective:To discuss the problems existing in the implementation of the Chinese health industry standard WS 523-2019 by testing SPECT device.Methods:Under the WS 523-2019 standards, a total of 10 SPECT devices were tested with regard to their SPECT reconstructed spatial resolution (SRSR), system planar sensitivity (SPS), system spatial resolution (SSR), whole body system spatial resolution (WSSR), intrinsic uniformity (IU), intrinsic count rate performance (ICR), intrinsic spatial resolution (ISR) and intrinsic spatial linearity(ISL).Result:Under the requirements of WS 523-2019 standards for qualified limits, there are 3 devices with ISL unqualified and the rest of the performances qualified. The new standards basically can meet the clinical requirements and reflected the overall performance of SPECT.Conclusions:The distance between the radiation source and the surface of the detector has great influence on the spatial resolution.In the measurement of ISL, there must be a lead grid separately in the x and y directions. The lead grids with the parallel slits shall be positioned on the detector with the center slit centered on the detector. It is suggested to add rotation center in the new standards.

To establish a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) map for comparative proteomic analysis of rat spinal cord with chronic morphine tolerance, and to detect differentially expression proteins that are associated with chronic morphine tolerance.
 Methods: Sixteen male SD rats received the intrathecal catheterization operation and they were randomly divided into a morphine tolerance group (MT group, n=8) and a saline group (NS group, n=8). The lumbar enlargement segments of the MT group and the NS group spinal cord were harvested and proteins were separated by 2-DE. Differential proteome profiles were established and analyzed by means of immobilized pH gradient-based two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). The 2-DE maps were visualized after coomassie blue staining and analyzed using PDQuest analysis software. Identification of differential protein spots was conducted by MALDI-TOF-MS, and the Mascot query software was used to search Swiss-Prot database for bioinformatics analysis. Western blotting was used to verify the expression of some differentially expressed proteins.
 Results: A total of 1 000 spots were identified in 2-DE maps of rat spinal cord tissues from the MT group and the NS group, and 36 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the MT group compared with the NS group. Identification was conducted by MALDI-TOF-MS and Swiss-Prot database through Mascot query software, and a total of 14 proteins were obtained. Among them, 2 protein spots were down-regulated in the MT group compared with that in the NS group, and 12 protein spots were up-regulated in the MT group compared with that in the NS group. Two kinds of proteins (NUDAA, ENOG) were verified by Western blotting and the results were consistent with proteomics data.
 Conclusion: The optimized 2-DE profiles for the proteome of spinal cord tissue in rats with chronic morphine tolerance is established preliminarily, which showed that morphine tolerance can cause changes in the expression of various proteins in the spinal cord.
Animals ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Male ; Morphine ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Spinal Cord

Objective To fabricate an immunofluorescence probe system of carbon dots conjugated antibody based on antigen-antibody reaction principles.Methods A green one-step microwave assisted pyrolysis method was applied to preparing fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) using aminoglucose as carbon source and the obtained CDs were conjugated with antibody via EDC/NHS reactions to build CDs based fluorescent probe.Furthermore,the properties of CDs and CDs based probe system were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra,transmission electron microscopy (TEM),UV-vis absorption and so on.Results The as-prepared CDs showed excellent fluorescence and hydrophilicity and CDs based immunofluorescence probe exhibited the capability of quick detection of E.coli O157:H7.Cinclusion Fluorescent CDs as one new emerging environment-friendly nanomaterial has great potential in biosensors.

Objective To compare the efficacy and toxicities between preoperative concomitant boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal RT (3-DCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer.Methods A prospective study from May 2010 to May 2015.A total of 130 patients with histologically confirmed,newly diagnosed,locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (cT3-T4 and/or cN +) located within 10 cm from the anal verge were included in this study.The patients were divided into IMRT and 3D-CRT groups by random number table method.Sixty-six patients were treated with IMRT,and the other sixty-four patients were treated with 3-DCRT.In the IMRT group,the prescription dose was 1.8 Gy/fraction to 45 Gy to the pelvis and 2.2 Gy/fraction to 55 Gy to the gross tumor volume simultaneously.The 3D-CRT prescription was 45 Gy in 25 fractions to the pelvis.Capecitabine (1 650 mg· m 2 · d-1) was given twice daily from days 1 to 14 and days 22 to 35 during RT in both arms.Total mesorectal excision (TME) was scheduled 6-8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,tumor location,pathological differentiation degree and clinical stage between the two groups.Two patients withdrew from the study:one for grade 3 radiation dermatitis in IMRT group and the other for grade 3 fatigue in 3D-CRT.There was no significant difference in hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities between the two groups.No grade 4 or 5 toxicity was observed in either group.Compared with conformal radiotherapy,IMRT did not increase the difficulty of surgery.No significant difference was found in type of surgery or postoperative complications between the two groups.The rate of tumor regression grade (TRG) 4 (pathologic complete response,pCR) was 22.7％ for IMRT and 15.6％ for 3D-CRT,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).The rate of both TRG4 and 3 was 42.4％ for IMRT and 25.0％ for 3D-CRT,respectively (x2 =4.406,P=0.036).Conclusions Neoadjuvant concomitant boost IMRT is feasible and has a higher histopathological regression for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry,ChiCTR-IN R-16008004.

Objective Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging carbon nano-material which is environmentally-friendly, economical , efficient and stable .Their fluorescence properties can match the semiconductor quantum dot .Moreover , CDs have more excellent biocompatibilities .The purpose of this experiment is to apply CDs to the fluorescent immune probe to make them a new label , which can replace the traditional fluorescent dyes .Methods Using microwave heating method , the high strength fluorescent carbon dots were prepared .Wtih the EDC coupling method , the high strength fluorescent car-bon dots could bond with Escherichia coli antibodies to form a complex immune fluorescent probe .Specific recognition exper-iments were carried out in the model of E.coli O157∶H7.Results CDs were successfully applied to immune recognition of E.coli O157∶H7 and multicolor fluorescence was observed .Conclusion CDs can serve as a label of the fluorescent im-mune probe , and are expected to become a new type of low toxicity biosensor with independent intellectual property rights .

Objective To evaluate the effect of ditching for drain on the control of the breed of Oncomelania hupensis snails in beaches of Dongting Lake. Methods From November,2009 to November,2012,an O. hupensis snail infested beach of the Yueyang jail and an O. hupensis snail infested beach of Junshan District were selected as research fields in the eastern Dongting Lake area,and the former,as the intervention field,was performed with the ditching for drain by excavators and the latter,as the control field,was not. Results Before the project implemented,the average soil moisture contents on the beaches in dry seasons of the two fields were both about 35.56%. After the project implemented,in the intervention field,the average soil mois?ture content was 26.53%which was significantly lower than that(35.56%)in the control field(F=6.53,P<0.05). The under?ground water levels in different heights in the intervention field were lower than those in the control field (χ2 = 33.33,P <0.05). Before the project implemented,the natural death rates of the snails were 0.98%and 0.89%in the two research fields re?spectively(P>0.05),and after the project implemented(in 2012),no adult and young snails were found in the interventional field,but in the control field,the average densities of living snails and young snails were 29.37 snails/0.1 m2 and 213±108.45 snails/0.1 m2 respectively. Conclusion The intervention of ditching for drain can decrease the soil moisture contents quickly and change the ecological condition,therefore,can control the breed of O. hupensis snails in the beaches of Dongting Lake.

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effects of needling in the abdominal acupoints and diet only in treating sim-ple obese patients with heat and dampness in the stomach.METHODS random number table method was adopted to divide 86 obese patients with heat and dampness in the stomach into two groups.There were 44 patients in the treatment group with 3 being uncounted later and the treating method was needling in the abdominal acupoints and certain acupoints in the body.There were 42 patients in the control group with 2 being uncounted later and they were treated with diet only.The certain indexes re-lated to obesity,lipid levels,and nuclear magnetic resonance scanning results were recorded and compared before and after the treatment.CONCLUSIONS The certain indexes related to obesity,lipid levels,and nuclear magnetic resonance scanning re-sults of both groups were lower compared with before(P<0.05~0.01).And the results of the treatment group were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate of the treatment group after two periods of treating was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS The clinical effect of needling in the abdominal acupoints is better than diet only in loosing weight and is worth of being widely used.

Objective To observe the effects of calcium cyanamide (Rongbao) on the histological and morphological changes of Oncomelania hupensis snails in order to explore its molluscicidal mechanisms.Methods The serial snails' slides were fixed after soaking in a concentration of Rongbao leached liquor at different time.The histological and morphological changes of the snails were compared among these slides.Results After soaking in the Rongbao leached liquor for 48 h,the mantle epithelia,respiratory epithelia of the gill,liver cells,and muscle cells of gastropods were injured seriously,which resulted in the death of the snails directly.The death rates of the snails were 96.70% and 100% after soaking in the Rongbao leached liquor for 48 h and 72 h,respectively.Conclusion Rongbao is an effective molluscicide by damaging the several snail tissues.

0. 05), Conclusion There was the same molluscicidal effect while the active content of SCN was a guarter of active content of WPN by immersion and spraying in the field. SCN is a novel form of niclosamide with high molluscicidal effect and of convenience to use in the field.