Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai is a well-known medicinal plant. However, the optimal harvest time for V. coloratum is unknown. Few studies were performed to analyze compound variation during storage and to improve post-harvest quality control. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of V. coloratum in different growth stages, and determine the dynamic variation of metabolites. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify 29 compounds in V. coloratum harvested in six growth periods, and the associated biosynthetic pathways were explored. The accumulation of different types of compounds were analyzed based on their synthesis pathways. Grey relational analysis was used to evaluate the quality of V. coloratum across different months. The compound variation during storage was analyzed by a high-temperature high-humidity accelerated test. The results showed that the quality of V. coloratum was the hightest in March, followed by November, and became the lowest in July. During storage, compounds in downstream steps of the biosynthesis pathway were first degraded to produce the upstream compounds and some low-molecular-weight organic acids, leading to an increase followed by a decrease in the content of some compounds, and resulted in a large gap during the degradation time course among different compounds. Due to the rapid rate and large degree of degradation, five compounds were tentatively designated as "early warning components" for quality control. This report provides reference for better understanding the biosynthesis and degradation of metabolites in V. coloratum and lays a theoretical foundation for rational application of V. coloratum and better quality control of V. coloratum during storage.
Viscum/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolomics

Viscum plants,the evergreen perennial parasitic shrubs or subshrubs,are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. There are about 70 Viscum species around the world,including 11 species and one variety in China. Mistletoe lectins are typeⅡ ribosome-inactivating proteins( RIPs) extracted from Viscum plants with anticancer and immunoregulatory activities. Many studies have focused on the mistletoe lectins isolated from V. album in Europe and V. album var. coloratum distributed in South Korea,respectively,and several preparations,such as Iscucin Ⓡ,were developed and clinically applied for cancer treatment. Although Viscum plants are widely distributed in China,only a few studies of mistletoe lectins have been reported. The recent progress of mistletoe lectins was reviewed from extraction,purification,quantitative/qualitative detection,molecular structure,pharmacological activities,toxicities,and clinical application,aiming at providing a reference for in-depth research and utilization of mistletoe lectins produced in China.
Humans ; Lectins ; Plant Extracts ; Plant Lectins ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Toxins, Biological ; Viscum

In the present study, two new acetylene conjugate compounds, dibutyl (2Z, 6Z)-octa-2, 6-dien-4-yne dioate (1), and dibutyl (2E, 6E)- octa-2, 6-dien-4-yne dioate (2), were isolated from the dry stem leaves of Viscum album, along with nine known compounds (3 - 11). Their structures were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 8 showed antioxidant activity against xanthine oxidase (XOD) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydroxyl (DPPH), with the IC of 1.22 and 1.33 μmol·L, and the SC of 4.34 and 8.22 μmol·L, respectively.
Acetylene ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Picrates ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Viscum album ; chemistry ; Xanthine Oxidase ; chemistry

A 52-year-old male patient who underwent multiple wedge resections experienced postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome in both lungs after Viscum album pleurodesis. Despite initial rapid deterioration in clinical condition and rapid progression of bilateral lung infiltration, he exhibited a relatively smooth clinical recovery with marked response to glucocorticoid treatment. Our case report suggests that care must be taken to guard against the development of acute respiratory complications in the use of Viscum album for pleurodesis. However, in view of the clinically benign course, initial aggressive management of complications can prevent suffering and sequelae.
Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleurodesis* ; Pneumothorax* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; Viscum album* ; Viscum*

BACKGROUND: In chemical pleurodesis for managing pulmonary air leak, tetracycline derivatives are commonly used, and their effectiveness has been established in many studies. Recently, a Viscum album extract was used in chemical pleurodesis. We compared the effects of V. album with those of a tetracycline derivative (doxycycline) to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of the V. album extract in chemical pleurodesis for managing pulmonary air leak. METHODS: Between October 2010 and October 2016, chemical pleurodesis was performed using doxycycline in 40 patients and the V. album extract in 37 patients. Thirty-three patients were in the postoperative state after pulmonary resection, and 44 patients suffered from spontaneous pneumothorax. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the success rate was observed between the 2 groups (V. album extract and doxycycline). In both groups, chest pain was the most common complication. More patients in the doxycycline group complained of severe chest pain (42.1% vs. 13.5%, p=0.006). In the V. album extract group, 24.3% of the patients required a chest tube to drain the pleural effusion after cessation of the air leak (doxycycline group: 5%, p=0.022). Further, the amount of pleural effusion drained on the day after the last chemical pleurodesis in the V. album extract group was greater than that in the doxycycline group (162.2±170.2 mL vs. 97.0±77.2 mL, p=0.032). All patients were discharged from the hospital without complications after pleural effusion drainage. CONCLUSION: Considering that treatment using the V. album extract was less painful, V. album might be a feasible option for chemical pleurodesis. However, pleural effusion should be monitored carefully when using V. album extract for treating patients suffering from air leak.
Chest Pain ; Chest Tubes ; Doxycycline* ; Drainage ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleurodesis* ; Pneumothorax ; Tetracycline ; Viscum album* ; Viscum*

The present study aims to investigate the effect of methanol extract of Korean mistletoe (KM; Viscum album var. coloratum), on amyloid beta protein (Abeta) (25-35), a synthetic 25-35 amyloid peptide, -induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons and memory impairment in mice. Exposure of cultured neurons to 10 microM Abeta (25-35) for 24 h induced a neuronal cell death, which was measured by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. KM (10, 30 and 50 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the Abeta (25-35)-induced apoptotic neuronal death. KM (50 microg/ml) inhibited 10 microM Abeta (25-35)-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fluo-4 AM. Glutamate release into medium and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 10 microM Abeta (25-35) were also inhibited by KM (10, 30 and 50 microg/ml). These results suggest that KM may mitigate the Abeta (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity by interfering with the increase of [Ca2+]i and then inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS in cultured neurons. In addition, orally administered KM (25 and 50 mg/kg, 7 days) significantly prevented memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta (25-35) (8 nmol). Taken together, it is suggested that anti-dementia effect of KM is due to its neuroprotective effect against Abeta (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that KM may have therapeutic role in prevention of the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides* ; Amyloid* ; Animals ; Calcium ; Cell Death ; Glutamic Acid ; Memory* ; Methanol ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; Neurons* ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Viscum album

To study the triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins of Viscum liquidambaricolum further, chemical constituents were isolated from the title plant by various chromatographic methods such as silica gel and ODS medium pressure column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, et al. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. Eight triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins were isolated and identified as myricadiol(1), maslinic acid(2), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(3), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside-6'-O-methyl ester(4), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucuropyranoside(5), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (6), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8). Compounds 1-8 were isolated from this plant and the genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Saponins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Viscum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a gas chromatography method for simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in Viscum coloratum by cloud-point extraction (CPE).

METHODPesticides were extracted with the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100. The apparatus was gas chromatography with electron capture detector and the separation was performed on an Hp-5 column. The pesticide residues were calculated by external standard method.

RESULTGood linear relation was obtained over the range of 5-500 microg L(-1) for organochlorine and 10-1,000 microg L(-1) for pyrethroid. The limits of detection was 1.5-7.5 microg kg(-1). The average recoveries of organochlorine and pyrethroid were 74.15% -111.6% with corresponding RSD of 4.0% -9.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe sample and rapid method was applied to pesticide residues determination.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Limit of Detection ; Octoxynol ; chemistry ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Viscum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo research the function of endophytes of mistletoe in parasitism process of mistletoe in Pterocarya stenoptera.

METHODEndophytes from eight different parts of the mistletoe were separated by explant culture, and further screened by different CMC plates culture and DNS method to get cellulase high productive strains. The distribution of the endophytic fungus parasitized in mistletoe were prepared and stained to demonstrate by histological section of the intumescentia part of the P. stenoptera.

RESULTThe histological section indicated that aboundent of hyphasma were distributed around the haustorium of the mistletoe. Eighty three strains of endophytic fungus were separated, 38 of them were able to degrade cellulose, 19 strains showed high cellulase activity and 10 of which were separated from the parasitic position.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic fungus of mistletoe can secrete cellulase and assist the haustorium of mistletoe to breakthrough the cell walls as well as intercellular space tissues of the P. stenoptera, thus, the endophytic fungus plays an important role in the parasitism process of mistletoe in P. stenoptera.

Cellulase ; metabolism ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Juglandaceae ; Symbiosis ; Viscum ; cytology ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for extraction and content determination of polysaccharide in Viscum coloratum.

METHODPolysaccharide was extracted by hot water, separated by ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography. The content determination was performed at wavelength 490 nm with phenol-sulfuric acid as a chtomo-genic agent.

RESULTThe content of polyaccharide in V. coloratum, CVPS-III, and CVPS-III-C were respectively 4.93% (RSD 1.04%, n = 3), 43.28% (RSD 1.39%, n =3), 69.55% (RSD 1.62%, n = 3), and the average recovery was 96.07% (RSD 2.54%, n = 5).

CONCLUSIONThe method was simple, rapid, and accurate.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Reproducibility of Results ; Viscum ; chemistry