BACKGROUND: Although combined chemotherapy has increased survival rates among children with cancer, such treatments can induce sensorineural hearing loss. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors for hearing impairments in patients with childhood cancer.METHODS: Audiograms were obtained from 115 patients with childhood cancer and survivors (age < 20 years). Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed at octave intervals within the range of 250-8000 Hz. We evaluated clinical risk factors associated with hearing impairments. Hearing loss was evaluated based on the maximal decibel (dB) loss in any frequency for each ear (RA(max) or LA(max)) and weighted mean dB loss for specific frequencies (RA(avg) or LA(avg)).RESULTS: Forty percent of patients (N=46) exhibited hearing loss >20 dB based on the weighted mean value in either ear. Severe hearing impairments were observed in 56% of patients with brain tumors. Although cisplatin or vinca alkaloids were significant risk factors for hearing impairment, the use of both cisplatin and vinca alkaloids exhibited the highest odds ratio for hearing impairment (P < 0.001, < 0.001 for R/LA(max); P=0.099, 0.039 for R/LA(avg)). Multivariate analysis revealed that the use of both cisplatin and vinca alkaloids was an independent risk factor for hearing impairment based on RA(max), LA(max), and LA(avg) (P < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.039, respectively).CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that cisplatin and vinca alkaloids exert an additive effect on the risk of hearing impairment in survivors of childhood cancer. Further prospective studies are thus required to determine the most effective chemotherapeutic regimen for reducing ototoxicity.
Audiometry ; Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy ; Ear ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hearing ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Vinca Alkaloids ; Vinca

Vinorelbine, a vinca alkaloid anticancer drug, is widely used to treat various cancers. Several dermatological side effects of vinorelbine, such as acral erythema, phlebitis, and severe extravasation reactions, have been reported. Vinorelbine is categorized as non-DNA binding vesicant that undergoes high metabolism and clearance, which limits the degree of tissue injury if extravasation occurs. A 73-year-old male presented with erythematous linear patches on his left wrist and a 51-year-old male presented with erythematous eroded patches and bullae on his right forearm. Histopathologic study showed interface changes with basal vacuolar degeneration and epidermal dysmaturation. Separation of the dermis from the epidermis was observed, as well as interstitial and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in the dermis. Both patients were being treated with vinorelbine for lung cancer. Before the onset of the skin lesions, accidental intravenous extravasation of vinorelbine had occurred. Herein, we report two cases of chemotherapy induced drug reaction due to extravasation of vinorelbine.
Aged ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Forearm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Phlebitis ; Skin ; Vinca ; Wrist

The present study was designed to investigate the non-alkaloid compounds from the leaves and stems of Vinca major cultivated in Yunnan Province, China. The compounds were isolated using chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods in combination with UV, IR, and MS analyses. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity of Compounds 1-7 were evaluated. One new iridoid glycoside (compound 1), together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from Vinca major. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed moderate DPPH-scavenging activity, with IC50 values being 70.6, 32.8, and 62.2 μmol·L(-1), respectively. In conclusion, compound 1 is a newly identified iridoid glycoside with moderate antioxidant activity.
Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Iridoid Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Vinca ; chemistry

In order to study the chemical constituents in the water extract of the stem of Nauclea officinalis, column chromatography over D101 macroporous resin and silica gel and an automatic purification system were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from the extract. Nine compounds were obtained. By analysis of the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as naucleamide G (1), 3, 4-dimethoxyphenol-beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), kelampayoside A (3), 3alpha, 5alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycordifoline lactam (4), naucleamide A-10-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), pumiloside (6), 3-epi-pumiloside (7), strictosamide (8) and vincosamide (9), separately. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compound 2 was found in plants of the genus Nauclea for the first time, and compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Carbolines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Indole Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Vinca Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIM: To identify the structure of the acid-catalyzed product of strictosamide and explore the reaction mechanism. METHODS: The acid-catalyzed reaction process of strictosamide was monitored by HPLC, and a macroporous resin was used to purify the reaction solution. The structure of the product was confirmed by MS, NMR, and ROESY spectra. RESULTS: The acid-catalyzed transformation yield from strictosamide to vincoside lactam was 52%. CONCLUSION The reaction mechanism of the transformation from strictosamide to vincoside lactam may be related to the stability of the three-dimensional configuration of the compound. These results offer a new way to obtain vincoside lactam from the widely distributed indole alkaloid strictosamide by acid-catalysis.
Acids ; chemistry ; Catalysis ; Lactams ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Vinca Alkaloids ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEUnder various drought conditions and nitrogen application, the content of vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine in the leaf of Catharanthus roseus were illustrated to improve the content of alkaloid theoretically.

METHODSix groups were set in the experiment, which included: CK (natural control), CN (natural control + nitrogen), LK (low drought), LN (low drought + nitrogen), HK (high drought), HN (high drought + nitrogen) to discuss the change characteristics of total nitrogen, the activity of alkaline POD and TDC, the content of four alkaloids under the different conditions were measured.

RESULTUnder LK condition, the activity of POD, TDC were enhanced. In the early stage of stress (0-21 d), vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine accumulated, and reduced in the later stage (28-35 d). For all groups, adding exogenous nitrogen could improve the total content of nitrogen, vindoline and vinblastine, meanwhile the activity of POD and TDC were enhanced as well. The LN, HN treatments were beneficial to accumulating catharanthine and vinblastine.

CONCLUSIONDrought stress or additional nitrogen have an influence on both of the activities of POD and TDC, and the four alkaloids were affected as well. Thereinto, the LN condition was the most effective treatment for accumulating the four alkaloids (vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine), which were regulated by improve nitrogen content and enzymatic activity.

Catharanthus ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Vinblastine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Vinca Alkaloids ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency between two treatments of sudden hearing loss. METHOD: All patients were divided into two groups randomly, basic drug group was treated with ganglioside and vinpocetine injection, combined therapy group was treated with intratympanic dexamethasone and what was used in basic drug group. RESULT: The effective rate of combined therapy group (73.53%) was significantly higher than that of basic drug group (37.78%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The comprehensive therapy of intratympanic dexamethasone injection, ganglioside and vinpocetine injection have excellent efficiency for sudden hearing loss.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Gangliosides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Vinca Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Naudea officinalis.

METHODThe chemical constituents were separated by column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC techniques, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as strictosamide (1), 10-hydroxy strictosamide (2), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3), rutin (4), pumiloside(5).

CONCLUSIONAmong these compounds, 2, 3, 4 are isolated from the leaves of Naudea officinalis for the first time.

Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Rutin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Vinca Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study on the purification of strictosamide from Nauclea officinalis by macroporous resin to provide reference for production.

METHODThe best macroporous resin was selected among 10 kinds of resins according to adsorption and desorption of the static adsorption experiments. The adsorption quantity, elution volume of water, concentration and elution volume of alcohol were determined according to the single factor experiment.

RESULTHPD400 was the best resin, and the best adsorption quantity was 20.23 mg x g(-1), the elution volume of water and 30% alcohol was 6 BV, and the elution volume of 70% alcohol was 4 BV.

CONCLUSIONThis technology is simple, feasible, and it can provide reference for the industrialized production.

Adsorption ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Vinca Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study tissue culture of Vinca minor and determine the content of vincamine.

METHODLeaf blades, stalks, root segment of V. minor were used as explants to study the effect of 2, 4-D,6-BA,NAA on its callus induction and vincamine contents in the orthogonal design experiment. In the peak period of callus formation, vincamine content in callus of V. minor and sterile plants was determined by HPLC. The experimental data was statistically analyzed.

RESULTThe content of 6-BA and NAA had no significant effect on its callus induction. But the content of 2, 4-D had significant effect on its callus induction. Within 20,40,60 d, the content of vincamine in sterile plant was (0.015 +/- 0.003)%, (0.097 +/- 0.001)% , (0.113 +/- 0.06)%, respectively. In the peak period of callus formation, vincamine content in callus of leaf blades, stalks, root segment was (0.024 +/- 0.0025)%, (0.016 +/- 0.0015)%, (0.010 +/- 0.0015)%, respectively. To 30 days of subculture, vincamine content in callus of leaf blades, stalks, root segment was (0.041 +/- 0.002)%, (0.019 +/- 0001)%, (0.016 +/- 0.002)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal hormone combination for callus initiation was MS +2, 4-D 1.0 mg x L(-1) +6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1). In different growth periods, vincamine content in sterile plants is significantly different. From different explants in callus vincamine content is different, in which leaves callus is significantly higher than that of stems, roots produced callus organization.

Culture Techniques ; methods ; Linear Models ; Plant Infertility ; Vinca ; chemistry ; growth & development ; physiology ; Vincamine ; analysis