Background: Post-liver transplant biliary strictures are a common cause of morbidity among patients who have undergone living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Limited data are available concerning the response rates to various treatment modalities and the long-term outcomes for these individuals. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database, including adult patients aged 18 years or older who underwent LDLT between 2006 and 2022. Results: Between 2006 and 2022, a total of 3,550 patients underwent liver transplantation. After applying exclusion criteria, 2,956 patients were included in the analysis.During the study period, 344 patients (11.6%) developed biliary strictures. Of these, 77.0% underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the primary treatment for biliary strictures, while the remainder received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Identified risk factors for post-liver transplant biliary strictures included the presence of multiple biliary anastomoses, bile leak, and older donor and recipient ages. The overall graft and patient survival rates were comparable between patients with and without biliary strictures, at both 1 year (93.0% vs. 96.3%) and 5 years (82.3% vs. 79.2%). Conclusions Biliary strictures are observed in approximately 11% of recipients following LDLT. While the presence of biliary strictures is associated with increased morbidity, it does not significantly impact patient survival.

Background: Post-liver transplant biliary strictures are a common cause of morbidity among patients who have undergone living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Limited data are available concerning the response rates to various treatment modalities and the long-term outcomes for these individuals. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database, including adult patients aged 18 years or older who underwent LDLT between 2006 and 2022. Results: Between 2006 and 2022, a total of 3,550 patients underwent liver transplantation. After applying exclusion criteria, 2,956 patients were included in the analysis.During the study period, 344 patients (11.6%) developed biliary strictures. Of these, 77.0% underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the primary treatment for biliary strictures, while the remainder received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Identified risk factors for post-liver transplant biliary strictures included the presence of multiple biliary anastomoses, bile leak, and older donor and recipient ages. The overall graft and patient survival rates were comparable between patients with and without biliary strictures, at both 1 year (93.0% vs. 96.3%) and 5 years (82.3% vs. 79.2%). Conclusions Biliary strictures are observed in approximately 11% of recipients following LDLT. While the presence of biliary strictures is associated with increased morbidity, it does not significantly impact patient survival.

Background: Post-liver transplant biliary strictures are a common cause of morbidity among patients who have undergone living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Limited data are available concerning the response rates to various treatment modalities and the long-term outcomes for these individuals. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database, including adult patients aged 18 years or older who underwent LDLT between 2006 and 2022. Results: Between 2006 and 2022, a total of 3,550 patients underwent liver transplantation. After applying exclusion criteria, 2,956 patients were included in the analysis.During the study period, 344 patients (11.6%) developed biliary strictures. Of these, 77.0% underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the primary treatment for biliary strictures, while the remainder received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Identified risk factors for post-liver transplant biliary strictures included the presence of multiple biliary anastomoses, bile leak, and older donor and recipient ages. The overall graft and patient survival rates were comparable between patients with and without biliary strictures, at both 1 year (93.0% vs. 96.3%) and 5 years (82.3% vs. 79.2%). Conclusions Biliary strictures are observed in approximately 11% of recipients following LDLT. While the presence of biliary strictures is associated with increased morbidity, it does not significantly impact patient survival.

Background: Post-liver transplant biliary strictures are a common cause of morbidity among patients who have undergone living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Limited data are available concerning the response rates to various treatment modalities and the long-term outcomes for these individuals. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database, including adult patients aged 18 years or older who underwent LDLT between 2006 and 2022. Results: Between 2006 and 2022, a total of 3,550 patients underwent liver transplantation. After applying exclusion criteria, 2,956 patients were included in the analysis.During the study period, 344 patients (11.6%) developed biliary strictures. Of these, 77.0% underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the primary treatment for biliary strictures, while the remainder received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Identified risk factors for post-liver transplant biliary strictures included the presence of multiple biliary anastomoses, bile leak, and older donor and recipient ages. The overall graft and patient survival rates were comparable between patients with and without biliary strictures, at both 1 year (93.0% vs. 96.3%) and 5 years (82.3% vs. 79.2%). Conclusions Biliary strictures are observed in approximately 11% of recipients following LDLT. While the presence of biliary strictures is associated with increased morbidity, it does not significantly impact patient survival.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis of the maxilla emerged as a significant concern in India during the second wave of the pandemic, necessitating surgical interventions such as maxillectomy. This study investigated the quality of life following prosthodontic rehabilitation with interim obturators in patients who underwent bilateral total maxillectomy due to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis of the jaws. Methods: The study was conducted using questionnaire-based interviews administered by a single investigator employing the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) questionnaires. Responses were evaluated on a Likert scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. A significance level of 5% was applied to all tests. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and chi-square tests were utilized to compare categorical and quantitative variables across groups. Responses to the questionnaires were recorded on numerical Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 for OFS and 0 to 4 for OHIP-14. The mean OHIP-14 and OFS scores were compared between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation stages. Results: A comparison between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation scores from the OHIP-14 questionnaire revealed a significant difference (p= 0.001). The OFS results indicated significant improvements across all domains following the use of obturators. Conclusion Interim obturators play a vital role in improving speech, swallowing, and mastication during the recovery period for patients who have undergone bilateral total maxillectomy. Despite the altered anatomy resulting from the resection, patients adapted effectively and exhibited improvements in their social, psychological, and mental health.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis of the maxilla emerged as a significant concern in India during the second wave of the pandemic, necessitating surgical interventions such as maxillectomy. This study investigated the quality of life following prosthodontic rehabilitation with interim obturators in patients who underwent bilateral total maxillectomy due to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis of the jaws. Methods: The study was conducted using questionnaire-based interviews administered by a single investigator employing the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) questionnaires. Responses were evaluated on a Likert scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. A significance level of 5% was applied to all tests. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and chi-square tests were utilized to compare categorical and quantitative variables across groups. Responses to the questionnaires were recorded on numerical Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 for OFS and 0 to 4 for OHIP-14. The mean OHIP-14 and OFS scores were compared between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation stages. Results: A comparison between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation scores from the OHIP-14 questionnaire revealed a significant difference (p= 0.001). The OFS results indicated significant improvements across all domains following the use of obturators. Conclusion Interim obturators play a vital role in improving speech, swallowing, and mastication during the recovery period for patients who have undergone bilateral total maxillectomy. Despite the altered anatomy resulting from the resection, patients adapted effectively and exhibited improvements in their social, psychological, and mental health.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis of the maxilla emerged as a significant concern in India during the second wave of the pandemic, necessitating surgical interventions such as maxillectomy. This study investigated the quality of life following prosthodontic rehabilitation with interim obturators in patients who underwent bilateral total maxillectomy due to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis of the jaws. Methods: The study was conducted using questionnaire-based interviews administered by a single investigator employing the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) questionnaires. Responses were evaluated on a Likert scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. A significance level of 5% was applied to all tests. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and chi-square tests were utilized to compare categorical and quantitative variables across groups. Responses to the questionnaires were recorded on numerical Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 for OFS and 0 to 4 for OHIP-14. The mean OHIP-14 and OFS scores were compared between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation stages. Results: A comparison between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation scores from the OHIP-14 questionnaire revealed a significant difference (p= 0.001). The OFS results indicated significant improvements across all domains following the use of obturators. Conclusion Interim obturators play a vital role in improving speech, swallowing, and mastication during the recovery period for patients who have undergone bilateral total maxillectomy. Despite the altered anatomy resulting from the resection, patients adapted effectively and exhibited improvements in their social, psychological, and mental health.

Purpose: Incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) is diagnosed in post-cholecystectomy specimens for benign indications, where the role of 2-fluro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(FDG-PET/CT) is not clearly defined. The present study aimed to assess the benefits of staging and prognosticating with FDG-PET/CT in IGBC. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study from a tertiary-care center from January 2010 to July 2020 was performed. The demographic, clinical, histopathological, and treatment-related histories were collected. FDG-PET/CT-image findings were compared with survival outcomes through telephonic follow-up. The chi-square test was used for comparing frequencies. The univariate and multivariate survival estimates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox-proportional hazard model, respectively. Log-rank test was used to compare the Kaplan–Meier curves. Results: The study included 280 postcholecystectomy participants (mean age: 52 ± 11 years; women: 227) of whom 52.1% had open surgery(146/280). Residual disease in the gallbladder fossa (54.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.002) and liver infiltration (32.9% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.05) were seen more frequently in open surgery compared to laparoscopic surgery, while anterior abdominal wall deposits were more common in laparoscopy(35.1% vs. 24%,p = 0.041). FDG-PET/CT changed the management in 10% (n = 28) of patients compared to contrast-enhanced CT. The median survival was 14 months (95%CI-10.3–17.7). A higher stage of the disease on the FDG-PET/CT (loco-regional disease-HR 4.86, p = 0.006; metastatic disease-HR 7.53, p < 0.001) and the presence of liver infiltration (HR-1.92, p = 0.003) were independent predictors of poor survival outcomes. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT detects residual and metastatic disease in patients with IGBC, enabling the institution of appropriate management and acting as a tool for prognostication of survival.

Methods: Using the hospital records and imaging database obtained from January 2014 to January 2020, this study retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgery for Pott’s spine and met the eligibility criteria. Results: This study included 230 patients with a mean±standard deviation age of 47.7±18.1 years (109 males, 121 females). The Visual Analog Scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, and Cobb angle were significantly improved in these patients (p<0.001). Patients who underwent anterior reconstruction had a greater correction in Cobb angle postoperatively (p=0.042) but also had a greater blood loss (p=0.04). During the follow-up, they experienced a significant loss of correction compared with those who only underwent transpedicular decompression (p=0.026). Nevertheless, patients who underwent anterior reconstruction using mesh/PEEK cages showed no significance difference in the clinical or radiological outcomes. Conclusions Transpedicular decompression used in the surgical management of Pott’s spine showed favorable clinical and radiological outcomes. The additional use of anterior reconstruction obtained equivalent clinical outcomes but resulted in excessive blood loss. Meanwhile, the use of mesh/PEEK cage for anterior reconstruction did not affect the clinical and radiological outcomes.

Background: Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an often neglected disease that received some attention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is some evidence that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can lead to “reactive” arthritis. However, this does not follow the classical definition of ReA that limits the organisms leading to this condition. Also, there is no recommendation by any international society on the management of ReA during the current pandemic. Thus, a survey was conducted to gather information about how modern clinicians across the world approach ReA. Methods: An e-survey was carried out based on convenient sampling via social media platforms. Twenty questions were validated on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of ReA. These also included information on post-COVID-19 arthritis. Duplicate entries were prevented and standard guidelines were followed for reporting internet-based surveys. Results: There were 193 respondents from 24 countries. Around one-fifth knew the classical definition of ReA. Nearly half considered the triad of conjunctivitis, urethritis and asymmetric oligoarthritis a “must” for diagnosis of ReA. Other common manifestations reported include enthesitis, dermatitis, dactylitis, uveitis, and oral or genital ulcers. Threefourths opined that no test was specific for ReA. Drugs for ReA were non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, intra-articular injections, and conventional disease-modifying agents with less than 10% supporting biological use. Conclusion The survey brought out the gap in existing concepts of ReA. The current definition needs to be updated. There is an unmet need for consensus recommendations for the management of ReA, including the use of biologicals.