Humans ; Urology ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2

The American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EUA) and International Urological Society (SIU) annual meetings were held in 2022. Studies on prostate cancer reported in the meetings mainly focus on the advances of diagnostic biomarkers (such as α-2, 3-1inked sialylation of terminal N-glycan on free PSA density, SelectMDx) and imaging techniques [such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-PET/CT], the new method for prostate biopsy, the new treatments of prostate cancer including [¹⁷⁷Lu] Ludotadipep and DROP-IN PSMA probe, and the prognosis assessment of prostate cancer (such as AR-V7). This article provides an overview on the research hotspots of three international academic meetings.
Male ; Humans ; Urology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Gallium Radioisotopes

Laparoscopy ; Urology

Tissue engineering technology and stem cell research based on tissue engineering have made great progresses in overcoming the problems of tissue and organ damage, functional loss and surgical complications. Traditional method is to use biological substitute materials to repair tissues, while tissue engineering technology focuses on combining seed cells with biological materials to form biological tissues with the same structure and function as its own to repair tissue defects. The advantage is that such tissue engineering organs and tissues can solve the problem that the donor material is limited, and effectively reduce complications. The purpose of tissue engineering is to find suitable seed cells and biomaterials which can replace the biological function of original tissue and build suitable microenvironment . This paper mainly describes current technologies of tissue engineering in various fields of urology, and discusses the future trend of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of complex urinary diseases. The results of this study show that although there are relatively few clinical trials, the good results of the existing studies on animal models reveal a bright future of tissue engineering technology for the treatment of various urinary diseases.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering ; trends ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Urology ; trends

Urology is an ancient academic discipline, and its rapid development is due to the combination between medicine and engineering. The development of urology in China is an example of the combination of industry-academia-research based on the progress of science and technology. This paper mainly summarizes the recent advances of interdisciplinary combination between medicine and engineering in urology.
Biomedical Engineering ; trends ; China ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Research ; Urology ; trends

The field of prosthetic urology demonstrates the striking impact that simple devices can have on quality of life. Penile prosthesis and artificial urinary sphincter implantation are the cornerstone procedures on which this specialty focuses. Modern research largely concentrates on decreasing the rates of complication and infection, as the current devices offer superior rates of satisfaction when revision is not necessary. These techniques are also able to salvage sexual function and continence in more difficult patient populations including female-to-male transgender individuals, those with ischemic priapism, and those with erectile dysfunction and incontinence secondary to prostatectomy. This review summarizes modern techniques, outcomes, and complications in the field of prosthetic urology.
Erectile Dysfunction/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Implantation/methods* ; Penile Prosthesis ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Prostatectomy/adverse effects* ; Prosthesis Failure ; Prosthesis Implantation/methods* ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/epidemiology* ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology* ; Urethra/injuries* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery* ; Urinary Retention/epidemiology* ; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial ; Urology

PURPOSE: To characterize the population of hypogonadal men who presented to a tertiary academic urology clinic and evaluate risk factors for primary vs. secondary hypogonadism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated all men with International Classification of Diseases-9 diagnosis codes R68.82 and 799.81 for low libido, 257.2 for testicular hypofunction, and E29.1 for other testicular hypofunction at a tertiary academic medical center from 2013 to 2017. We included men who had testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) drawn on the same day. We classified men based on T and LH levels into eugonadal, primary, secondary, and compensated hypogonadism. Risk factors including age, body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2, current smoking status, alcohol use greater than 5 days per week, and Charlson comorbidity index greater than or equal to 1 were investigated and measured in each group using the eugonadal group for reference. RESULTS: Among the 231 men who had both T and LH levels, 7.4%, 42.4%, and 7.4% were classified as primary, secondary, and compensated hypogonadism, respectively. Only elevated BMI was associated with secondary hypogonadism compared to eugonadal men (median BMI, 30.93 kg/m2 vs. 27.69 kg/m2, p=0.003). BMI, age, comorbidities, smoking, or alcohol use did not appear to predict diagnosis of secondary hypogonadism. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary hypogonadism appears to be the most common cause of hypogonadism among men complaining of low T and decreased libido at a tertiary academic medical center. Secondary hypogonadism is associated with elevated BMI and therefore obesity should be used as a marker to evaluate men for both T and LH levels.
Academic Medical Centers* ; Body Mass Index* ; Classification ; Clomiphene ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Libido ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Testosterone ; Urology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) and Onen grading systems for fetal hydronephrosis in prenatal ultrasound according to the level of experience of the examiner. METHODS: We reviewed the prenatal ultrasound images of 146 fetuses (292 kidneys) that were diagnosed as having hydronephrosis between January 2005 and December 2014. One expert and two trainees assessed the prenatal renal ultrasound images using the SFU and Onen grading systems. The three examiners independently assessed each ultrasound image with both grading systems and reassessed the same images after 7 to 14 days. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to estimate intra- and inter-observer reliability in prenatal ultrasound images according to training level. RESULTS: The intra-observer reliability of the SFU grading system (κ 0.873–0.945) showed almost perfect agreement and that of the Onen grading system (κ 0.749–0.913) showed substantial to almost perfect agreement. The overall inter-observer reliability of the SFU grading system (κ 0.620–0.825) showed substantial to almost perfect agreement and that of the Onen grading system (κ 0.618–0.724) showed substantial agreement. The weighted kappa value of inter-observer agreement was 0.223 to 0.400 for SFU grade 1 and 0.064 to 0.346 for SFU grade 3. For Onen grading, the inter-observer agreement was 0.012 to 0.214 for grade 2 and 0.193 to 0.334 for grade 3. CONCLUSION: Both the SFU and Onen grading systems showed good intra-observer agreement in prenatal ultrasonography. The inter-observer agreement was decreased in SFU grades 1 and 3 and Onen grades 2 and 3. Therefore, more focus should be given to SFU grades 1 and 3 and Onen grades 2 and 3 for trainees.
Fetus ; Hydronephrosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Urology

The clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is made step by step. The evidences that have been published were searched and a group of experts make a consensus based in the evidences. The CPGs in the medical field, where utilizations and interests are increasing, must be confirmed in the management of quality. The Korean Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (K-AGREE II) tool that helps to manage the quality of CPGs and to develop CPGs was translated by the Steering Committee for Clinical Practice Guideline. It is divided into 6 domains and each domains are independent. It is consisted of 23 items as detail and 2 items for the overall evaluation. Only fifteen CPGs are successfully certified using the K-AGREE II tool in the Korean Medical Guideline Information Center from 2013 and 3 CPGs made by the Korea Urological Association and the associated societies are certified successfully. With the level of certification of CPGs is higher, the Korea Urological Association and the associated societies are also try to develop CPGs that meet their level of certification. The Korean clinical practice guideline for the treatment of prostate cancer developed recently is the evidence of effort.
Certification ; Consensus ; Information Centers ; Korea ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Quality Improvement ; Urology

In this study, we sought to describe a novel imaging apparatus that is lightweight, inexpensive, and highly eff ective for use in colorectal diagnostic and treatment settings. Typical probes for use in colorectal ultrasonic imaging applications are developed for surgeons to diagnose and stage rectal tumors and image the rectum and anus. Here we outline a new technique and use it for colorectal imaging in an animal. This technique involves use of an ultrasound array module positioned along the axis of rotation such that improved rotation is possible. This module is in the shape of a linear rod with a rotary linear component that allows for emission of focused ultrasonic echo signals from a linear section of the probe. The usability of the transducer and rectal image quality are satisfactory in a porcine model with the technique proposed here, axial/lateral resolution as 0.96/2.24 mm with 6 dB applied through the contour map using the point spread function. When compared to currently available methods, this technique provides superior diagnostic 3D volumetric image quality with reduced acquisition time. Given this, the ultrasound device proposed here may prove a viable and preferable method to those currently available for urology and colorectal imaging applications.
Anal Canal ; Animals ; Methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Rectum ; Surgeons ; Transducers ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Urology