We aimed to develop and validate a clinical nomogram predicting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) solely using routine clinical parameters in men with refractory nonneurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A total of 750 eligible patients ≥50 years of age who had previously not responded (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] improvement <4 points) to at least three different kinds of LUTS medications (including a-blocker) for the last 6 months were evaluated as subcohorts for nomogram development (n = 570) and for split-sample validation (n = 180). BOO was defined as Abrams-Griffiths number ≥40, or 20-39.9 with a slope of linear passive urethral resistance ratio >2 cmH₂O ml^-1 s^-1. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of BOO, and b-coefficients of the final model were selected to create a clinical nomogram. The final multivariable logistic regression model showed that age, IPSS, maximum urinary flow rate, postvoid residual volume, total prostate volume, and transitional zone index were significant for predicting BOO; these candidates were used to develop the final nomogram. The discrimination performance of the nomogram was 88.3% (95% CI: 82.7%-93.0%, P < 0.001), and the nomogram was reasonably well-fitted to the ideal line of the calibration plot. Independent split-sample validation revealed 80.9% (95% CI: 75.5%-84.4%, P < 0.001) accuracy. The proposed BOO nomogram based solely on routine clinical parameters was accurate and validated properly. This nomogram may be useful in determining further treatment, primarily focused on prostatic surgery for BOO, without impeding the detection of possible BOO in men with LUTS that is refractory to empirical medications.
Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nomograms ; Prostate/pathology* ; ROC Curve ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/physiopathology* ; Urodynamics

The literature was analyzed on the improvement of motor sensory function, urination and defecation in myelitis treated with acupuncture and moxibustion and focused on the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment. The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for myelitis was collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed. The analysis included the characteristics of acupoint selection, methods of acupuncture and moxibustion, time of treatment, total treatment period, efficacy, follow-up, safety, etc. Totally, 26 articles were collected. The combined therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion was predominated (12/26, 46. 15%). For the motor and sensory impairment, the acupoints were mainly selected from the four limbs, the yangming meridians of hand and foot and those adjacent to the affected spinal segments and on the governor vessel as well as Jiaji (EX-B 2) points. For urinary impairment, the acupoints were selected mainly from the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the lumbosacral region on the bladder meridian. For the intestinal impairment, the acupoints were from the lower limb on the stomach meridian, the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the back points on the bladder meridian. The intervention started commonly in the first 3 months after onset. The total treatment period was in the range from 1 to 3 months. The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion was 69.19% to 82.56% for the improvement of motor sensory and urination, defecation function. The efficacy in follow-up was stable and the adverse reactions were not reported. It is viewed that on the basis of early diagnosis and active medication, acupuncture and moxibution achieve a certain of efficacy on the impairment of motor sensory function, urination and defecation. A clinical research is expected to further verify the efficacy.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Defecation ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Moxibustion ; Myelitis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urination

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether phenotypic modulation of bladder smooth muscle occurs in diabetic rats.

METHODSThirty-two male SD rats were randomly assigned into diabetic group and control group. Diabetic rat models were established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Nine weeks later, the bladder tissues of the rats were examined for structural changes using HE and Masson's trichrome staining , and the expressions of myocardin, α-SMA, and SMMHC in bladder smooth muscles were detected with RT-PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the diabetic rats showed obvious polydipsia and polyuria with significantly increased collagenous fibers and lowered expressions of myocardin, α-SMA, and SMMHC in the bladder tissue (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONs In rats at 9 weeks after diabetic model establishment, phenotypic transition of the bladder smooth muscles occurs to cause bladder contractile dysfunction, which may play an important role in the pathology of diabetic bladder dysfunction.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiopathology ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Phenotype ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Trans-Activators ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDBoth lower urinary tract dysfunction and urinary symptoms are prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the significance of identifying and treating urinary symptoms in MS is currently well-known, there is no information about the real prevalence and therapeutic effect of urinary symptoms in patients with MS. The purpose of this study was to analyze the major symptoms and urodynamic abnormalities, and observe the therapeutic effect in different MS characteristics.

METHODSWe enrolled 126 patients with urological dysfunction who were recruited between July 2008 and January 2015 in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University and conducted overactive bladder system score (OABSS), urodynamic investigation, and expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Changes of urinary symptoms and urodynamic parameters were investigated.

RESULTSUrgency was the predominant urinary symptom, and detrusor overactivity was the major bladder dysfunction. There was a positive correlation between EDSS and OABSS. Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) had lowest EDSS and OABSS. CIS exhibited significant improvements in OABSS, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and bladder volume at the first desire to voiding and maximum bladder volume after the treatment (P < 0.05). Relapsing-remitting MS showed significant improvements in the OABSS, Qmax, and bladder volume at the first desire to voiding, maximum bladder volume and bladder compliance after the treatment (P < 0.05). Progressive MS exhibited significant increase in the bladder volume at the first desire to voiding, the detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax), and bladder compliance after the treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUrodynamic parameters examined are important in providing an accurate diagnosis, guiding management decisions of MS. Early and effective treatment may improve the bladder function and the quality of life at the early stages of MS.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urination Disorders ; physiopathology ; Urodynamics ; physiology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and safety of phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib on cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

METHODSWe conducted a prospective randomized case-control study on 98 patients treated by TURP. After operation, the patients were randomly assigned to a treatment (n=50) and a control group (n=48), the former treated by intravenous injection of 80 mg phloroglucinol qd plus 40 mg parecoxib bid while the latter given 80 mg phloroglucinol only, both for 3 successive days. Then we recorded the frequency and duration of cystospasm, visual analogue scales (VAS), adverse reactions, post-operative bladder irrigation time, catheter-indwelling time, and hospital stay and compared them between the two groups of patients.

RESULTSCompared with the controls, the patients in the treatment group showed a significantly lower frequency of cystospasm (［1.95±0.14］ vs ［0.70±0.65］ times, P<0.01), duration of cystospasm (［0.44±0.21］ vs ［0.12±0.14］ min, P<0.01), and VAS score (2.70±1.80 vs 1.90±1.30, P<0.01) at 48－72 hours after TURP, but no statistically significant differences were found between the control and treatment groups in the post-operative bladder irrigation time (［2.75±0.87］ vs ［2.64±0.83］ d, P>0.05), catheter-indwelling time (［3.52±0.32］ vs ［3.44±0.42］ d, P>0.05), and hospital stay (［5.23±0.81］ vs ［5.10±0.73］ d, P>0.05), and no obvious adverse reactions were observed in either of the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSPhloroglucinol combined with parecoxib is more effective and safer than phloroglucinol alone in relieving postoperative cystospasm after TURP.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phloroglucinol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Spasm ; drug therapy ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; drug effects ; physiopathology

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is identified as a member of nuclear receptor family. To exert its biological action, the ligand bound GR is translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus by regulating transcriptional signals of related genes. In clinical practice, the effects of glucocorticoid are often mediated by GR signaling pathways. An increasing number of studies have indicated that GR signaling pathways play an essential role in the proliferation, invasion and prognosis of bladder cancer. Meanwhile, the new-generation selective GR activator improves its anti-tumor effects, and at the same time reduces the adverse reactions of hormones, which probably raises the prospect for the treatment of bladder cancer.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Nucleus ; genetics ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Protein Transport ; genetics ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; agonists ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; physiopathology

PURPOSE: We compared bladder and urethral functions following radical prostatectomy (RP) between men with and without urinary incontinence (UI), using a large-scale database from SNU-experts-of-urodynamics-leading (SEOUL) Study Group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since July 2004, we have prospectively collected data on urodynamics from 303 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following RP at three affiliated hospitals of SEOUL Study Group. After excluding 35 patients with neurogenic abnormality, pelvic irradiation after surgery, or a history of surgery on the lower urinary tract, 268 men were evaluated. We compared the urodynamic findings between men who had LUTS with UI (postprostatectomy incontinence [PPI] group) and those who had LUTS without UI (non-PPI group). RESULTS: The mean age at an urodynamic study was 68.2 years. Overall, a reduced bladder compliance (< or =20 mL/cmH2O) was shown in 27.2% of patients; and 31.3% patients had idiopathic detrusor overactivity. The patients in the PPI group were older (p=0.001) at an urodynamic study and had a lower maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (p<0.001), as compared with those in the non-PPI group. Bladder capacity and detrusor pressure during voiding were also significantly lower in the PPI group. In the logistic regression, only MUCP and maximum cystometric capacity were identified as the related factor with the presence of PPI. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, significant number of patients with LUTS following RP showed a reduced bladder compliance and detrusor overactivity. PPI is associated with both impairment of the urethral closuring mechanism and bladder storage dysfunction.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatectomy/*adverse effects/methods ; Urethra/*physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder/*physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive/complications ; Urinary Incontinence/*etiology/physiopathology ; Urodynamics/physiology

PURPOSE: Existing data supports a relationship between pelvic floor dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms. We developed a survival model of pelvic floor dysfunction in the rabbit and evaluated cystometric (CMG), electromyographic (EMG) and ambulatory voiding behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve female adult virgin rabbits were housed in metabolic cages to record voiding and defecation. Anesthetized CMG/EMG was performed before and after treatment animals (n=9) received bilateral tetanizing needle stimulation to the pubococcygeous (PC) muscle and controls (n=3) sham needle placement. After 7 days all animals were subjected to tetanizing transvaginal stimulation and CMG/EMG. After 5 days a final CMG/EMG was performed. RESULTS: Of rabbits that underwent needle stimulation 7 of 9 (78%) demonstrated dysfunctional CMG micturition contractions versus 6 of 12 (50%) after transvaginal stimulation. Needle stimulation of the PC musculature resulted in significant changes in: basal CMG pressure, precontraction pressure change, contraction pressure, interval between contractions and postvoid residual; with time to 3rd contraction increased from 38 to 53 minutes (p=0.008 vs. prestimulation). Vaginal noxious stimulation resulted in significant changes in: basal CMG pressure and interval between contractions; with time to 3rd contraction increased from 37 to 46 minutes (p=0.008 vs. prestimulation). Changes in cage parameters were primarily seen after direct needle stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: In a majority of animals, tetanizing electrical stimulation of the rabbit pelvic floor resulted in voiding changes suggestive of pelvic floor dysfunction as characterized by a larger bladder capacity, longer interval between contractions and prolonged contraction duration.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dystonia/*etiology ; Electric Stimulation/adverse effects/methods ; Electromyography/methods ; Female ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Pelvic Floor/*physiopathology ; Pelvic Floor Disorders/*complications/physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Urinary Bladder/physiopathology ; Urinary Retention/*etiology ; Urination/physiology ; Urine ; Vagina/*physiopathology

PURPOSE: Endoscopic treatment (ET) has become a widely accepted procedure for treating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, patients followed up after ET over long periods have reported persistent or recurrent VUR. We evaluated the natural course of failed ET in patients who required further treatments to help physicians in making decisions on the treatment of VUR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with VUR and underwent ET from January 2006 to December 2009. A total of 165 patients with 260 ureters underwent ET. We compared the parameters of the patients according to ET success or failure and evaluated the natural course of the patients after ET failure. RESULTS: Mean VUR grade and positive photon defect were higher in the failed ET group than in the successful ET group. Six months after the operation, persistent or recurrent VUR was observed in 76 ureters (29.2%), and by 16.3 months after the operation, VUR resolution was observed in 18 ureters (23.7%). Twenty-five ureters (32.9%) without complications were observed conservatively. Involuntary detrusor contraction was found in 1 of 9 (11.1%) among the secondary ET success group, whereas in the secondary ET failure group, 4 of 6 (66.7%) had accompanying involuntary detrusor contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in whom ET fails can be observed for spontaneous resolution of VUR unless they have febrile urinary tract infection or decreased renal function. Urodynamic study may be helpful in deciding whether a secondary procedure after ET failure is necessary.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cystoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth/*physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder/*physiopathology ; *Urodynamics ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/*therapy

PURPOSE: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the most common lower urinary tract symptoms in women. We analyzed age-associated changes in urodynamic parameters in women with SUI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the urodynamic study (UDS) results of patients with urodynamically proven SUI between March 2008 and July 2014. In uroflowmetry, maximal flow rate (Qmax), time to Qmax, voided volume, and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and filling cystometry data including first, strong desire to void and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) were measured. Also, Qmax and detrusor pressure at Qmax (Pdet@Qmax) of voiding cystometry data were analyzed. RESULTS: The subjects included 776 patients. Among the patients, 151 were withdrawn because of incomplete UDS data or because they met the exclusion criteria. A total of 625 patients enrolled in our study. The mean age of the population was 57.3 years. The mean Qmax, voided volume, voiding time, and PVR were 26.2 mL/s, 292.1 mL, 25.7 s, and 31.7 mL, respectively. Qmax (p=0.001) in uroflowmetry, PVR (p=0.042), first desire to void (p=0.042), Pdet@Qmax (p=0.016), and the bladder contractility index (p=0.046) were significantly different between the age groups. Qmax and Pdet@Qmax were decreased and PVR was increased significantly with age after 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Older women with SUI also have worsened voiding function with age as the results of urodynamic parameters. Specifically, detrusor contractility decreased with age after 60 years.
Aged ; *Aging ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder/*physiopathology ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/*physiopathology ; *Urodynamics