OBJECTIVE: To explore the personality portraits of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its relationship with medication adherence and the influencing factors of medication adherence. METHODS: T2DM patients from 22 community health service stations of 4 community health service centers in Tongzhou district and Shunyi district in Beijing were selected as the research objects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information. The short version of Big Five personality scale was used to collect personality information, and latent profile analysis was used to explore their personality portraits. The medication adherence was evaluated by medication adherence scale, and the difference of medication adherence among the different personality portraits was explored by analysis of variance. The influencing factors of medication adherence were explored by the ordinal Logistic regression model. RESULTS: In the study, 751 T2DM patients were included. Latent profile analysis showed that the T2DM patients in this study could be divided into four types of personality portraits, including introverted and stable type (42.7%), negative type (12.7%), anxiety type (15.3%) and active and responsible type (29.3%). Among them, 75 patients said that they did not use medicine or insulin, 5 patients were lack of data, and finally 671 patients with T2DM were included in the analysis about medication adherence. The analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in medication adherence between anxiety type (5.55±1.65) and negative type (5.94±1.53, P=0.089), but the medication adherence score of anxiety type was significantly lower than that of introverted and stable type (6.17±1.46, P=0.001) and active and responsible type (6.09±1.65, P=0.004). Anxiety type and negative type were seen as a whole in the ordinal Logistic regression model named anxiety and negative type. The results showed that compared with anxiety and negative type, the active and responsible type or introverted and stable type was the protective factor for good medication adherence (OR=1.567, 95%CI: 1.096-2.237; OR=1.774, 95%CI: 1.214-2.591), and the education level also affected the medication adherence. CONCLUSION T2DM can be classified into four types of personality portraits based on Big Five personality theory. The anxiety and negative type after the combination of anxiety type and negative type is the independent risk factor for poor medication adherence. In addition, education level is also the influencing factor of medication compliance.
Anxiety/epidemiology* ; Beijing ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Personality

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between different personality characteristics and self-management attitude such as medication, exercise and diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 4 Community Healthcare Services and 22 affiliated community stations of Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing were selected as subjects. The Chinese big five personality inventory and the self-designed scale including the attitudes of medication, exercise and diet were used in the study. RESULTS: In this study, 642 subjects were finally included, among whom the sex ratio of male and female was basically the same, 61.21% were over 61 years old. In this study, different genders had differences in neurotic personality (P<0.05), different age groups had differences in agreeableness and openness (P<0.05), different education levels had differences in openness and extraversion (P<0.05), and different income levels had differences in agreeableness, openness and extraversion (P<0.05). The linear correlation analysis of the five-factor moldel of personality traits with medication, exercise and diet attitude showed that three items of perceived disorders of medication were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.125, 0.187, 0.151, P<0.05), four items of perceived disorders of exercise were positively correlated with neurotic personality (r=0.163, 0.129, 0.119, 0.104, P<0.05), and perceived benefits of exercise were positively correlated with conscientiousness (five items, r=0.156, 0.111, 0.131, 0.104, 0.131, P<0.05), agreeableness (two items, r=0.092, 0.078, P<0.05) and extraversion (four items, r=0.079, 0.122, 0.115, 0.123, P<0.05), three items of perceived disorders of diet were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.115, 0.137, 0.108, P<0.05), and two items of were negatively correlated with conscientiousness (r=－0.126, －0.161, P<0.05) and agreeableness (r=－0.103, －0.115, P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, according to the formula combination of three groups of typical variables and canonical structure diagrams, neuroticism and agreeableness played major roles in personality traits, and items that represented "obstacles" in medication, exercise, and dietary attitudes played a major role. CONCLUSION All the five personality traits were correlated with the self-management attitude of type 2 diabetes patients, and different personality traits have an impact on the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is of great significance to understand neuroticism for improving the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, attention should be paid to the influence of psychological factors in community management of type 2 diabetes and disease self-management, and the personalized care and health education should be carried out according to the personality traits of patients.
Attitude ; Beijing ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personality ; Personality Inventory ; Quality of Life ; Self-Management

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the factors that influence dysmenorrhea. METHODS: In this study, 205 female participants were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included scales to assess general characteristics, personality type, dietary assessment, eincrease exposure toward endocrine disrupting chemicals, and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression, using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The average score for dysmenorrhea was 85.04±32.69 points. The percentage of participants belonging to the Type D Personality group was 21.0%. Type D Personality (r=0.473, p < 0.001) and increase exposure toward endocrine disrupting chemicals (r=0.532, p < 0.001) correlated moderately with the level of dysmenorrhea. The correlation between the degree of dietary assessment and the level of dysmenorrhea was weakly negative (r=−0.170, p < 0.05). The most powerful predictor of dysmenorrhea was personality type (β=0.37, p < 0.001). A combination of the following factors accounted for 27.3% of the variance in dysmenorrhea: menstrual amount, menstrual regulation, occupation, and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that when nursing assessments and interventions are performed for women with dysmenorrhea, it is necessary for nurses to take into account the personality type of the patient.
Dysmenorrhea ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Female ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing Assessment ; Occupations ; Type D Personality ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of type D personality on cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation rates and the effect of a short-term CR program. METHODS: Study participants included patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients completed the Type D personality Scale (DS-14) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at program entry. Subjects were recommended participation in 6 weeks of CR exercise training. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was conducted before and after completion of the training. CR participation refers to completion of the 6-week CR exercise program and performance of the secondary CPET. Drop-out refers to the subjects who were unable to participate in the 6-week CR exercise program or to perform the secondary CPET. RESULTS: At baseline, type D personality was evident in 21 of 63 patients (33.3%). Type D patients were more often depressed (57.1%) and anxious (38.1%) than non-type D patients (31.0% and 9.5%, respectively). At baseline, participants with type D personality showed a decreased body mass index (24.6 vs. 26.1 kg/m², p=0.025). The type D group displayed a lower CR participation rate (5/21, 23.8%) compared with the non-type D group of (22/42, 52.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed the association of type D personality with CR drop-out rate (odds ratio=3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–12.5; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Type D personality was independently associated with drop-out from CR program and with significantly higher levels of anxiety and depressive mood.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Anxiety ; Body Mass Index ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Depression ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Rehabilitation* ; Type D Personality*

INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a global prevalence of approximately 2% and significant psychiatric comorbidity. There is a great deal of existing literature assessing different aspects of psychology in psoriasis. We aimed to conduct an in-depth review of current evidence linking psoriasis to personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as factors that put these patients at risk of psychopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the PubMed database identified 1632 articles. We included articles studying psychological comorbidity in patients with psoriasis, looking especially at personality characteristics, and data linking psoriasis with increased risks of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and suicidality. In particular, we also evaluated subgroups in psoriasis found to be at risk. RESULTS: Patients with psoriasis are more likely to be alexithymic, lack body awareness and possess a Type D personality. Alcohol, but not illicit drug use, disorders are also more common in patients with psoriasis. Patient groups who are especially at risk of psychological distress include women, younger patients, patients with a younger age of disease onset, those who self-assess their psoriasis to be severe, and those with lesions on visible or sensitive areas. Adopting motivational interviewing skills and incorporating the use of learning materials during consultations have been found to be useful. CONCLUSION The knowledge of personality characteristics, "at-risk" groups, and early recognition of psychological distress among patients with psoriasis can help clinicians provide better holistic care and encourage a change in patients' behaviour.
Affective Symptoms ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Alcoholism ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Motivational Interviewing ; Personality ; Psoriasis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Type D Personality

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to examine and compare the clinical practicum stress, depression, and self-efficacy between Type D and non-Type D personality among nursing students. METHODS: This study used a descriptive correlational survey design. Subjects included a total of 120 nursing students (Type D personality: n=60, non-Type D personality: n=60) in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics, χ² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, ANCOVA, and Scheffe test as a post hoc test with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences on clinical practicum stress (t=2.81, p=.029), depression (t=6.67, p<.001), and self-efficacy (t=9.84. p<.001) between non-Type D and Type D personality among nursing students. CONCLUSION: Type D personality in nursing students had higher clinical practicum stress and depression than them of non-Type D personality in nursing students. Nursing interventions or strategies for Type D personality in nursing students are needed to decrease clinical practicum stress and depression.
Depression* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Preceptorship* ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing* ; Type D Personality*

OBJECTIVE: Although Type D personality has been associated with the prognosis of various cardiac diseases, few studies have investigated the influence of Type D personality on the cardiac and psychiatric prognoses of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were measured at baseline and 6 months. The recurrence of AF was measured during 1-year following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for AF. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests were used to compare the cumulative recurrence of AF. ACox proportional hazard model was conducted to identify factors that contribute to the recurrence of AF. RESULTS: A total of 236 patients admitted for RFCA were recruited. Patients with a Type D personality had higher levels of depression and anxiety and a poorer quality of life compared to controls. Although depression, anxiety, and quality of life had improved 6 months after RFCA, significant differences in psychiatric symptoms remained between patients with and without Type D personality. In the Cox models, the type of AF was the only factor that influenced the recurrence of AF. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Type D personality predominately influences psychological distress in patients with AF, but not the recurrence of AF.
Anxiety ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Catheter Ablation* ; Catheters* ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Methods ; Prognosis* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Type D Personality*

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, and whether the levels of self-efficacy and type A personality characteristics increase the risk of burnout in a sample of Korean female dental hygienists. Participants were 807 female dental hygienists with experience in performing customer service for one year or more in dental clinics, dental hospitals, or general hospitals in Korea. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of emotional labor on burnout, and to elucidate the additive effects of self-efficacy and type A personality on burnout. The results showed that “overload and conflict in customer service,”“emotional disharmony and hurt,” and “lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization” were positively associated with burnout. With reference to the relationship between personality traits and burnout, we found that personal traits such as self-efficacy and type A personality were significantly related to burnout, which confirmed the additive effects of self-efficacy and type A personality on burnout. These results indicate that engaging in excessive and prolonged emotional work in customer service roles is more likely to increase burnout. Additionally, an insufficient organizational supportive and protective system toward the negative consequences of emotional labor was found to accelerate burnout. The present findings also revealed that personality traits such as self-efficacy and type A personality are also important in understanding the relationship between emotional labor and burnout.
Dental Clinics ; Dental Hygienists* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Type A Personality*

OBJECTIVE: Low-income adults are considered to be a group at high risk for suicide. We sought to examine the effect of type D personality and other socio-demographic factors on suicidality in low-income, middle-aged Koreans. METHODS: In total, 306 low-income, middle-aged Koreans [age: 49.16+/-5.24 (40-59) years, 156 males, 150 females] were enrolled from the Korean National Basic Livelihood Security System. Socio-demographic data, including employment status, income, health, marital status, and educational attainment, were gathered. Beck's 19-item Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) was applied to evaluate suicidality, and the DS14 was used to assess type D personality. RESULTS: Unemployment (p<0.01) and absence of spouse (p=0.03) predicted higher SSI scores independent of other socioeconomic factors. All type D personality scores [i.e., negative affectivity (NA), social inhibition (SI), and total score] predicted higher SSI scores independent of all socioeconomic factors (all, p<0.001). Subjects with type D personality had higher SSI scores (p<0.001), and the association between suicidality and socio-demographic factors (employment or physical health) could be found only in subjects without type D personality. CONCLUSION: Type D personality was a risk factor for suicide in low-income Koreans, independently from socio-economic factors. In addition, the socio-demographic factors were less prominently associated with suicidality in those with type D personality.
Adult* ; Employment ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spouses ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Type D Personality* ; Unemployment

OBJECTIVE: Type D personality can be regarded as a promising cardiovascular risk marker that has been repeatedly linked to relevant indicators of mental health, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in cardiac patients. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technology that can provide information regarding a patient's sympathetic/parasympathetic balance and the control mechanisms of the autonomic systems in the cardiovascular system. As both type D personality and HRV are parameters related to the cardiovascular system, we assumed a relationship between type D personality and HRV. This study set out to identify the relationship between type D and HRV and the differences in HRV variables between type D and non-type D personalities. METHODS: Patients who visited Guro Community Mental Health Center from January 2011 to December 2012 were surveyed. They were evaluated using both the Korean version of the Type D Personality-14 for type D personality and HRV. During the survey, those who reported major cardiovascular disease that can affect heart rate variability were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Our analysis included 559 participants, 249 of whom were classified as type D personality. No significant differences were found in the HRV variables between the type D group and the non-type D group. There were also no clinically meaningful correlations between HRV variables and type D total/subscale scores when controlled for patient age. CONCLUSION: A relationship between HRV and type D personality was not identified using short-term HRV measurements in non-clinical patients with no definitive cardiovascular disease. Further studies using long-term HRV measurements in patients with cardiovascular disease are necessary to conclude an association between HRV and type D personality.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cardiovascular System ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Mortality ; Quality of Life ; Type D Personality*