BACKGROUND: Most Chinese migrants have been faced with obstacles to getting access to local public health services. Young migrants among internal migrants make a major contribution to the economy. However, the establishment of their health records has been ignored. This research was aimed at exploring the status and associated factors of the establishment of health records among young Chinese migrants. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed to investigate the associated factors of the establishment of health records among young Chinese migrants. RESULTS: Approximately 30.2% of young migrants had their health records established in inflow communities. Urban residence, medical insurance (insured), and lower average monthly household income were attributed to the establishment of more health records. Young migrants who were in northeast China and across provinces and immigrated for working or engaging in trade were less likely to have health records established. Young migrants who participated in social activities and public affairs activities and took type of people in touch as natives in the inflow area showed a higher possibility of establishing health records. Meanwhile, receiving health education and hearing about national basic public health services (BPHSs) were beneficial for establishing the health records of more young migrants. CONCLUSION This study showed that the health records of young migrants had a relatively low establishment rate. Sociodemographic and migration characteristics, health status, public health services, and social integration factors were all related to the health record establishment of young Chinese migrants.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Health Records, Personal ; Humans ; Male ; Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data* ; Young Adult

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnic Groups ; Farmers ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Transients and Migrants ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

We sought to identify the differences between adolescents left behind in their home villages/towns (LBA) and non-left behind adolescents (NLB) on subjective well-being and family functioning due to parental migration in south China. We used a stratified cluster sampling method to recruit middle school students in a city experiencing population-emigration in Jiangxi Province in 2010. Participants included adolescents from families with: (1) one migrant parent, (2) both parents who migrated, or (3) non-left behind adolescents (i.e., no migrant parent). To determine predictors of subjective well-being, we used structural equation models. Adolescents left behind by both parents (LBB) were less likely to express life satisfaction (P = 0.038) in terms of their environments (P = 0.011) compared with NLB. A parent or parents who migrated predicts lower subjective well-being of adolescents (P = 0.051) and also lower academic performance. Being apart from their parents may affect family functioning negatively from an adolescent's viewpoint. Given the hundreds of millions of persons in China, many who are parents, migrating for work, there may be mental health challenges in some of the adolescents left behind.
Adolescent ; Aging ; China ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Rural Population ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants

Objective: To understand the related risk behaviors, knowledge and status of HIV/AIDS infection among rural adults of Derung minority, to provide relevant messages for the development of HIV/AIDS intervention strategy in this minority group. Methods: We used system sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional survey in 6 administration villages of Derung Township, Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, with a sample size estimated as 383. Adult residents with Derung minority in six villages of Gongshan County were involved, with relevant information collected through door-to-door visit. HIV antibody was tested and SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Information on 394 valid respondents was collected, with age as between 18 and 65 (34.39±9.74), 80.7% (318/394) as married, 54.0% (213/394) having had primary school education, 13.2% (52/394) as migrant workers. In this population, the overall HIV infection rate appeared as 0.5% (2/400), mainly through sexually transmission. The rate of awareness on HIV/AIDS was 69.8% (275/394), mainly through free publicized materials 50.0% (197/394). Rates on premarital sexual behavior on multiple sexual partners in the past year, on temporary sexual partners in the past year, having commercial sexual experiences in the past year and ever used condoms when engaging in casual sex, were 6.4% (60/366), 18.0%(66/366), 5.7%(21/366), 1.9%(7/366) and 8.0%(25/311), respectively. Conclusions: Few numbers of HIV infections were identified among the migrating workers with Derung minority, with sexual transmission as the major route, along with the increased number of rural migrant workers and the low rates both on AIDS knowledge and condom use, accompanied by the high risk sexual behavior appeared in this rural adult residents of Derung minority. Relative strategies on HIV/AIDS intervention and control should be developed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Condoms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Infections ; Risk-Taking ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants

Objective: To understand the current status of national free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and influencing factors in China. Methods: Descriptive and trend test analyses were performed to evaluate the historical characteristics and trends of main descriptive indicators on national free antiretroviral therapy for the interprovincial migrating PLWHA by using the data collected from National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Information System from 2011 to 2015. Logistic regression model was used to explore the main factors that influencing the coverage of national free antiretroviral therapy among the interprovincial migrating PLWHA in China. Results: The proportion of interprovincial migrating PLWHA gradually increased in last 5 years from 7.1% (17 784/250 645) in 2011 to 10.3% (54 596/528 226) in 2015 (Z=51.38, P<0.000 1) in China. The coverage rate of free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating PLWHA increased from 37.3% (6 641/17 784) in 2011 to 71.0% (38 783/54 596) in 2015, showing a significant rising tendency (Z=96.23, P<0.000 1), but it was slightly lower than that in non-interprovincial migrating PLWHA in 2015 (71.5%, 338 654/473 630). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the PLWHA who were females, aged ≥50 years, of Han ethnic group, married or had spouse, had the educational level of high school or above, infected through homosexual intercourse, with CD(4)(+)T cells counts ≤500 cells/μl at the first visit, identified to be infected with HIV in medical setting, living in urban areas et al, were more likely to receive free antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: The coverage rate of free antiretroviral therapy varied among the interprovincial migrating PLWHA with different characteristics. It is still necessary to take effective measures to further increase the coverage of free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating PLWHA and to include the free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating PLWHA into standardized management system as soon as possible.
Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data*

BACKGROUNDMigrations have been reported to be associated with the high risk of tuberculosis (TB), but there is no systematic analysis of the available data for TB among migrant in China. The aim of this study was to examine the notification rate of active and sputum smear-positive TB by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODSA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to examine the notification rate of active and sputum smear-positive TB among migrants in China. Two reviewers searched the cross-sectional studies published in PubMed, EMBASE, SciFinder, and Web of Science in English and in CNKI and Wanfang databases in Chinese. Pooled estimates of notification rate of TB among migrants were calculated using a random effects model. Meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis stratified by year, region were also performed.

RESULTSSeventy eligible studies met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. The overall notification rate of active TB and sputum smear-positive cases among migrants were 53.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.32-59.63) and 24.53 (95% CI: 22.01-27.34) per 100,000 populations, respectively. The notification rate of active TB significantly increased from 50.95 (95% CI: 41.11-63.14) per 100,000 populations in 2005 to 84.62 (95% CI: 78.00-91.80) per 100,000 populations in 2014 while that of smear-positive TB was constant during the study time (P = 0.79). The geographic difference was identified both for active and sputum smear-positive TB, with the higher notification rates mainly distributing along the eastern coastal areas.

CONCLUSIONSThe pooled estimate of active TB and sputum smear-positive TB among migrants was lower than the national notification rate among general population, but the gap between our data and national notification rate among general population is narrowed down during 2005-2014.

China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Transients and Migrants ; statistics & numerical data ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology

Reproductive health (RH) education and services of female migrants in China have become an important health issue. This research aimed to investigate the RH knowledge and utilization among married female migrants, and to explore the influencing factors from the perspectives of population and sociology. We conducted a cross-section survey in Shenzhen and Wuhan, China, using the purposive sampling method. A total of 1021 rural-to-urban married migrants were recruited, with 997 valid survey results obtained. A face-to-face structured questionnaire survey was used, with primary focus on knowledge of fertility, contraception, family planning policy and sexual transmitted diseases/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (STD/AIDs), and RH service utilization. The results showed that the RH service utilization (38.0%) was at a low level in married migrants and the accessibility of RH service was poor. Females who migrated to (OR=0.32) Wuhan obtained fewer RH consultations than those in Shenzhen. The workers with high school education received additional RH consultations and checkup services than those with other background education, apart from the white collar workers who received extra RH consultations and checkup services than the blue collar workers (P<0.05). We can draw a conclusion that the utilization of RH services in married female migrants remains at a low level in China. RH service utilization can be improved via the relevant health departments by enhancing the responsibility of maternal and health care in the community health service center.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Cities ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Reproductive Health Services ; utilization ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spouses ; statistics & numerical data ; Transients and Migrants ; statistics & numerical data

Childhood risky behaviors always result in adverse health outcomes. These behaviors are greatly affected by social environment and individual factors. However, few studies explored the social determinants of schoolchildren's health behaviors. In this cross-sectional study, the social determinants of health behaviors were examined among both migrant and resident students in Beijing, China. Data of 967 children from six urban and suburban primary schools were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that less than 60% of children performed some healthy behaviors, although their health knowledge was generally good. Children's health behavior scores were greatly determined by school characteristics, health knowledge, demographic characteristics, and family context. Therefore, improving health education and conditions in primary schools is the priority to promote children's healthy behaviors, especially for disadvantaged children.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Cities ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Transients and Migrants ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo estimate the relationship between migration and HIV risky behavior when controlling for gender, age, and educational levels and to evaluate the gender differences in migration, HIV knowledge, and HIV risky behaviors among rural youth in China.

METHODSA cross-sectional, anonymous, investigative questionnaire for 1710 unmarried, out-of-school rural youth, aged between 15 and 24 years, was handed out in Gongzhuling county of Jilin province, China.

RESULTS58.5% of participants had a history of migration, irrespective of gender. There were gender differences observed in other factors such as drug abuse (4.3% for males and 5.5% for females, P<0.01), multiple sexual partners (24.1% for males and 44.1% for females, P<0.01), and HIV knowledge rate (35.2% for males and 25.5% for females, P<0.001). While controlling for gender, age, and educational levels, the relationships between migration and drug abuse, selling sex, and non usage of condoms during last instance of sexual activity were found to be significant. The cases of premarital sex and multiple sexual partners were both not found to be related to migration.

CONCLUSIONAmong rural youth, the HIV risky behavior such as drug abuse, selling sex, and lack of condom use, is significantly related to migration, while premarital sex and multiple sexual partners seem unrelated to migration.

Adolescent ; China ; epidemiology ; Condoms ; utilization ; Female ; HIV Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Human Migration ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Sex Work ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Unsafe Sex ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEIn China, the coverage rate of work injury insurance was 23.2%in 2011, which was far lower than expected. The factors affecting the insurance's enrollment has very little known. This paper aims to study the existing coverage of work injury insurance scheme and its influencing factors.

METHODSThe data were collected from 2 836 workers who came from 9 industries in three cities of Zhejiang province using face-to-face questionnaire interview.

RESULTSOf these 2836 workers, the work injury insurance coverage was 50.1%, and 29.6% were not sure if they were covered or not. The results showed that the awareness of occupational disease and industrial injury insurance was helpful in increasing the coverage rate. Besides, the logistic regression analysis showed that in certain circumstances working population shared higher coverage of work injury insurance. For examples, male workers with local household registration and longer working years; people who had been informed about occupational risk factors, and thus gained more training on the issue; people who had exposed to occupational hazards or involved in administrative duties; and people who had already insured by a medical insurance scheme. In the contrary, the heavier family burden with longer working hours per week they needed, the lower possibility they joined the insurance scheme.

CONCLUSIONSThe coverage of work injury insurance is higher than native average level but much lower than the average international level. The awareness of occupational disease and injury insurance was closely associated with the coverage of work injury insurance. Therefore, it is imperative to popularize the knowledge on OHS for migrant workers, as well as to reinforce the supervision and management of the issue would have been an effective way to elevate the coverage rate of work injury insurance.

China ; Cities ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants