Objective To systematically summarize the animal models of acquired heterotopic ossification (AHO), and provide reliable modeling methods for the study of disease prevention and treatment programs.Methods Literatures about the animal models of AHO were researched from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Database till November, 2021. The important contents of the literatures were extracted, and the animal models of various types of AHO were evaluated and analyzed by literature induction.Results A total of 20 literatures related to animal experiments were included, which could be divided into two types: post-traumatic and neurogenic heterotopic ossification animal models, which were used to simulate the occurrence and development of AHO. Currently, seven different animal models were commonly used to study post-traumatic heterotopic ossification, such as muscle injury, achilles tenotomy, muscle injury combined with joint immobilization, hip injury, heterotopic implantation, blast injury and burn. The studies of neurogenic heterotopic ossification animal models mainly included spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. At present, the methods of achilles tenotomy and osteogenic factor implantation were commonly used in the laboratory, and with the advantages of reliability, feasibility and high success rate; however, they could not accurately explain the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification under complicated clinical conditions. Therefore, the improvement of modeling methods based on explosion injury, burn, nerve injury and other conditions became the basis for clinical research of molecular biological mechanism, prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification.Conclusion Current modeling methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, but none of them can completely replicate all the characteristics of human heterotopic ossification. Therefore, there is no unified standard in the selection of animal model in clinic. According to different etiology of the disease, the selection of appropriate animal models is crucial to study effective intervention for different types of AHO in the early stage.

Objective The cyst excision is considered as priority management of the female paraurethral cyst.The purpose of this present study was to explore the feasibility and safety of the two-step excision with treatment for the female paraurethral cyst.Methods Twenty eight consecutive women with paraurethral cyst underwent paraurethral cyst removal were enrolled retrospectively in this study from October 1,2005 to August 12,2008 in Urology Department of West China Hospital.Results All cases were followedup from 6 months to 2 years,no recurrence occurred.No complications such as urethral stricture and urethralvaginal fistula were found.Conclusions The 2-step excision is the reference technique for cure of female paraurethral cyst.Urethra injury was avoided efficiently,because anatomical relationship between cyst and urethra could be clearer when the technique of 2-step excision was applied.

Objective To study the changes of mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the rat brain exposed to repeated +Gz. Method The mRNA expression levels of HSP70 in rat brain were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Result The HSP70 mRNA expression levels in rat brains taken 30 min and 6 h after repeated +Gz exposures were significantly higher than those in control group, while the difference between the levels of control group and those of experimental rat brains taken 24 h after +Gz exposure was not significant. Conclusion It is suggested that HSP70 mRNA expression in rat brain can be induced by repeated +Gz exposures and the increased HSP70 mRNA expression may play an important role in self-protection against brain damage induced by+Gz exposures.