Objective: To investigate the association between screen time (ST) during leisure time and anxiety-depression symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for formulating relevant intervention measures. Methods: From November to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 542 students from junior and senior high school in Taiyuan City. A self designed questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to investigate ST and anxiety/depression symptoms among middle school students. The Logistic regression model was used to explore the association of ST with symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as with anxiety and depression comorbiditles (CAD). Results: The detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and CAD were 13.69%, 15.77%, and 10.11%, respectively. The median ST was 2.00 h/d [interquartile range ( IQR =2.38) for weekly averages], with 0.33 h/d ( IQR =1.67) on work days and 5.00 h/d ( IQR=5.50) on rest days. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the total ST of mobile phones during rest days ( OR =1.07, 1.10, 1.11) and the averages ST of mobile phones over a week ( OR = 1.20 , 1.22, 1.29), as well as the total ST of all screen types during rest days ( OR =1.04, 1.04, 1.05) and the averages ST of all screen types over a week ( OR =1.08, 1.09, 1.21) were positively correlated with anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and CAD (all P <0.01). Conclusions Among middle school students in Taiyuan City, screen time is positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety or depression and the comorbidity of anxiety and depression, especially smartphone screen time and weekend screen use. Therefore, measures should be implemented to reduce unnecessary screen time among middle school students, especially the use of mobile phones, in order to mitigate the occurrence of anxiety and depression.

With the widespread application of diving technology, the safety of long-term diving has become a research focus. Research on the chronic health effects of long-term diving on divers mainly focuses on the respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, urinary system, as well as psychological health and sleep. Long-term diving can lead to increased lung capacity, thickening of nasal mucosa, myocardial hypertrophy, changes in heart rhythm, and hearing loss in divers. The impact of long-term diving on health is influenced by diving exposure index such as diving mode, maximum diving depth, underwater stay time, diving frequency, and number of dives, as well as individual factors such as years of diving experience, age, and medical history of divers. However, research on the effects of diving on health are inconsistent, and the potential mechanisms of health damage are unclear. Future large-scale research should be conducted under strict experimental conditions and with standardized inclusion criteria for subjects. Establishing a scientific and systematic assessment method for decompression is crucial for studying the chronic health effects of divers and enhancing understanding of relevant mechanisms to promote the development of diving industry and sport.

Objective:To summarize the clinical manifestations and prognostic factors of patients with hepatic amyloidosis in a single center.Methods:The clinical data of 28 primary systemic light chain amyloidosis cases with liver involvement in our center from October 2012 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The main clinical manifestations and prognostic factors were studied. Statistical analysis were performed using the χ 2 test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank test, or Kaplan-Meier survival curve log-rank test according to the different data. Results:The main clinical manifestations of patients with liver involvement were abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, and edema. CD56 and chemokine receptor 4 protein expression accounted for 52% (13/25) and 56% (14/25). 64.3% (9/14) patients were combined with t (11,14), and 21.4% (3/14) patients were positive for 1q21 (+), and no patients were detected with del(17p). Univariate analysis showed that Mayo 2004 and 2012 stages and total bilirubin (TBil) ≥34.2 μmol/L were associated with progression-free survival and overall survival. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly inferior in patients with TBil≥34.2μmol/L group (0.178 years, 0.195 years) than with the TBil<34.2μmol/L group (0.750 years, 3.586 years) ( P ?

AIM:This study aimed to investigate the effects of sinomenine hydrochloride(SIN)on the ultra-structure of renal tissue and the expression of interferon gene-stimulating factor in db/db mice.METHODS:Sixteen 12-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into two groups:a model group and a sinomenine hydrochloride(SIN)group,each consisting of 8 mice.An additional 8 wild-type(WT)mice served as the normal control group.The sinome-nine hydrochloride group was administered the treatment for 8 weeks,followed by a 20-week observation period,while the normal and model groups received an equal volume of saline via gavage.Weekly measurements were taken for body weight and fasting blood glucose.Serum creatinine(SCr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels were assessed,and 24-hour uri-nary microalbumin(ALB)levels,as well as serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necro-sis factor-α(TNF-α),were determined using ELISA.Pathological changes in renal tissue were evaluated through hema-toxylin-eosin(HE)staining,while ultrastructural alterations were examined using transmission electron microscopy.Im-munohistochemistry and Western blotting were employed to assess STING protein expression in renal tissue,and STING mRNA expression was quantified via RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Compared to the normal group,the model group exhibited significant increases in BUN,ALB,and SCr levels(P<0.01),alongside elevated inflammatory markers IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.01).Notable pathological changes included leukocyte wall thickening in capillaries,inflammatory cell infiltration,increased mesangial matrix,disorganized and linear alignment of podocytes,and thickening of the basement membrane.Moreover,STING protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01).In contrast,the sinomenine hydrochloride group demonstrated significantly reduced levels of renal function markers(BUN,ALB and SCr)compared to the model group(P<0.01),as well as decreased concentrations of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.01).Improvements in renal histopathology included decreased leukocyte wall thickening,reduced inflam-matory cell presence,diminished mesangial matrix,and a significant reduction in foot process fusion,alongside thinner basement membranes.Both STING protein and mRNA expression levels were also significantly lower(P<0.01).CON-CLUSION:Sinomenine hydrochloride effectively mitigates renal tissue injury,improves ultrastructural alterations,and inhibits inflammatory responses in db/db mice.Its mechanism of action appears closely linked to the downregulation of STING protein and mRNA expression.

The aim of this study is to establish a simple and accurate method for vaccine immune e-valuation of porcine pseudorabies virus.In this research,PRV-gD recombinant protein was ex-pressed from mammalian cell HEK-293F as coating antigen,and then the reaction conditions of gD-iELISA were optimized according to checkerboard titration method.The gD-iELISA was used to detect the antibody levels of 211 clinical pig serum samples and the consistency with the neu-tralizing antibody levels wasanalyzed.The results showed that the antigen coating concentration was 0.90 mg/L;the serum to be detected was diluted 1∶100 and incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 min;goat anti-pig IgG-HRP antibody was diluted 1∶55 000 and incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 min;TMB sub-strate was developed at 37 ℃ for 20 min.The method could detect 1∶6 400 diluted PRV positive serum.The results of CSFV,PRRSV,PCV-2,PEDV and FMDV positive sera were all negative by gD-iELISA,and there was no cross-reaction between the method and the above positive sera.The coincidence rate of gD-iELISA and commercial kits was 95.26％,and the intra-and inter-batch co-efficients of variation were both less than 10％.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient(r)between gD antibody level and neutralizing antibody level was significantly greater than that of gB antibody level,and the gD antibody level had a good linear relationship with the neutralizing antibody level.The results indicated that gD-iELISA was more suitable for vaccine im-mune evaluation of PRV than gB-iELISA.Therefore,the method will have a good prospect of ap-plication in the immunization control of the PRV.

Prostate cancer is currently one of the most common malignancies that endanger the lives and health of elderly men. In recent years, immunotherapy, which exploits the activation of anti-cancer host immune cells to accomplish tumor-killing effects, has emerged as a new study avenue in the treatment of prostate cancer. As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precision treatment of malignant tumors. Monocyte cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, viral vaccines, peptide vaccines, and DNA/mRNA vaccines are the most often used prostate cancer vaccines. Among them, Sipuleucel-T, as a monocyte cell-based cancer vaccine, is the only FDA-approved therapeutic vaccine for prostate cancer, and has a unique position and role in advancing the development of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. However, due to its own limitations, Sipuleucel-T has not been widely adopted. Meanwhile, owing to the complexity of immunotherapy and the specificity of prostate cancer, the remaining prostate cancer vaccines have not shown good clinical benefit in large randomized phase II and phase III trials, and further in-depth studies are still needed.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; Immunotherapy ; Prostate/pathology* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Tissue Extracts/therapeutic use*

Objective To investigate changes in gait level of patients after hip replacement, the variation trend of bone mineral density (BMD) around the prothesis was studied, so as to reveal the influence pattern of gait level at postoperative initial and long-term stages on bone reomodeling. Methods Based on adaptive bone remodeling theory, the finite element model of femer-prosthesis was developed. The BMD distribution was calculated using the initial and long-term gait level after hip replacement as the remodeling parameters. Gruen method was applied to quantify the BMD changes. Results At the postoperative initial stage, obvious variations existed in constant gait group and changing gait group. The maximum difference occurred in low gait group, resulting in the decrease of BMD by 41% in greater trochanter region. The improvement of gait level would promote the enhancement of BMD in proximal and middle region of the prosthesis, resulting in the increase of BMD by 47%. Long-term gait recovery would promote BMD recovery in middle and end region of prosthesis, with BMD increase by 2%-9%. Conclusions The research findings provide guidance for rehabilitation process of patients after hip replacement.

Objective To visualize and analyze the literature related to immunotherapy for prostate cancer published in the past 20 years through bibliometric analysis, and to explore the research progress and cutting-edge trends in this field. Methods The Web of Science core collection database was searched for literature related to immunotherapy for prostate cancer published from 2002 to 2021. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to visualize and analyze the data and map the evolution of hotspots. Results There were 2 326 papers were finally included after excluding irrelevant studies. The field of immunotherapy for prostate cancer is in a rapid development stage; the United States has a great influence and China has a significant latecomer advantage; the National Cancer Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and University of California, San Francisco are the main research institutions; American authors Gulley JL, Schlom J and Japanese author Itoh K have the highest number of publications. Currently, the main research hotspot is immune checkpoint inhibitors, and high-quality clinical trials are continuing to drive this process forward. Conclusion The exploration of novel immune pathways and the combination of different therapies will be the main trend of future research in immunotherapy for prostate cancer.

Although genome-wide association studies have identified more than eighty genetic variants associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk, biological mechanisms of these variants remain largely unknown. By integrating a large-scale genotype data of 15 581 lung adenocarcinoma (AD) cases, 8350 squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cases, and 27 355 controls, as well as multiple transcriptome and epigenomic databases, we conducted histology-specific meta-analyses and functional annotations of both reported and novel susceptibility variants. We identified 3064 credible risk variants for NSCLC, which were overrepresented in enhancer-like and promoter-like histone modification peaks as well as DNase I hypersensitive sites. Transcription factor enrichment analysis revealed that USF1 was AD-specific while CREB1 was SqCC-specific. Functional annotation and gene-based analysis implicated 894 target genes, including 274 specifics for AD and 123 for SqCC, which were overrepresented in somatic driver genes (ER = 1.95, P = 0.005). Pathway enrichment analysis and Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that AD genes were primarily involved in immune-related pathways, while SqCC genes were homologous recombination deficiency related. Our results illustrate the molecular basis of both well-studied and new susceptibility loci of NSCLC, providing not only novel insights into the genetic heterogeneity between AD and SqCC but also a set of plausible gene targets for post-GWAS functional experiments.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of severe infections. From a cohort including 3060 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 109 (3.4%) cancer patients were included in this study. Among them, 23 (21.1%) patients died in the hospital. Cancer patients, especially those with hematological malignancies (41.6%), urinary carcinoma (35.7%), malignancies of the digestive system (33.3%), gynecological malignancies (20%), and lung cancer (14.3%), had a much higher mortality than patients without cancer. A total of 19 (17.4%) cancer patients were infected in the hospital. The clinical characteristics of deceased cancer patients were compared with those of recovered cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that a Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS2002) score ⩾ 3 (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 11.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.60-26.32; P < 0.001), high-risk type (adjusted HR 18.81; 95% CI 4.21-83.93; P < 0.001), tumor stage IV (adjusted HR 4.26; 95% CI 2.34-7.75; P < 0.001), and recent adjuvant therapy (< 1 month) (adjusted HR 3.16; 95% CI 1.75-5.70; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjusting for age, comorbidities, D-dimer, and lymphocyte count. In conclusion, cancer patients showed a higher risk of COVID-19 infection with a poorer prognosis than patients without cancer. Cancer patients with high-risk tumor, NRS2002 score ⩾ 3, advanced tumor stage, and recent adjuvant therapy (< 1 month) may have high risk of mortality.
COVID-19 ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2