Objective: To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of tobacco dependence among the population aged 15-69 in Tianjin to provide the basis for formulating targeted smoking control intervention policies and carrying out scientific smoking cessation intervention services. Methods: The data of this study comes from the 2018 Tianjin residents' health literacy monitoring survey. Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is adopted for sampling. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data cleaning and statistical analysis, and χ² test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: A total of 14 641 subjects aged 15-69 were included in this study. After standardized, with a smoking rate of 25.5%, including 45.5% for men and 5.2% for women. Among the population aged 15-69, the prevalence of tobacco dependence was 10.7%; among current smokers, the prevalence rate of tobacco dependence is 40.1%, of which the prevalence rate of male tobacco dependence is 40.0%, and the prevalence rate of female tobacco dependence is 40.6%. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, people who live in rural areas, have an education level of primary school or below, smoke every day, smoke the first cigarette ≤15 years old, smoke ≥21 cigarettes per day, and smoke for more than 20 packet years, people who report poor physical health are more likely to suffer from tobacco dependence (all P<0.05); age and smoking age did not affect the possibility of tobacco dependence (all P>0.05). Among current smokers, there was no significant difference in their willingness to quit smoking whether they had tobacco dependence (P>0.05). The proportion of people with tobacco dependence who have tried to quit smoking and failed is higher (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco dependence among smokers aged 15-69 in Tianjin is high, and the demand for quitting smoking is great. Therefore, smoking cessation publicity should be carried out for key groups, and smoking cessation intervention work in Tianjin should be continuously promoted.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Smokers ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Tobacco Smoking ; Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology* ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Objective: To analyze the changes in tobacco use and exposure in primary school students in Shandong province in 2012 and 2019. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in the survey. In 2012 and 2019, 5 861 and 4 021 students from 3 different cities of Shandong province were selected as the study population. The questionnaire was filled anonymously by the subjects. χ² test was conducted to compare the difference of groups. Results: In 2012 and 2019, the rate of attempting smoking among pupils under this study in Shandong province were 6.0％and 6.3%, respectively, while the current smoking rate were 1.2％and 2.3%, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female students attempting to smoke was 2.56∶1 in 2012 and 1.31∶1 in 2019. The sex ratio of current smoking rate was 2.43∶1 and 2.00∶1, respectively in 2012 and in 2019. The rate of tobacco exposure in the public places was 50.5％and 41.4%, respectively. The rate of tobacco exposure in family was 49.7% and 46.4%, respectively. Two rates of tobacco exposure decreased, but the reduction in family (3.3%) was far less than that in public places (9.1%). In 2019, the rate of tobacco exposure in family was higher than that in public places. Conclusions: The tobacco exposure rate declined in senior pupils in Shandong province. However, the situation is still grim for the current smoking rate, growth trend of girls tobacco use, and tobacco exposure in family.
Cities ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Tobacco Use/epidemiology*

BACKGROUND: Tobacco consumption causes almost 638,000 premature deaths per year in India. This study sought to examine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among men in India. METHODS: We analyzed data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey in India. These nationally representative cross-sectional sample data were collected from January 20, 2015, to December 4, 2016. A total of 112,122 men aged 15-54 years were included in this study. Primary outcomes were tobacco use categorized into smoking, smokeless, any tobacco, and both smoked and smokeless tobacco use. Complex survey design and sampling weights were applied in both the descriptive analyses and logistic regression models. We present the findings using odds ratios. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use among men in India for the studied period was 45.5% (95% CI 44.9-46.1), smoking was 24.6% (95% CI 24.1-25.1), smokeless tobacco use was 29.1% (95% CI 28.6-29.6), and both smoked and smokeless tobacco use was 8.4% (95% CI 8.1-8.7). The prevalence of tobacco use among men was higher among the elderly, separated/divorced/widowed individuals, those with lower education and wealth status, alcohol consumers, manual workers, and residents of the northeast region. Multivariate analysis showed that age, lower education, occupation, region, alcohol consumption, separated/divorced/widowed status, and economic status were substantially associated with tobacco use among Indian men. CONCLUSIONS Innovative and cost-effective strategies targeting high-risk groups are crucial to curbing the tobacco epidemic in India. Anti-smoking campaigns should also focus on mitigating alcohol abuse. Reducing tobacco marketing and implementing formal education about the dangers of tobacco use, progressive taxing, packaging, and labeling of tobacco products and price strategies should be harmonized in legal provisions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; India/epidemiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tobacco Use/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association between nicotine dependence and depressive mood in patients who visited a secondary hospital for smoking cessation treatment.METHODS: From March 2016 to February 2017, a total of 48 patients who visited the smoking cessation clinic of a secondary hospital in Seoul were surveyed through questionnaires. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive mood.RESULTS: The mean BDI score was positively associated with nicotine dependence (P=0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, increasing BDI was associated with higher odds (1.21, 95% confidence interval; 1.02–1.44) of high nicotine dependence after adjusting for all confounding variables.CONCLUSION: Depressive mood was positively associated with nicotine dependence among patients who visited a smoking cessation clinic. Consideration of depressive mood in smoking cessation treatment may be helpful for smoking cessation among patients with a willingness to quit smoking.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Depression ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nicotine ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVES: Considering the increase in the non-communicable diseases associated with tobacco use in recent decades in Iran, it is necessary to have a general view of the current condition. This study aimed to identify factors associated with tobacco use and to estimate the probability of a 5-year transition in the stages of tobacco use in an adult population. METHODS: In this study, 5190 people in the 40-64-year-old population of Shahroud (North East of Iran) were interviewed in 2009 and 2014 on tobacco smoking. The association of independent variables with tobacco smoking was evaluated using the population-averaged logit model. We calculated smoking transition probabilities from non-smoking to current smoking and past-smoking stages during a 5-year span. RESULTS: The prevalence of current tobacco smoking in 40-69-years age group was 11.1% (95% CI 10.3-12.0), 1% among women (95% CI 0.8-1.3) and 25.6% among men (95% CI 23.7-27.6). During this 5-year period, the probability of transition of a non-smoker to an overall current tobacco smoker was 2.3%. Meanwhile, 18.5% of the overall current tobacco smokers had changed into past smokers. Unemployed (OR = 2), male gender (OR = 53.9), widow/widowers (OR = 5.4), divorces (OR = 3.3), and high economic status (OR = 1.2) are associated to tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the other studies, the prevalence of tobacco use in this population is low but transition rate of non-smokers into current smokers or past smokers is high. Conducting interventions on determinants of starting and quitting smoking and education and awareness raising on the risk and harms of smoking seems necessary.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors ; Tobacco Use ; epidemiology

Objective: To understand the rate on tobacco use and associated factors in junior middle school students in Shaanxi province. Methods: We used a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to select students from 30 junior middle schools in 10 areas of Shaanxi province in 2013. All the participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 4 633 questionnaires were dispatched and 4 298 were qualified for further analysis. The current smoking rate of junior middle school students in Shaanxi was 6.5%, with rate in male (11.1%) higher than that of female students (1.7%). The current smoking rate of students in grade three (9.3%) was higher than those of students in grade one (3.5%) or in grade two (7.0%). The smoking rate of students with pocket money more than 31 Yuan per week was (10.0%) higher than those of students with pocket money less than 10 Yuan (4.6%) or 10-30 Yuan (6.3%) per week. Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that factors as: male, school located in the city, older age, with more pocket money, having smokers in the family and exposure to second hand smoking were high risk factors for current smoking. Conclusion: Rate on current smoking was high in junior middle schools students in Shaanxi, suggesting that comprehensive intervention programs be developed to reduce the rate of tobacco use in junior middle school students.
China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Schools ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Students/statistics & numerical data* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects* ; Tobacco Use/epidemiology*

INTRODUCTIONThis study assessed occupational differences in the prevalence of mental and physical disorders in an employed general population sample in Singapore and investigated the impact of these disorders on work productivity losses in terms of work-loss days and work-cutback days. The association of occupation with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and nicotine dependence (ND) was also investigated.

MATERIALS AND METHODSData from a population-based mental health survey of a representative sample of multi-ethnic residents aged 18 years and above were used. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to establish the lifetime diagnosis of key mental disorders. Self-report on sociodemographic characteristics, productivity loss, ND, and lifetime physical conditions were obtained. Nine occupational groups were included in this analysis.

RESULTSThe sample comprised 4361 participants with a mean (SD) age of 42.2 (11.9) years, ranging between 19 to 80 years. 'Associate professionals and technicians' (26.2%), 'Services and sales workers' (17.7%) and 'Professionals' (15.4%) were the 3 predominant occupational categories. Sociodemographic characteristics differed significantly across occupations (P <0.001). The lifetime prevalences of having 'any mental disorder' and 'any physical disorder' were 13.0% and 37.9%, respectively; major depressive disorder was the most prevalent mental disorder (5.9%) and hypertension was the most common physical disorder (15.6%). There were no significant differences in work productivity loss across occupations. Sociodemographic and occupational correlates for AUD and ND were identified.

CONCLUSIONSociodemographic and health disparities exist in the major occupational categories in Singapore. The strength of the associations between occupation and AUD and ND are significant, indicating the need for preventative measures in select occupations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol-Related Disorders ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo review the current evidence that links smoking to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to discuss some potential mechanisms proposed for these links.

DATA SOURCESWe searched PubMed and Medline to identify studies investigating the interaction between smoking and OSA.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles regarding the relationship between smoking and OSA were selected. Studies considered smoking as a confounding factor were excluded.

RESULTSThe association of smoking and OSA has been confirmed in several studies. The effects of smoking on the pathophysiology of OSA may include smoking-induced upper airway inflammation, stimulant effects of nicotine on upper airway muscles, and a "rebound effect" due to nightly short-term nicotine withdrawal, or all of the above. In addition, the coexistence of OSA and smoking may have more widespread implications for cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with OSA. Finally, OSA might be responsible for the addiction to nicotine.

CONCLUSIONSSmoking may act as a risk factor for OSA and join with OSA in a common pathway to increase the risk of systematic injury. OSA, in turn, may be a predisposing factor for smoking. Thus, smoking cessation is recommended when considering treatment for OSA, and treating OSA may be a necessary precondition for successful smoking cessation.

Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Bronchi ; drug effects ; Humans ; Nicotine ; pharmacology ; Risk Factors ; Sleep ; physiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; epidemiology ; etiology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the level of awareness of the hazards of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke inhalation among adults in China.

METHODSHousehold surveys were conducted with a total of 13,354 respondents aged 15 years or over from 100 counties of 28 Chinese provinces using a stratified multi-stage geographically clustered sample design.

RESULTSThe findings revealed that 81.8% of the population was aware that smoking causes serious diseases, and 27.2% and 38.7% were aware that smoking causes stroke and heart attack, respectively. Only 64.3% of respondents were aware that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, and 27.5%, 51.0%, and 52.6% were aware that secondhand smoke causes heart disease in adults, lung disease in children and lung cancer in adults, respectively. Awareness regarding smoking-related hazards across all participants was significantly associated with several factors, including gender, smoking status, urban/rural residency, education level and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Awareness regarding tobacco-related hazards in smokers was significantly associated with urban/rural residency, education level, exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days, and physician's advice. Awareness relating to the hazards of inhaling secondhand smoke was associated with smoking status, urban/rural residency, age, education level, and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Medical professionals were found to know more about the health hazards of tobacco compared with people in other types of employment.

CONCLUSIONSOverall awareness of the health hazards of tobacco has improved in the last 15 years in China, but is still relatively poor. Improved means of communicating information and more effective warning labels on cigarette packaging are necessary for increasing public awareness of tobacco hazards, particularly among rural residents and people with less education.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Surveys ; Heart Diseases ; etiology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; epidemiology ; Young Adult