Reproductive system diseases are among the primary contributors to the decline in social fertility rates and the intensification of aging, posing significant threats to both physical and mental health, as well as quality of life. Recent research has revealed the substantial potential of the gut microbiota in improving reproductive system diseases. Under healthy conditions, the gut microbiota maintains a dynamic balance, whereas dysfunction can trigger immune-inflammatory responses, metabolic disorders, and other issues, subsequently leading to reproductive system diseases through the gut-gonadal axis. Reproductive diseases, in turn, can exacerbate gut microbiota imbalance. This article reviews the impact of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on both male and female reproductive systems, analyzing changes in typical gut microorganisms and their metabolites related to reproductive function. The composition, diversity, and metabolites of gut bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Firmicutes, including short-chain fatty acids, 5-hydroxytryptamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and bile acids, are closely linked to reproductive function. As reproductive diseases develop, intestinal immune function typically undergoes changes, and the expression levels of immune-related factors, such as Toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β), also vary. The gut microbiota and its metabolites influence reproductive hormones such as estrogen, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone, thereby affecting folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. Additionally, the metabolism and absorption of vitamins can also impact spermatogenesis through the gut-testis axis. As the relationship between the gut microbiota and reproductive diseases becomes clearer, targeted regulation of the gut microbiota can be employed to address reproductive system issues in both humans and animals. This article discusses the regulation of the gut microbiota and intestinal immune function through microecological preparations, fecal microbiota transplantation, and drug therapy to treat reproductive diseases. Microbial preparations and drug therapy can help maintain the intestinal barrier and reduce chronic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation involves transferring feces from healthy individuals into the recipient’s intestine, enhancing mucosal integrity and increasing microbial diversity. This article also delves into the underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences reproductive capacity through the gut-gonadal axis and explores the latest research in diagnosing and treating reproductive diseases using gut microbiota. The goal is to restore reproductive capacity by targeting the regulation of the gut microbiota. While the gut microbiota holds promise as a therapeutic target for reproductive diseases, several challenges remain. First, research on the association between gut microbiota and reproductive diseases is insufficient to establish a clear causal relationship, which is essential for proposing effective therapeutic methods targeting the gut microbiota. Second, although gut microbiota metabolites can influence lipid, glucose, and hormone synthesis and metabolism via various signaling pathways—thereby indirectly affecting ovarian and testicular function—more in-depth research is required to understand the direct effects of these metabolites on germ cells or granulosa cells. Lastly, the specific efficacy of gut microbiota in treating reproductive diseases is influenced by multiple factors, necessitating further mechanistic research and clinical studies to validate and optimize treatment regimens.

Phakic intraocular lens implantation has become one of the important means of correcting refractive errors today. Among them,the implantable collamer lens(ICL)is favored for its wide range of correction, excellent optical quality, and high safety, but the risks of postoperative complications such as glaucoma and anterior subcapsular opacification still exist. Vault is an important indicator for evaluating the safety after ICL implantation, and its ideal state is crucial for preventing complications. Studies have shown that iris morphology has a significant impact on vault. In order to further optimize surgical outcomes and improve surgical safety, this review comprehensively reviews the research progress of iris-related parameters in ICL implantation and discusses the importance of various parameters in preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up.

To establish and optimize a method for the detection of recombinant human midkine (rhMK) activity and verify its methodology, cell counting kit-8 (cck-8) method was used to measure the proliferation activity of rat knee chondrocytes. The specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity and robustness of the method were also verified in this study. The established method was proven to have good specificity because the buffer of rhMK and recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist have no obvious active effect; the recoveries of the samples with relative activities of 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150% were in the range of 80.0% to 124.0% by statistical analysis, the relative standard deviations (RSD) of relative potency were all within 20%, the linear correlation coefficient, R² ≥ 0.98, suggesting that the accuracy, precision and linearity of the method were good; the robustness correlation coefficient, R² ≥ 0.92 and the ratio of maximum to minimum of sigmoidal dose-response were no less than 1.5, indicating that robustness of the methods was good. In conclusion, a bioactivity measurement method for rhMK was established and fully validated in this study and it provides a reliable method for the bioactivity analysis of rhMK routine samples during the development. This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc. (approval number: 2019-0008-06).

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of Bushen Yugu Formula （补肾愈骨方） promoting postoperative functional rehabilitation of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability （CLAI） with syndrome of liver-kidney insufficiency and sinews-vessels deprived of nourishment. MethodsClinical data were retrospectively collected from 40 patients with CLAI with syndrome of liver-kidney insufficiency and sinews-vessels deprived of nou-rishment who underwent external ankle ligament repair surgery. They were divided into 20 cases each in the treatment group and control group according to whether or not they took Bushen Yugu Formula； patients in the control group underwent postoperative functional rehabilitation， while patients in the treatment group took Bushen Yugu Formula in the 3rd and 4th postoperative weeks combined with the rehabilitation. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） scores， the flexion/extension and internal/external rotation， the imaging scores of the ankle joint on the operated side and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores were recorded in the preoperative and 3-month postoperative， respectively. The patients' liver and kidney functions were tested in the preoperative and 4-month postoperative， and adverse events during treatment were recorded. ResultsCompared with the preoperative period， the AOFAS scores were higher and the TCM syndrome scores were lower in both groups 3 months after surgery （P＜0.01）， and the ankle internal and external rotation mobility and imaging scores were higher in the treatment group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and ankle flexion/extension mobility was lower in the control group （P＜0.05）. At 3 months after surgery， the AOFAS score was higher in the treatment group than in the control group， and the TCM syndrome score was lower than in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Two cases of gastrointestinal reactions were reported in the treatment group， which relieved on their own after stopping the formula， and no abnormality was observed in liver and kidney function indexes. ConclusionBushen Yugu Formula can promote functional rehabilitation of ankle joint and improve clinical symptoms in CLAI patients with syndrome of liver-kidney insufficiency and sinews-vessels deprived of nourishment， and it shows a good safety.

Taking the scope of outpatient special disease,the level of protection and the fixed-point management as the entry point.Under the"N+X"policy background,it reviewed the policies related to outpatient special diseases in 13 co-ordinated districts of Jiangsu Province to explore the similarities and differences and the existing problems,and provide relevant suggestions.Jiangsu Province has issued a guiding document to establish a unified outpatient special disease system,the differences in the scope of outpatient special disease and the medical insurance benefit level in the 13 cities should not be ignored.These differences may affect the fairness of patients and hinder the establishment of a unified outpatient special disease system in the province.In addition,there are still some problems in the selection of diseases,hierarchical medical,and disease identification.It is recommended to establish a dynamic selection mechanism for outpatient special diseases,to fully utilize the role of primary healthcare institutions in providing outpatient services for special diseases,and to develop objective and unified criteria for identifying outpatient special diseases.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength. Methods We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.Results In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β=-2.119), As (β=-1.318), Sr (β=-2.480), Ba (β=0.781), Fe (β= 1.130) and Mn (β=-0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength (P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95％ confidence interval:-1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn (Pinteractions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.

Taking the scope of outpatient special disease,the level of protection and the fixed-point management as the entry point.Under the"N+X"policy background,it reviewed the policies related to outpatient special diseases in 13 co-ordinated districts of Jiangsu Province to explore the similarities and differences and the existing problems,and provide relevant suggestions.Jiangsu Province has issued a guiding document to establish a unified outpatient special disease system,the differences in the scope of outpatient special disease and the medical insurance benefit level in the 13 cities should not be ignored.These differences may affect the fairness of patients and hinder the establishment of a unified outpatient special disease system in the province.In addition,there are still some problems in the selection of diseases,hierarchical medical,and disease identification.It is recommended to establish a dynamic selection mechanism for outpatient special diseases,to fully utilize the role of primary healthcare institutions in providing outpatient services for special diseases,and to develop objective and unified criteria for identifying outpatient special diseases.

Taking the scope of outpatient special disease,the level of protection and the fixed-point management as the entry point.Under the"N+X"policy background,it reviewed the policies related to outpatient special diseases in 13 co-ordinated districts of Jiangsu Province to explore the similarities and differences and the existing problems,and provide relevant suggestions.Jiangsu Province has issued a guiding document to establish a unified outpatient special disease system,the differences in the scope of outpatient special disease and the medical insurance benefit level in the 13 cities should not be ignored.These differences may affect the fairness of patients and hinder the establishment of a unified outpatient special disease system in the province.In addition,there are still some problems in the selection of diseases,hierarchical medical,and disease identification.It is recommended to establish a dynamic selection mechanism for outpatient special diseases,to fully utilize the role of primary healthcare institutions in providing outpatient services for special diseases,and to develop objective and unified criteria for identifying outpatient special diseases.

Taking the scope of outpatient special disease,the level of protection and the fixed-point management as the entry point.Under the"N+X"policy background,it reviewed the policies related to outpatient special diseases in 13 co-ordinated districts of Jiangsu Province to explore the similarities and differences and the existing problems,and provide relevant suggestions.Jiangsu Province has issued a guiding document to establish a unified outpatient special disease system,the differences in the scope of outpatient special disease and the medical insurance benefit level in the 13 cities should not be ignored.These differences may affect the fairness of patients and hinder the establishment of a unified outpatient special disease system in the province.In addition,there are still some problems in the selection of diseases,hierarchical medical,and disease identification.It is recommended to establish a dynamic selection mechanism for outpatient special diseases,to fully utilize the role of primary healthcare institutions in providing outpatient services for special diseases,and to develop objective and unified criteria for identifying outpatient special diseases.

Taking the scope of outpatient special disease,the level of protection and the fixed-point management as the entry point.Under the"N+X"policy background,it reviewed the policies related to outpatient special diseases in 13 co-ordinated districts of Jiangsu Province to explore the similarities and differences and the existing problems,and provide relevant suggestions.Jiangsu Province has issued a guiding document to establish a unified outpatient special disease system,the differences in the scope of outpatient special disease and the medical insurance benefit level in the 13 cities should not be ignored.These differences may affect the fairness of patients and hinder the establishment of a unified outpatient special disease system in the province.In addition,there are still some problems in the selection of diseases,hierarchical medical,and disease identification.It is recommended to establish a dynamic selection mechanism for outpatient special diseases,to fully utilize the role of primary healthcare institutions in providing outpatient services for special diseases,and to develop objective and unified criteria for identifying outpatient special diseases.